, Anatoly, Vitaly, Alexander
Order of Suvorov, 1st degree, Higher Military Academy named after. K. E. Voroshilova ()
Soviet-Finnish War,
The Great Patriotic War, Operation Danube.
Vasily Filippovich Margelov(ukr. Vasil Pilipovich Margelov, Belarusian Vasil Pilipavych Margela, December 14 (27), Yekaterinoslav, Russian Empire - March 4, Moscow, RSFSR, USSR) - Soviet military leader, commander of the Airborne Forces in - and -1979, Army General (1967), Hero of the Soviet Union (), laureate USSR State Prize (), Candidate of Military Sciences (1968).
Biography
Youth years
V. F. Markelov (later Margelov) was born on December 14 (27), 1908 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnieper, Ukraine), into a family of immigrants from Belarus. Father - Philip Ivanovich Markelov, metallurgist (surname Mar To elov from Vasily Filippovich was subsequently written down as Mar G ate due to an error in the party card).
In 1913, the Markelov family returned to the homeland of Philip Ivanovich - to the town of Kostyukovichi, Klimovichi district, Mogilev province. V.F. Margelov’s mother, Agafya Stepanovna, was from the neighboring Bobruisk district of Minsk province. According to some information, V. F. Margelov graduated from a parochial school in 1921. As a teenager he worked as a loader and carpenter. In the same year, he entered the leather workshop as an apprentice and soon became an assistant master. In 1923, he became a laborer at the local Khleboproduct. There is information that he graduated from a rural youth school and worked as a forwarder delivering mail on the Kostyukovichi-Khotimsk line.
Since 1924 he worked in Yekaterinoslav at the mine named after. M.I. Kalinin as a laborer, then a horse driver (driver of horses pulling trolleys).
In 1925, he was sent again to the BSSR, as a forester at a timber industry enterprise. He worked in Kostyukovichi, in 1927 he became the chairman of the working committee of the timber industry enterprise, and was elected to the local Council.
Start of service
In the airborne troops
V. F. Margelov
After the war in command positions. Since 1948, after graduating from the Order of Suvorov, 1st degree, from the Higher Military Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov, he was the commander of the 76th Guards Chernigov Red Banner Airborne Division.
From 1954 to 1959 - Commander of the Airborne Forces. In March 1959, after an emergency in the artillery regiment of the 76th Airborne Division (gang rape of civilian women), he was demoted to 1st Deputy Commander of the Airborne Forces. From July 1961 to January 1979 - again commander of the Airborne Forces.
On October 28, 1967, he was awarded the military rank of “Army General”. He led the actions of the Airborne Forces during the entry of troops into Czechoslovakia (Operation Danube).
During his service in the Airborne Forces he made more than sixty jumps. The last of them is at the age of 65.
Died March 4, 1990. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Contribution to the formation and development of the Airborne Forces
In the history of the Airborne Forces, and in the Armed Forces of Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, his name will remain forever. He personified an entire era in the development and formation of the Airborne Forces; their authority and popularity are associated with his name not only in our country, but also abroad...
…IN. F. Margelov realized that in modern operations only highly mobile landing forces capable of wide maneuver can operate successfully deep behind enemy lines. He categorically rejected the idea of holding the area captured by the landing forces until the approach of troops advancing from the front using the method of rigid defense as disastrous, because in this case the landing force would be quickly destroyed.
Under the leadership of Margelov for more than twenty years, the airborne troops became one of the most mobile in the combat structure of the Armed Forces, prestigious for service in them, especially revered by the people... A photograph of Vasily Filippovich in demobilization albums was sold to soldiers at the highest price - for a set of badges. The competition for the Ryazan Airborne School exceeded the numbers of VGIK and GITIS, and applicants who missed out on exams lived in the forests near Ryazan for two or three months, until the snow and frosts, in the hope that someone would not withstand the load and it would be possible to take his place . The spirit of the troops was so high that the rest of the Soviet army was classified as “solars” and “screws”.
N. F. Ivanov “Start Operation Storm earlier...”
Theory of combat use
“To fulfill our role in modern operations, it is necessary that our formations and units be highly maneuverable, covered with armor, have sufficient fire efficiency, be well controlled, capable of landing at any time of the day and quickly proceed to active combat operations after landing. This, by and large, is the ideal to which we should strive.”
