From the dowry of the bride. Olonetskaya province, Kargopol County, Gar village.
The beginning of the XX century.

Of all the items of Severus weaving at the most honorable place - towels. Their decoration in the Russian village has always attached special importance. These patterns and today are striking harmonic beauty. Most often they are hot-red, with a strict embossed pattern, which will distinguished on silver flares. How much taste, skills, labor! Any little thing says that we are truly a truly big art.

Unfortunately, we almost do not know anything about him. Where is his origins? How and when did these amazing patterns originate? Why exactly they, not any others? What finally meant the "decorated" towels for our distant ancestors? All this is a modern man of non-doom. Therefore, our look only slides on the surface of things, and the essence of ancient art remains a mystery.

So let's try to penetrate it. Although a little - one is only one step ...

Behind the skins.
Fragment of the miniatures of the XVIII century.

Let's start with the fact that they decorated the towel so generously, of course, it's not by chance. In the old days it was one of the most important things in the life of things and accompanied a person from birth to death, as if noting the main points of his fate. Special towel otiraili newborn. During the wedding rank of the bride and the bride, they set the bride and tied up with a towel, symbolizing the marriage bonds. A man died - his coffin was covered with a towel.

The thing was so appreciated that it was often paid for her work or purchase. And leaked the peasant to a foreign land or took him to the soldiers - gave the "Towns" on the road. As the best farewell.

Towel. Fragment. Arkhangelsk region, Pinezhsky district, Kevrole village. 1978.

Also and on weekdays were always there. Some - "manotes" with a modest pattern - hung at the Hoodyman. You leave the face - will serve you "Rubbish". The most elegant decorated the hut. I hung in the "red" angle on the image, later - on the frame with family photos. On the mirrors, on the windows and just along the walls on the hooks.

They did not only for beauty: according to an old belief, these patterns carried the power of good and defeated against all evil. There was even a special rite of their reading. But at the beginning of our century, much remembered. This is what a curious conversation that happened at the time, gave us an eyewitness. One rustic girl was preparing his god, and his mother carefully followed the work. Seeing that in the batch of towels, young weaves put two rows of triangles to the top, she stopped her:

It is impossible to do this, daughter! Dragons teeth are obtained. You put the soles of the sole to the sole - the sun rays will be released. And they will shine to you until the towel itself is.

True, it is interesting? As if not a towel was decorated, and the magic fairy tale told ... Among the usual motifs of folk weakness, crosses and rhoms are particularly often found - the infinite varieties are mandatory for any woven ornament. What could they mean?

The end of the towel is "paints".
Vologda province, Ustyuzhensky County, Kuzmin village. End of the XIX century.

Sprinkle your eyes and take a look at the sun. You will see the four rays from him in the form of a cross.

To all free light, a clear one shines on all four kids, "the people said in the people." The Svyatouruser land is great, and everywhere Sunny.

On mysterious at that time, heavenly phenomena, when the sun is seen by a large cross, surrounded by rainbow rays, repeatedly inform the chronicle: "Wonder to be a sign in the SOLCI, a fence in the middle of the circles." Direct plane cross and was in a folk symbolics of the sun. The diamond was also revered by a symbol of fertility and often combined with a sunny sign inscribed in it. If you add that the rhombus was called the "circle" people, it is easy to see the similarity between the pattern and marked in the chronicle of the celestial phenomenon.

Casual coincidence? Let's go further. Now we once again used the word "pattern" - and will not tell me anything interesting? Falling dictionaries, we learn that in Slavic languages \u200b\u200bit has one root with the words "Zarya", "Zarla", "Zarnitsa". It turns out that the very concept of embroidered and woven ornament, or, as they said before, "patterns", is also somehow connected with heavenly fire. From the same circle and the old name, now half-selling, improvised weaving mill - "CROZNA", located in the blood relationship with the ancient Russian word "cubs" - flame, fire. "Heavenly Lights" cresses called heavenly light during the summer solstice, and June himself "the hematus". According to the people's legend, the king of the Sun is singing in his panels these days, and the rays-arrows are bullied in the air.

But the most striking thing is that the entire space of the mill, where the woven pattern was created, saturated with solar signs. The image of the sun and its rays occurs at all major parts of the cross. The horizontal basis on which they are attached, directly called the "subnet"! And it means that the pattern of the towel itself is born as if under sunshine.

Drops such patterns are not easy: good memory and intelligence, intense attention and perfection are needed. Distribute even one thread - the error is immediately evident. And the case is moving soon: according to the masters themselves, for the day of work, do not cut down and one elegant end to the towel.

The end of the towel is "paints".
Vologda province, Ustyuzhensky County, Kuzmin village. End XIX - early XX century.

In each terrain, the towels had their own distinctive features. On the Pinege River, they have long, with three or broader, gradually narrowing up "firmware". The ornament is clear and harmonious.

On Onega River and the Towel itself, and decorated with an intricate "lace" pattern. End is smaller.

The ornament of Kokshengi and Veliable Towels is still more stronger, with an oblique white grid, eight-pointed stars and light comb robes.

In Nimudren, at first glance, works created by the hands of rustic weaves, not only the fate of their creators. The worldview, moral foundations and the artistic taste of residents of the Russian North, were embodied here, which are centuries-old traditions of the whole people. For us, these are invaluable monuments of material and spiritual culture. How much can tell scientists one end of a household towel! After all, an ornament decorating him is the Millennium language: each sign concludes a whole concept, and several characters standing in a row, as if phrase in the letter.

In the weaving of the north with a special brightness, all the variety of geometric motifs was revealed. Significantly smaller here of the pictorial patterns. By keeping your own, they are all in close connection with the ornament of local embroidery. Compared to her, the woven pattern for a long time remained more archaic. But new motives came and here. For example, in Velikyustugian tissues, these are "punks" - male and female figures in the peasant costume of the XIX century.