To achieve these goals, under the leadership of Margelov, a concept of the role and place of the Airborne Forces in modern strategic operations in various theaters of military operations was developed. Margelov wrote a number of works on this topic, and on December 4, 1968, he successfully defended his candidate's dissertation (awarded the academic degree of Candidate of Military Sciences by decision of the Council of the Military Order of Lenin, Red Banner Order of Suvorov Academy named after M. V. Frunze). In practical terms, Airborne Forces exercises and command meetings were regularly held.
Armament
It was necessary to bridge the gap between the theory of the combat use of the Airborne Forces and the existing organizational structure of the troops, as well as the capabilities of military transport aviation. Having assumed the position of Commander, Margelov received troops consisting mainly of infantry with light weapons and military transport aviation (as an integral part of the Airborne Forces), which was equipped with Li-2, Il-14, Tu-2 and Tu-2 aircraft. 4 with significantly limited landing capabilities. In fact, the Airborne Forces were not capable of solving major problems in military operations.
Margelov initiated the creation and serial production at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex of landing equipment, heavy parachute platforms, parachute systems and containers for landing cargo, cargo and human parachutes, parachute devices. “You cannot order equipment, so strive to create in the design bureau, industry, during testing, reliable parachutes, trouble-free operation of heavy airborne equipment,” Margelov said when setting tasks for his subordinates.
Modifications of small arms were created for paratroopers to make them easier to parachute - lighter weight, folding stock.
Especially for the needs of the Airborne Forces in the post-war years, new military equipment was developed and modernized: airborne self-propelled artillery mount ASU-76 (1949), light ASU-57 (1951), amphibious ASU-57 P (1954), self-propelled mount ASU-85, tracked combat vehicle of the Airborne Forces BMD-1 (1969). After the first batches of BMD-1 arrived at the troops, attempts to land the BMP-1, which were unsuccessful, were stopped. A family of weapons was also developed on its basis: self-propelled artillery guns “Nona”, artillery fire control vehicles, command and staff vehicles R-142, long-range radio stations R-141, anti-tank systems, reconnaissance vehicle. Anti-aircraft units and subunits were also equipped with armored personnel carriers, which housed crews with portable systems and ammunition.
By the end of the 1950s, new An-8 and An-12 aircraft were adopted and entered into service with the troops, which had a payload capacity of up to 10-12 tons and a sufficient flight range, which made it possible to land large groups of personnel with standard military equipment and weapons. Later, through the efforts of Margelov, the Airborne Forces received new military transport aircraft - An-22 and Il-76.
At the end of the 1950s, parachute platforms PP-127 appeared in service with the troops, designed for parachute landing of artillery, vehicles, radio stations, engineering equipment and others. Parachute-jet landing aids were created, which, due to the jet thrust created by the engine, made it possible to bring the cargo landing speed closer to zero. Such systems made it possible to significantly reduce the cost of landing by eliminating a large number of large-area domes.
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| BMD-1 with the Reactavr jet landing complex. | |
Family
- Father - Philip Ivanovich Margelov (Markelov) - a metallurgist, became a holder of two St. George's Crosses in the First World War.
- Mother - Agafya Stepanovna, was from Bobruisk district.
- Two brothers - Ivan (eldest), Nikolai (younger) and sister Maria.
V. F. Margelov was married three times:
- On February 21, 2010, a bust of Vasily Margelov was erected in Kherson. The bust of the general is located in the city center near the Youth Palace on Perekopskaya Street.
- On June 5, 2010, a monument to the founder of the Airborne Forces (Airborne Forces) was unveiled in Chisinau, the capital of Moldova. The monument was built with funds from former paratroopers living in Moldova.
- On September 11, 2013, a reinforced concrete monument to the hero of the USSR was installed at school No. 6. The school is named after V.F. Margelov, and there is also an Airborne Forces Museum there.
- On November 4, 2013, a memorial monument to Margelov was unveiled in Victory Park in Nizhny Novgorod.