All patterns of woven towels are subject to the law of symmetry: it has symbolized the harmony of the universe from ancient times. Well, the horizontal course of the ornament, whose motifs lined up an endless turn, speaks of the eternal cycle of life in nature.

Towel end. Olonetskaya province, Kargopol County, Village of the Graveyard.
End of the XIX century.

Yes, an amazing area is folk art. It can tell about many ways. We are all bad if, is good, heard about antique mythology. She is beautiful, there is no dispute. But what do we know about poetic views on the nature of your own ancestors? As if they did not have their own excellent legends.

According to the ancient people's ideas, the world consists of four elements: "Tsaritsa-Water", "Tsar-Fire", "Mother of Raw Earth" and "Air-Mr.".

Water is related to earth, is its component. Therefore, "raw." And why "mother"? For the Russian peasant the earth as if a living being. Falls asleep for winter and wakes up from the hot rays of the Sun Sun. Drinks water and give birth to harvest. Gently, Maternity takes care of people: feeds, sew, dresses, protects from trouble.

Fire and air, without which he cannot live, make up another group of elements. To the fire Russian man has been published deep respect. In Starina, believed that he would protect from the ailments, purifies from diseases. Therefore, they jumped through it, fured out clothes over him.

Well, the fire and the sun, of course, in kinship: both of them are the sons of the sky. "What is the most beautiful in the world?" - Asks a mystery. " The fire ". "What is the fire brighter than all? " - "The sun". Recall the rustic mill - Crus again. Now we understand that the name of it from the same heavenly fire, the image of which was embodied in weaving patterns. According to one poetic legend, the sun scatters his gold curls across the sky and straight the filaments of the rays. So the female peasant woman will primarily give a linen Cudel carved on a spicy shine and tidys out of it, as if from sun races, threads. Of these, it will then be weave. Lovers of Russian folk fairy tales, of course, remember how the towel abandoned to earth turned into a fiery river. But the real are similar to it - so generously decorated with hot-red patterns.

Towel. Olonetskaya province, Kargopol County, Gar village.
End of the XIX century.

Let's take a closer look at them again. The background on the tissues of the craftsmen called "Earth". You probably guessed why: in pursing the symbolic ancient art of the flax canvas personified his mother to the earth. It's not by chance that she is white - our ancestors tied this color with the concept of good, and who in the world is kinder than the mother? And here on the gloves silver "land" the woven ornament is raised. If the canvas itself has a direct weave of the threads, the pattern like covers its oblique grid. . And creates the impression of movement! Before us is a visible image of fire, which comes back on the silver plain of the Earth and its transforming. This is the most common and most important image of the pattern of weaving.

The ancient Slavic legend says that everything in the world began to live after the fire caught fire in the ground. Doesn't they say and decorate? You finally make sure that if you find out when the craftsmen made a towel. It turns out that there was a strictly defined time. For the work of the Tkachi, they sat only in spring, but before the start of field work. Weaving them with something resembled spell. By creating his fiery patterns, the peasants as if they asked the sun shining all the stronger and hotter and rather to drive from the ground to Stupua and the darkness so that she gave the joy to people rich fruits. Yes, in the patrony of Russian folk weft, we first appear a truly cosmic image. The land, resurrected from a long winter sleep and fertilized by heavenly fire, taking the power to give a harvest and feed a person, animals, birds - everything that lives under the sun. And the sun itself, giving all the living on Earth its transforming light and its own life-quality heat ... That's what secrets are stored patterns of ancient towels. And it seemed just beautiful.

• The towel played an important role in a folk life. The towel has always been a very strong faith, which passed from the pagan tradition to Christian.

• On the towel embroidered with red threads - it was an ancient charm of the house from evil spirits.

Embroidery on the towel

All towels had an embroidered pattern. In the embroidery embodied the ancient folk symbols and rites.

The sun

The sun was revered as a source of life with a great cleansing and protective force. They were treated with prayers for fertility and prosperity.

The oblique cross with curved ends is a solar sign - Solvice (changing day and night, seasons).

Land

Earth, in the representation of Russian peasants, endowed with human features. She was called "Kormilitsa - Mother Cheese Earth."

Makosh

It was revered in an inextricable connection with water and vegetation. Pictured her in the form of a female figure with birds in the arms raised, inside which the tree has grown, and at the feet or on the edge of the clothes, a toothed line depicting water was held.

Bird

• It was believed that the bird brings good to man. Therefore, birds always embroidered at the ends of the wedding towels in the sign of consent, love and peace in the house, then in the image of the bade of the birds - Pavitsa, then in the form of an elegant duck floating on the waves.

Horse

The keeper of the homely focus was considered a horse, perceived as the strongest pet. According to the ancient legend, Konya was given the honorable role to elaborate in the movement of the sun across the sky, which in the afternoon rushing in the chariot, harvested by ceremony horses, and at night swimming in Blue Sea in Roj. Figures of horses and rooks were depicted on the pods and towels.

The tree is one of the most ancient symbols, the tree of life, so presented the ancestors of the universe. They thought that there were heavenly gardens in the sky, and a wonder-tree grown there with magic fruits. Tree of life, a tree that gives birth to a new life was a symbol of life, the unity of the kind, its continuation and well-being.

Water

• The life-giving force of water that feeds the Earth was depicted in the form of waterfowl, and the water themselves - in the form of zigzag strips.

Title title and purpose

• Ancient Slavs believed that the human life began and the end and the towel accompanies him all his life from birth to death.

Maternity towel

• A little man was born, the grandmother takes him on a towel that his mother lovingly embroidered. Being still in the girls, she took care of her baby, providing a towel rich protective symbolism. This towel is called the maternity hospital.

Bouncing for newborns

• On a bare tummy, the child tied a belt from the bleached sheep wool-fever. The ends of the belt closed, the circle symbol of the sun and infinity turned out. Based on, it means, opened with unclean strength.