- Monument to Vasily Filippovich, the sketch of which was made from a famous photograph from a divisional newspaper, in which he, being appointed division commander of the 76th Guards. Airborne Division, preparing for the first jump, is installed in front of the headquarters of the 95th separate airmobile brigade (Ukraine).
- On October 8, 2014, a memorial complex dedicated to the founder of the USSR Airborne Forces, Hero of the Soviet Union, Army General Vasily Margelov was opened in Bendery (Transnistria). The complex is located on the territory of the park near the city House of Culture.
- On May 7, 2014, a monument to Vasily Margelov was unveiled on the territory of the Memorial of Memory and Glory in Nazran (Ingushetia, Russia).
- On June 8, 2014, as part of the celebration of the 230th anniversary of the founding of Simferopol, the Walk of Fame and a bust of Hero of the Soviet Union, Army General, Commander of the Airborne Forces Vasily Margelov were inaugurated.
- On December 27, 2014, on the birthday of Vasily Fillipovich in Saratov, a memorial bust of V. F. Margelov was erected on the Alley of Cossack Glory of the Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 43”.
- On April 25, 2015, in Taganrog in the city center, in the historical park “At the Barrier,” a bust of Vasily Margelov was inaugurated.
- On April 23, 2015, a bust of Airborne Forces General V.F. Margelov was unveiled in Slavyansk-on-Kuban (Krasnodar Territory, Russia).
- On June 12, 2015, a monument to General Vasily Margelov was unveiled in Yaroslavl at the headquarters of the Yaroslavl regional children's and youth military-patriotic public organization TROOPERS named after Guard Sergeant of the Airborne Forces Leonid Palachev.
- On July 18, 2015, a bust of the commander who took part in the liberation of the city during the Second World War was unveiled in Donetsk.
- On August 1, 2015, a monument to General Vasily Margelov was unveiled in Yaroslavl on the eve of the 85th anniversary of the Airborne Forces.
- On September 12, 2015, a monument to Vasily Margelov was unveiled in the city of Krasnoperekopsk (Crimea).
- A monument to V.F. Margelov was erected in Bronnitsy.
- On August 2, 2016, a monument to V.F. Margelov was unveiled in the city of Stary Oskol, Belgorod region, busts
Closely connected with the name of Vasily Filippovich Margelov, who was a talented military leader and army general. For a quarter of a century, he headed the “winged guard” of Russia. His selfless service to the Fatherland and personal courage became an excellent example for many generations of blue berets.
Even during his lifetime, he was already called a legend and paratrooper No. 1. His biography is amazing.
Birth and youth
The hero's homeland is Dnepropetrovsk - the city where Vasily Filippovich Margelov was born on December 27, 1908. His family was quite large and consisted of three sons and a daughter. My father was a simple worker in a hot foundry, so from time to time the future famous military leader Vasily Filippovich Margelov was forced to be in great poverty. The sons actively helped their mother do housework.
Vasily's career began in his early youth - first he studied leather craft, and then began working in a coal mine. Here he was busy pushing coal cars.
The biography of Vasily Filippovich Margelov continues with the fact that in 1928 he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to study in Minsk. It was the United Belarusian School, which over time was renamed the Minsk Military Infantry School. M. I. Kalinina. There, cadet Margelov was an excellent student in many subjects, taking into account fire, tactical and physical training. Upon completion of his studies, he began commanding a machine gun platoon.
From commander to captain
The young commander’s abilities, which he showed from the very beginning of his service, did not go unnoticed by his superiors. Even with the naked eye it was clear that he works well with people and passes on his knowledge to them.
In 1931, he was appointed platoon commander of the regimental school, which specialized in training Red Army commanders. And at the beginning of 1933, Vasily began to command at his native school. His military career at home began with a platoon commander and ended with the rank of captain.
When the Soviet-Finnish campaign was carried out, he commanded a ski reconnaissance and sabotage battalion, whose location was the harsh Arctic. The number of raids on the rear of the Finnish army is in the dozens.
During one of the similar operations, he captured officers of the Swedish General Staff. This displeased the Soviet government, since the supposedly neutral Scandinavian state actually took part in the fighting and supported the Finns. A diplomatic demarche by the Soviet government took place, which influenced the King of Sweden and his cabinet. As a result, he did not send his army to Karelia.