Swivel

• The newborn baby was peelled in a swivel - a narrow long strip of fabric, it is also a towel.

Washing towel

• Our distant ancestors have existed a daily magic ritual of purification by water. In the morning, from night fears and horrors, in the evening, from daytime, worries and fatigue. In the ceremony of purification included and wiping the face with a towel and called it wipe it.

Wedding Towel

• At the wedding of the bride and groom, parents met and blessed with a towel in their hands, on which there were bread and salt. Embroidered Bird-Pava in love on them, supplemented embroidery with plant elements and small birds. This is the wish of young good and happiness.

Breakal Towel

• And on the last journey, in the cemetery, a man, carrying him on the towels, they give them to the grave. This is a funeral towels. On the funeral towel, the symbols of the soul and the funeral (sacrificial) fire were depicted. The burial towels after making a rite were given to the temple, on the pominus of the soul.

Purpose: To acquaint with the convention of the language of the ornament, its symbolic meaning, stylization.

Tasks:

• develop love and interest in folk creativity, love for the Motherland and its culture on the example of the study of Russian folk embroidery on towels, its ritual role in the national life;
• develop work skills on the composition, independence in the choice of composite solutions;
• educate accuracy and creative imagination.

Planned results

Subsection:

Graphic:possession of pencil, wovers, correctly spend horizontal, vertical, inclined lines.

Educational and creative: to look for similarity with natural forms, to be able to stylize real images into fantastic.

Speech: Ability to analyze, compare and draw conclusions.

Personal Wood: to form a respectful attitude towards the culture and art of their country. The need for independent practical creative activity.

Regulatory Wood:

• suggest your assumption based on educational material;
• express their attitude to the ancient images in creative work;
• work on the proposed plan, instructions;
• discuss creative work of classmates and give an assessment of their activities in the lesson

Cognitive Wood:

• find answers to questions in graphics and presentation slides;
• navigate the textbook;
• be able to use different graphic materials;

Communicative Wood:

• use communicative competence in communicating with peers;
• listen and understand the speech of others;
• be able to express your thoughts
• be able to critically evaluate your work and work of your comrades

Type of lesson: learn lesson and primary consolidation of new knowledge.

Form of carrying out: lesson - research with elements of creative activity.

Technical learning tools

for teacher:

• Multimedia Projector, Computer, Magnetic Board, Illustration With Embroidered Products, Tables With Symbols Signs, Embroidery Presentations, Presentation in PowerPoint format

For a student:

• fine art textbook Grade 5 N.A. Goryolay, O.V. Ostrovskaya "Decorative and applied art in a person's life", paper, pencil, eraser, markers, paints, brushes, thin white paper, scissors, glue.

Lesson plan

1. The conversation about the symbolic meaning of embroidery and towels in the life of a Russian man.

2. Statement of the artistic problem.

3. Practical performance.

4. Reflection

5. Summing up the lesson

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Greeting. Check availability to the lesson.

2. Message the theme and lesson goals.

Our today's lesson will be devoted to the Russian towel. Presentation .

In modern life, this is familiar to us all the subject of the need. And in the old days, the towel played a very important role in different rites and customs, participated in the important moments of human life and accompanied him from birth to death.

What is embroidery?

Embroidery is the decoration of products from various materials with an ornamental pattern performed by manually by threads using a needle.

What are the embroidery products decorate?

Embroidery, according to popular belief, was supposed to bring a man happiness, to protect him from any evil and trouble, bringing closer with the surrounding nature

Embroidery art in Russia is known with deep antiquity. Everything that was surrounded by a person in everyday life was carefully decorated with hardworking hands of a woman.

From ancient times, they read the ability to create wondrous embroidered patterns on the fabric. They were engaged in this art for many centuries women of any age and class.

Embroidery girls started from 7-8 years old and from now on they had to prepare their own dowry: wedding outfit, weekend clothes, bed linen, tablecloths, towels and much more. The towel served as a gift, a sign of gratitude. On the holidays, the walls of each heaven were decorated with a patterned towel, they framed the windows, a mirror, a frame with portraits, a red angle and icons.

Towers (Post Pupil Appendix No. 1.)

The towel played an important role in a folk life. The towel has always been a very strong faith, which passed from the pagan tradition to Christian.

On the towel embroidered with red threads - it was an ancient charm of the house from evil spirits.

Ancient Slavs believed that the human life began and the end and the towel accompanies him all his life from birth to death. A little man was born, grandmother - the hangup takes him on a towel, which lovingly embroidered his mother. Being still in the girls, she took care of her baby, providing a towel rich protective symbolism. This towel is called Maiden.

Our distant ancestors have existed a daily magic ritual of purification by water. In the morning - from night fears and horrors, in the evening - from daytime burden, worries and fatigue. In the rite of purification, the wiping of the face with a towel and called it wipe.

At the wedding of the bride and groom, parents met and blessed with a towel in their hands, on which there were bread and salt. This is a towel called wedding.

And on the last journey, in the cemetery, a man, carrying him on the towels, they give them to the grave. it pogren Towels. On the funeral towel, the symbols of the soul and the funeral (sacrificial) fire were depicted. The burial towels after making a rite were given to the temple, on the pominus of the soul.

You see what a deep symbolic meaning of the most common and ancient object of the people's life is a towel.

All towels had an embroidered pattern. In the embroidery, the ancient folk symbols and images found their embodiment. Embroidery is not just patterns. Learn to understand the language of patterns in embroidery - it means to learn how to understand a person, to understand in our own past, know and follow the values \u200b\u200bof their people.

What signs of symbols were used in wooden thread patterns when decorating the His? (sun, horse, bird)

Images and motifs used in embroidery (student message Appendix No. 2.)

From generation to generation, patterns and techniques of skill were transmitted, and artistic features in ancient embroidery.

Open the tutorial on page 42, consider the images of the towels and find ancient symbols.

Color Symbols on the Towel (Pupil Message Appendix number 3.)

The word "ornament" in Latin means "decoration".

The ornament is a pattern based on repeating and alternating the components of its elements designed to decorate various items . It has generalized decorative forms borrowed from external animal forms, plants by simplifying and styling. The ornament serves decorative and applied items, widely used in architecture and book graphics.

The ornament appeared in deep antiquity - several millennia ago. The source for creating original compositions was nature for a person. Looking in nature, the man found a lot of unusual forms and color shades (flowers, fruits, leaflets of various plants, patterns on the wings of butterflies and birds).

In Russia, the ornament served not only to the decoration, but also protection from unkind, evil spirits. On the sleeves and collars of the shirts were made by embroidery, which "guarded" from any unclean.

The ornament is built from a repeated repeating pattern or motive. The motive in the ornament is called a decorative element based on the ornamental composition. Depending on the motive used in the ornamental composition, the ornament can be geometric, vegetable and zoomorphic.

In the geometric ornament, geometric shapes are performed as a motive: a circle, square, triangle, etc. In vegetable - forms borrowed from the world of nature, for example: plant leaves, fruits, flowers, branches, etc. And in zoomorphic - silhouettes of animals.

3. Statement of the artistic problem.

Today at the lesson you must perform a sketch of an embroidered towel based on folk embroidery.

Imagine that our white sheet is linen bleached fabric. Before starting work, we think about the composition. It is advisable to choose one central major plot (blooming tree, a couple of birds, a female figure), and on top and bottom to place ribbon patterns of different colors (the sequence of execution and acceptance of the work is shown). Small parts in the composition can be performed with a red or black felt-tip pen. The edge of the towel will decorate the "lace" that we cut out of the paper. To do this, fold the thin sheet of paper "accordion". From each side of the strip cut patterns. While work, observe accuracy and caution when handling scissors and glue.

4. Practical work

1. Divide the A4 sheet (book orientation) in half vertically by a simple pencil.
2. Come up with a composition in the center of a sheet of symbol signs (flowering tree, birds, women's figure)
3. Observe symmetry (if a symmetrical pattern is selected)
4. Observe a clear alternation of elements if the pattern is selected in the strip.
5. Observe all patterns with a red and black felt-tip pen, or a gouache.
6. From thin paper cut "lace" and decorate them with a towel, sticking it under the edge of the sheet.

5. Reflection

Let's make Skinway with the word embroidery

Sinwen has a short shape of a poem consisting of five unimproved lines.

1 line is one noun expressing the main topic of the Cainkweune.

2 Row - two adjectives expressing the main thought.

3 Row - three verbs describing actions within the topic.

4 Row - phrase, carrying a certain meaning.

5 Row - conclusion in the form of a noun (association with the first word).

An example of synkewine:

Embroidery
Folk, beautiful
Embroider
"Hurry up, mockery people"
Decoration

Self-satisfaction

To give a self-esteem of the work performed on the following criteria:

A) the integrity of the composition

B) saturation of color shades

C) accuracy of work

6. Summing up.

At the end of the lesson on the board, Express is organized - exhibition of finished works

Exhibition of student work and discussion.

What mood you have when you look at these compositions?

What difficulties have experienced during work?

What new did you find out in the lesson?

What did you learn in the lesson?

Manual weaving in the past was one of the most common types of art. Every woman knew how and spin, and weave. More than five thousand works are kept in the collection of fabrics of the State Russian Museum. Most of them are brought from expeditions to the north, to the central and southern regions of European Russia in 1930-190s. The collection with sufficient completeness reflects the artistic peculiarity of the tissues of different centers of the XIX - XX centuries. And at the same time shows the features of Russian patterned weaving as a whole.

Ways to decorate fabrics with patterns were complex and time-consuming. Weavsky Stan is a massive wooden structure with a footboard, block of blocks and other devices for different types of textiles. The main part of the mill - frame with stretched smooth rows of bases, which are intertwined across the duck threads. The ornament is created in the process of textile, and it is impossible to correct the slightest inaccuracy of the figure: the background threads and patterns form a single structure. Therefore, the ability of the tipples to produce the most complex calculations of the patterns is valued as high as the natural taste and fantasy.

The technique of weaving causes the geometric nature of the ornament, which combines stripes and triangles, squares, diamonds and other figures. Among them are diamonds - linear, with extended parties, comb, hooked. The rhombic ornament originated in antiquity and a deep meaning in himself. Rhombus was a symbol of the Sun, the personification of the seeded field. The magical meaning of the figures gradually changed, the ornament is enriched with new motifs.

Towel. End of the XIX century.

Towel. 1887.
Holmogorsky county of the Arkhangelsk lips.

But all the same ancient elements remained mainly in ritual objects - wedding shoes, towels with long patterned ends. The museum meeting has wedding towels, rare on the beauty of the ornament and a variety of decorative solutions. Two of them are distinguished by two, insulated with taking water weaving with a red dodge over a white background. This technique got the widespread in the north. Two ducks - white and color - at the same time create background and pattern. On the back of the fabric, a negative figure is obtained.

The ends of the towel from the Kholmogorsk district of the Arkhangelsk province are decorated with eight stripes, as if flowing into each other. In each strip, the pattern is different, the rhythm of the alternation of elements. The thick pattern is made up of small strokes and large parts with a loose texture forming convex sections, so that the surface of the tissue acquires textured wealth.

Towel. XIX century.
Kargopol County Olonetsk Lip.
State Russian Museum

A large rhombic towel pattern from Kargopol County Olonetskaya province attracts the classic severity of a linear pattern, completion and equilibious composition.

Detail of a towel. The beginning of the XX century.
Colorgian county of the Kostroma lips.
State Russian Museum

Strong fabrics demonstrate a lot of local ornaments. The peculiarity of the tissues of the Colorge County of the Kostroma province is the vertical construction of patterns. Roma, the paint sockets are connected to the longitudinal rows, adopting the vertices. The background and pattern, as it were, be changed in places: the red surface of the fabric seems like white strokes forming diameters and miniature hooked crosses. Such crosses in antiquity symbolized fire, life. In a geometric ornament in a peculiar form, the presentations of people about nature are revealed, about the device of the world.

Towel end. XIX century
Velikyustyugian County of the Vologda Lips.
State Russian Museum

In the ornaments of fabrics, the image of a person is extremely rare. The unique exhibits in the Museum's meeting are the ends of towels, shim banks, shells of shoes with geometric human figures from the Velikostugian County of the Vologda province.

Women's lower skirt. End of the XIX century.
Kadnikovsky county of the Vologda lips. Master E.N.Konovova
State Russian Museum

In the works of Vologda masters, patterned weaving is often combined with other types of decoration of fabrics. In the Kadnikovsky district of the Vologda province at the end of the XIX century. There was an interesting center of lacewood and weaving. The alternation of white lace lace bars and woven spacers from bright gap threads can be seen on female lower skirts, shelters. Small thick pattern, fluffy texture of tissues contrast with openwork lace.

Hem of women's shirt. End of the XIX century.
Gryazovetsky county of the Vologda lips.
State Russian Museum

Among the fabrics from the Gryazovetsky County of the Vologda province in the collection of the museum prevailing the picers, but they are more stringent: the dark blue cubic sleeping and colored woven spacers of red, pink, green colors make up a few gloomy combinations. Only in the gyrome tissues patterns are performed on a black background, a clear dry dry pattern.

Skirt. The beginning of the XX century.
Poshekhonsky County of Yaroslavl lips.
State Russian Museum

Ornament-saturated marriage fabrics are often connected in one subject with a plaid or striped fading. The simplicity of its drawing and invoices is replenished with a wide choice of color combinations. The checkered red and white skirt from the Popehon County of the Yaroslavl province is decorated with a dark-red stone border crossing, in which blue-blue sockets flashes asterlers.

Detail of the subzor. Mid XIX century
Solvychygodsky county of the Vologda lips.
State Russian Museum

Folk costume is presented in the museum of individual objects from different centers, and only a meeting of Ryazan costumes shows entire sets of clothing of this area.

Women costume. The beginning of the XX century.
State Russian Museum

The costume of the peasant of the Casimovsky district of the Ryazan province (River River area) as if the wealth of the colors of the Meshchersky region did. From a bright red striped, checkered fabric, a shrine of a shirt, a short "craver" and the apron, decorated with the fiber inserts of silk ribbons, sittsev stripes, lace, bright embroidery, imitating patterned weaver. Wide wear, in which cross-membership of patterns prevail, attached a figment.

Part detail. The second half of the XIX century.
Casimovsky district of the Ryazan lips.
State Russian Museum

Kasimov region - severe dense skirts - do not have analogies in Russian weaving. In the meeting of the museum there are two lies from the Parachinsky parish with the same ornament and pattern, unique in difficulty and harmonicity of the drawing. On woolen fabric to a large crimson-red and dark blue cage, a silver patterned grid, composed of meander, was added. Large sockets lie in the center of colored cells. Such renewers were rare already at the beginning of the 20th century.

M.A.Sorokina

Literature:
. M.A.Sorokina. Patterned weaving. - In the book. Russian folk art in the meeting of the State Russian Museum. L., artist RSFSR, 1984.
. Russian folk weaving and ceramics. Catalog of the exhibition. Authors. Articles and compilers of the catalog N. S. Grigorieva and E.A. Corsun. L., 1976.
. G. S. Maslova, People's Clothing of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians of the XX. - East Slavic ethnographic compilation.
. N. I. Sizoeva. Casimov patterned weaving in the XIX - early XX century. M., 1963.

Fabulous bird, a proud horse, a female figure, a rice tree, radiant circles ... who and when did these images come up with these images transmitted from the century? What did they mean?

More than our distant ancestors decorated their products with the simplest ornaments. The man tried to figure out how the world was arranged, find an explanation for incomprehensible, mysterious, mysterious. He sought to attract the good forces of nature, and from evil to defend, and he did it with his art.

The people expressed their concepts about the world with conventional signs: the straight horizontal line marked the land, the wavy horizontal - water, the vertical line turned into the rain; Fire, the sun was depicted by a cross. From these elements and their combinations and built the pattern. The ancient farmer endowed the natural phenomena with actions, feelings inherent in living beings, enjoying them into the shape of birds, animals, fantastic beings. Thus, a person expressed his ideas about the world in images.

There were a century - the Russian embroidery did not disappear, moving from generation to generation. The sun has long been worshiped by all agricultural peoples. "Not the earth will give birth, but the sky," says the Russian proverb. As elegantly, the objects of peasant life, decorated with solar circles - symbols of the Sun! The image of the Sun occupies one of the main places in the decoration of the dwelling. The sun in the form of round sockets, rhombuses, horses can be found in different types of folk art.

Russian peasant Izstari lived land. Earth, her fertility, he connected the mother to the way. The female figure is a deity that expressed ideas about the Earth, which will give birth, and about the woman - the continued of the kind. This image is called - different: the great goddess of the earth, fertility, mother - cheese Earth, Makos, which means "mother of a good crop."

Female figure is always associated with fertility symbols: wood, birds, animals, sunny signs. Look at how conditionally it is solved. From the body of the goddess often germinate branches, and instead of a head, her image of a rhombus is an ancient sign of the sun. Sometimes her figure resembles a tree.

Look at how this image is echoed in the embroidery with the image of the clay woman, the same gesture raised to the sky. On the shelters of such clay figures depicted symbols of the sun, shoots of grains. The female figure with directed hands symbolized the unity of the forces of the Earth and the sky, from which human life depended.

Ancient embroidery

An excellent example of using the ornament is the folk embroidery. Embroidery was decorated towels, wedding seats, tablecloths, curtains, festive shoes, white canvas sundresses, lightweight clothes, hats and scarves.

There is a suggestion that the embroidery was decorated with those parts of the costume, through which, on the presentation of our ancestors, evil forces could penetrate the body of a person. From here and the basic value of embroidery in antiquity is a protective. The gate, cuffs, hem, neck cut, embroidered a protective pattern. The fabric itself was considered impermeable for evil spirits, as items participated in its manufacture, abundantly supplied by the spell ornament. Therefore, it was important to protect those places where the enchanted clothing cloth ended and the human body began.

Embroidery was performed mainly in red threads, he was extremely important. His shades are diverse: scarlet, currant, poppy, brushing, cherry, brick ...

The seams that are made by vintage embroidery are countable. That is, for each stitch, tissue threads are considered. Previously, the drawing on the fabric is not translated, but only it can be stitching only its place and size. Such county seams as "painting", "set", "counting" received the greatest distribution.

Materials and fabrics

Cotton threads are best suited for constant protection against the evil eye and damage. Silk is good to preserve clarity of thinking, helps in difficult careers related situations. Wool protects those people whom evil already, alas, touched. She closes the trobs in your energy. Embroidery wool is performed on clothing in the neck, heart, in the field of solar plexus, the bottom of the belly, that is, where the main chakras of the person are located. Wool usually embroidered animal silhouettes (those who like you, to which you intuitively pull), less often trees and fruits. Do not embroider wool birds and stars. But the sun is quite suitable, will constantly protect you from the cold and darkness in life!

Lyon acts pacifyingly, especially well "works" when using ancient symbolic patterns - as a picture of the sun, stars, birds, trees.

Attention! It does not follow some one thing to embroider several different on the purpose of the coated patterns, it is better to choose a separate thing for each of them - otherwise the result of such an embroidery will be a certain energy fork. This also applies to the material from which threads are made - it is not necessary to use several types of material in one pattern. Also, know: the coated embroidery is taken to do smooth, without nodules - nodes break the energy connection of embroidery with its carrier, make it difficult to make a smooth energy.

Embroidery location and color

It is important to make a coast embroidery without nodules, as the nodes break the energy links of embroidery with the carrier. Embroidery location:

1) Traditional - circular (gate, belt, sleeves, hem).

2) Unconventional - that is, any, performing different protective functions: - protection of the love sphere - red-orange patterns in which circular and cross-shaped predominant;

Protection of a small child from misfortune - silhouette of a horse or rooster, threads red or black; For a child older, a schoolchildren - a blue-purple gamma that protects against strong mental overwork;

Blue or Golden green embroidery helps successful business management in any field of activity.

Creating charms, you need to follow some rules.

The rule is first. Alerts cannot be made for themselves.

Rule second. No one can make anyone to make an overlap or simplify it. The wubbles are made only by goodwill and from a clean soul.

Rule third. The strongest charms are those manufactured, made for you by your blood relatives: Father, Mother, Brother, Children.

Married ties on tradition are not considered blood relations, but if the marriage is harmonious and happy, mutually created charms are also greater power.

By the way, it is not necessary to invent anything: the strongest marriage is the wedding rings. True, it is better if they are, as insert, silver, and not gold. In addition, wedding rings must necessarily be smooth, without any patterns and stones. Unlike other magic items, wedding rings lose a significant part of their magical power from stones inserts, even the most precious. Wedding rings need to wear constantly without removing them even during sleep. The ring removed at least one of the spouses weakens protective forces, these rings are so inextricably merged. This is an example of the so-called paired magic items.

Rule fourth. It is necessary to closely treat the choice of materials for the fabrics, because often the material (stone, tree), which is good for you, is absolutely not suitable for whom you are creating this charm.

Rule fifth. In the process of creating the overag, you must constantly think about the person for whom you do it, keep it before a thought of his image, feel its energy, mood, character, needs.

If you will strictly observe all five rules, you probably have made the charm you really will be able to protect your host from a variety of troubles and misfortunes.

Materials are the safest, affordable and convenient fabrication materials - these are ordinary threads: woolen, linen, cotton. And the simplest faucet for an old-time embroidery was considered. She traditionally attended any cloth, towel, clothes. The main thing in the embroidery-guard is the color and pattern. The color gamut must correspond to the part of the spectrum that embroidery is designed to protect.

Children's clothing were usually sewed from the old clothes of parents - not only and not so much because it is already styling many times and therefore soft, it does not hurt, it does not understand the skin of the child, but because she absorbed parental energy and power, and she will protect it will save the child from a bad eye, damage, misfortunes. The girl's clothes were sewed from the maternal, the boy, of course, from paternal, thus the predetermining proper development, depending on the floor, the motherhood was transferred to the motherhood, the boy is a male force.

When the children smashed and have already acquired some kind of their own protective force, they had their own first shirt, from novel. This was usually timed to the moment of the first age initiation - in three years. From twelve years, a girl received the right to wear its own (though as long as the maiden) I will have a member, the boy was relying the first ports.

Since for children up to three years old clothes was converted from the parent, then the coast of embroidery, of course, there was the same, the parent. It was not only inconvenient and impractical to change it, but it is inappropriate - after all, it provided in addition to the facing function, the connection of generations, kinship and continuity. So, if the father of the child would be a hunter, then the wubbles on his clothes were associated with the hunt, and they were transmitted to this clothing to the boy. Similarly, the female line of the craft "was transmitted" to the girl. Rather, not the craft itself, and the power of many years of parental experience in it defended the child. Everyone protects in its own way, right? Weaver protects the special pattern of the canvas, hovering - with nazuits, the hunter - the animal fang ... And the result will be the same.

But the coated embroidery for his own clothes, the child was already different from adults. First, the color of the embroidery for children was always red, whereas for adult clothes he could be different. So, women were often used in embroidery except red black color - the color of the Mother Earth, trying to protect their vibration from infertility. Men were often needed for the guard blue or green colors - Blue defended from death from elements, green - from the Russian Academy of Sciences. There were no children. It was believed that children are under guardianship and protection of a kind.

On the shirt of the girl-girl, embroidery was mostly walking along the pic, sleeves and a necklace, and a married woman - breasts, gates, stitching on the pole was wider - it also reflected new relationship, belonging to the family of her husband.

The main traceful symbols for the girls were: the patroness of fate, the symbol of the kind, wood ornaments, the symbol of the patron of her birthday, the symbols of the earth (again, different from the female symbols of the Earth - they mostly appeared to either plowed or already in the last) and Women's crafts.

Boys (like girls) before twelve worn shirts without belts. The main symbols guarding boys were considered: symbols of fire, solar symbols, images of totem animals, of course, also a symbol of the Patron Symbol and the Patron Spirit of the Birthday, Bubrel's Bells and Symbols of Men's Crafts.

Until the majority of boys and girls could also wear common overalls. Passing the initiation at twelve years, the boychairs changed, became (as well as the girl) more polo-defined. The belt appeared and, of course, the faiths became less - because his own power grew. The embroidery already appeared images of the gods (for children they were simply too strong, not allowing the child to produce their "immunity"), not so much for the protected, as for the patronage, young girls are symbols of fertility, the young boys are military. Of course, neither the girl nor the boy they were needed.

In addition to embroidery on clothes, children often served by children's chambers, which hung over the cradle of the baby, the bed of a girl or boy, then rushed on her shoulder or on the belt. All this performed not only a protective and protective function, but also served as a link between man and nature.

Ornaments

The ornament arose long before the appearance of writing. This is confirmed by the fact that even an ancient person who dressed in animal skins warmed up by the fire, fishing for the dwelling of the dump truck, decorated with an ornament household items. On clay vessels, labor tools of ancient people can see the simplest patterns: dots, straight, wavy lines, rhombus. To read signs - the task is difficult. Scientists solve secrets like that.

It is known that an ancient man was a hunter. He knew that the power of the beast was in the beavna - this is his weapon. The tumper or it cut it in the form of a rhombus. This sign contained strength and power. Therefore, an ancient man drew him on his body, subjects surrounded by him.

Romatic ripples - a sign of happy hunting, good luck, sign of life, fertility. In order for the fields to be generous to the harvest, a man asked for the sky, the Sun and the Lust of Good luck, worked by spells. For this, he repeated patterns.

As well as:
Wavy lines symbolized water;
Horizontal - Earth;
oblique - rain, crossing the path to the sun;
Points between them - the grain, thrown into it.
Often, the ancient masters depicted signs that the sun indicated. These are solar signs.

The Sun for the Millennium received a great many image options. These include both a variety of crosses - both in a circle, and without it. Some crosses in a circle are very similar to the image of the wheel, and it is not good: the man saw the sun moved, that is, "rolled" in the sky, like a fire wheel. The eternal movement of the heavenly luminary was marked with a hooked cross, swastika. The swastika marked not only the moving sun, but also the wish of well-being. Especially often it is found in the northern embroidery both towels and shoes and in bluff weaving.
Many secrets can reveal ancient ornaments. Salmoning them, we begin to understand that the language of the symbols of the ancestors transferred us his attitude towards nature. Looking in front of her, as if, asking her mercy, protection, patronage, an ancient master pulled a kind of spells in the form of an ornament.
Note that the people carefully selected from many signs and carefully kept only those that, in his opinion, contributed to good, good crop, abundance, good luck.

The essence of Oberegov

The essence of the observes is exactly the title: Their calling is to protect people, especially during the years of the Liphetia, during the periods of military conflicts, terrorist acts and other adversity. In other words, protect your owner from any directional negative impact, whatever it is and from wherever it proceeds. Negative impacts can be purely physical influences - such as diseases (caused by, by the way, often not only natural reasons, but also overwhelmed by us as a result of the evil eye or damage). Chambers can protect their owner and from any impact on his psyche, per soul, on the emotional sphere. They will guard you from imposing someone else's will, love spells, suddenness from outside and from heavy depression.

Alers are experimentally, for many centuries, selected magic items, having studied who our ancestors came to the conclusion that they can guard us to protect us from unfriendly forces. Airs are different. These are beads, bracelets, coast of embroidery on clothes, whose patterns are stylized symbols of the ancient gods or patrons of the genus, decorations on the windows, shutters, platbands, over the porch and roof, over the gate of the house.

Today we practically lost the skills of everyday protection that our ancestors used. And it is unlikely to contribute to our quiet life. With the disappearance of solid daily protection, we turn out to be very easy prey for the unfavorable forces from the shadow world. They easily penetrate our lives, and we most often do not even notice it. We go through doctors, complaining of weakness, irritability, insomnia, general ailment, that "something is wrong with me, the doctor, going on." And how can we help the doctor in these cases? Yes, nothing - such ailment is not his profile at all.

Now let's get on the general reasoning to more privately and try to understand the overama work mechanism from the point of view of its energy information properties and capabilities. The impact of the faucenes is associated with the colors of the spectrum of human aura. Wearing an overlap of the corresponding color, we get the opportunity to quickly patch the energy tributes in a particular part of the aura that may be dangerous for our health and even life. From the point of view of a person who can see the aura, it will look like an increase in the luminescence of a certain color of the aura when equipping the overag (more about the colors will be told at the end of the article).

What kind of charms can we come in handy? Of course, your personal, transferable inheritance will be the most strongest: earrings, rings or rings, beads - any thing that, according to legend, brings happiness in family life. More often such items are transmitted to the women's line - rings and earrings, for men less - knives, belts buckles. If there are no such things in your family, they will have to choose themselves, and it is not easy if you do not have pronounced extrasensory abilities. Therefore, let's talk about the most simple, but at the same time a very effective means. These are coated embroidery. Easitive follows Flowers and figures carrying a traditional guarding meaning: silhouettes of a horse, dogs, roosters or a fabulous bird with a female face. These symbols of the time of the cults of the reverence of the pagan gods and symbolize the people who are friendly proteging magic beings. Especially convenient to use coasting embroidery and appliques for children's clothing, as the babies are hard to constantly wear beads, rings or bracelets.
In general, there is such a law: a truly strong charm cannot be bought. He must "find" among things that were passed in inheritance in your family. It happens not so often. But any tradition should start any tradition, because true? Why, if there are still traditional faces in your family, it is not to create such a thing that he was transmitted then from hand to hand - to your children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren? Let's try?

Traditional symbolism in embroidery
Signs

1) Wavy line - water sign. The rain is depicted by vertical lines, rivers, underground water - horizontal, "celestial pests" - horizontal.
2) Romovnik (six-pointed cross in a circle or hexagon). Thunder sign (and Perun). Used as a charm of lightning; Also is a military warrant.
3) Square (or rhombus), shared by a cross into four parts - (plowed field). If there are points inside there is a seeded field. These are signs of land and fertility.
4) Bells (cross in a circle). Sun sign. Bloach and disgust of evil, closedness sign.
5) Krand ("lattice") - fire sign. Krand - sacrificial or funeral fire.
6) Cressing (equilateral cross: straight or oblique) - sign of fire (and God fire - Aguni).
7) Month - Moon sign, month. Known Pendants "Lunnica".
Cocking comb with seven sites - fire sign.
9) Horn of abundance. Sign of wealth, abundance.
10) Yarma (Swastika). Otherwise - Koklet. Options for drawing there is a huge amount. Yarma - Sun sign (and, accordingly, the gods of the Sun: Horsa, Dazhiboga, etc.). In the direction of rotation (embonod's \\ anti-zolon) distinguish the sign of the light sun (Sun Yavi) and the sign of the Dark Sun (Navi sun). The Sun of Javi is a beneficial, creative force; Navi Sun is destructive power. According to Slavic myths, after sunset, the Sun illuminated the underground (Nava), hence the name. We know that the sun is not underground at night, but in the presence of a destructive aspect of the Sun, it is difficult to doubt ... There are two interpretations for determining the direction of rotation of the sign; Traditional, as far as I know, this is: the ends of the rays bend against the direction of rotation.
11) Tree (most often a Christmas tree) is a symbol of the relationship of everything in the world, a symbol of long life.
12) Spiral - a symbol of wisdom; If the color gamut is blue-violet - intimate knowledge. The most powerful disgusting sign for all the dark entities of the shadow world - if the color is red, white, or black.
13) triangle - human symbol; Especially if accompanied by small dots or circles from the vertex. Symbol of human communication.

Gods

Woman with raised palms: Maku
With omitted: Lada.
You are worthy of all, they are depicted with deer on the sides. These goddesses were identified with two northern constellations - a big bear and small. As you know, these constellations were used to be eliminated in Russia.

Live creatures

1) Bull - Veles sign.
2) Wolf - Yarily sign.
3) Raven - a sign of wisdom and death, Veles.
4) Tree - a sign of life and fertility; or - the universe (world tree).
5) Snakes - the sign of the Earth, wisdom, Veles. Located with the lower world.
6) Horse - Sign Sign, Sunny Gods.
7) Swan - Mary sign, death, winter.
Bear is a sign of Veles.
9) Olenich (Vazhenka) or Losich - the sign of the goddesses of fertility (rolling).
10) Eagle - Thunder sign, Perun.
11) Rooster - fire sign, Aguni.
12) Falcon - fire sign, Aguni. It is believed that "Trinub" (Coat of Arms Rurikovich and modern Ukraine) is a stylized image of a falcon in flight.
13) Cuckoo - a sign of life, alive.
14) Kozlov - a sign of fertility, fertility.
15) Pig - a sign of fertility, abundance.

COLORS

Specifically, the colors of the Oberega are associated with the protection of one of the seven chakras of a person. Red - for the lowest, located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tailbone and is responsible for the urinary system, the rectum, the musculoskeletal system. Orange - for the second, located for several fingers below the navel that is responsible for sex and kidneys. Yellow - for the third chakra (the area of \u200b\u200bsolar plexus) - the center of vital energy, which is also responsible for all the organs of the abdominal cavity. Green - for the fourth, heart chakra. It controls the activity not only the heart, but also the lungs, spine, hands, is responsible for our emotions. Blue - for fifth, throat, responsible for the respiratory organs and hearing, throat and skin, as well as the creative potential of man. Blue - for the sixth (third-eye zone), responsible for our intellectual abilities. Purple - for the seventh (tech), binding us with the highest forces, with God.

1) white. Associated with the idea of \u200b\u200blight, purity and priesthood (white light, white king - above kings king, etc.); At the same time - the color of death, mourning.
2) Red - fire, (and sun - like heavenly fire), blood (vital force).
3) Green - vegetation, life.
4) Black - Earth.
5) Golden - the sun.
6) Blue - sky, water.
7) Purple is rarely found in Russian embroidery.

Now you only have to try to fold everything together - the color, the type of thread, the pattern - and make the coated embroidery for a loved one, deciding first of all, from what trouble you protect him.

Mironova love. (Kupavushka) Producer Center "Light Rus".