The appearance of vests among paratroopers
The experience that Major Vasily Margelov (his nationality indicated the presence of Belarusian roots) gained at that time was of great benefit in the fall of 1941, when Leningrad was besieged. He was then appointed to lead the First Special Ski Regiment of sailors of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, formed from volunteers. At the same time, rumors spread that he would not be able to take root there, since the sailors are a peculiar people and do not accept any of their land brothers into their ranks. But this prophecy was not destined to come true. Thanks to his intelligence and ingenuity, from the first days he won the favor of his charges. As a result, many glorious feats were accomplished by sailor-skiers commanded by Major Margelov. They fulfilled the tasks and instructions of the Baltic Fleet commander himself
Skiers with their deep, daring raids that were carried out on German rear lines in the winter of 1941-1942 were like a never-ending headache for the German command. One of the striking examples of their history is the landing on the territory of the Ladoga coast in the Lipkinsky and Shlisselburg directions, which so alarmed the Nazi command that Field Marshal von Leeb withdrew troops from Pulkovo to carry out its liquidation. The main purpose of these German troops at that time was to tighten the noose of the blockade of Leningrad.
About 20 years after this, Army Commander General Margelov won the right to wear vests for paratroopers. He wanted them to adopt the tradition of their older brothers, the Marines. Only the stripes on their clothes were a slightly different color - blue, like the sky.
"Striped Death"
The biography of Vasily Filippovich Margelov and his subordinates has many facts indicating that the “marines” under his command fought very famously. Numerous examples demonstrate this. Here's one of them. It turned out that 200 enemy infantry broke through the defenses of the neighboring regiment and settled in the rear of the Margelovites. It was May 1942, when the Marines were not far from Vinyaglovo, near which the Sinyavsky Heights were located. Vasily Filippovich quickly gave the necessary orders. He himself armed himself with a Maxim machine gun. Then 79 fascist soldiers died at his hands, and the rest were destroyed by reinforcements that arrived.
A very interesting fact is the biography of Vasily Filippovich Margelov that during the defense of Leningrad he constantly kept a heavy machine gun nearby. In the morning, a kind of shooting exercise was carried out from it: the captain “trimmed” trees with it. After that, he carried out the chopping with a saber, while sitting on his horse.
During the offensive, he more than once personally raised his regiment to attack and was among the first ranks of his subordinates. And in hand-to-hand combat he had no equal. In connection with such terrible battles, the Marines were nicknamed “striped death” by the German military.
An officer's ration goes into a soldier's cauldron
The biography of Vasily Filippovich Margelov and the history of those ancient events say that he always and everywhere took care of the nutrition of his soldiers. This was almost the most important thing for him in the war. After he began commanding the 13th Guards Regiment in 1942, he began to improve the combat effectiveness of his combat personnel. To do this, Vasily Filippovich improved the organization of nutrition for his fighters.
Then the food was divided: soldiers and sergeants ate separately from the officers of the regiment. At the same time, the latter received an enhanced ration, in which the food supply norm was supplemented with animal oil, canned fish, biscuits or cookies, tobacco, and for non-smokers - chocolate. And, naturally, some of the food for the soldiers also went to the officers’ table. The regiment commander found out about this while making a tour of the units. First, he checked the battalion kitchens and tasted the soldiers' food.
Literally immediately after the arrival of Lieutenant Colonel Margelov, absolutely all the officers began to eat the same thing as the soldiers. He also ordered his food to be given to the general mass. Over time, other officers began to commit such acts.
In addition, he very carefully monitored the condition of the soldiers’ shoes and clothing. The owner of the regiment was very afraid of his boss, because in case of improper performance of his duties, he promised to transfer him to the front line.
Vasily Filippovich was also very strict towards cowards, weak-willed and lazy people. And he punished theft very cruelly, so during his command it was absolutely absent.
“Hot Snow” - a film about Vasily Margelov
In the fall of 1942, Colonel Margelov was appointed commander of the 13th Guards Rifle Regiment. This regiment was part of the 2nd Guards Army, commanded by Lieutenant General R. Ya. Malinovsky. It was specially formed in order to complete the defeat of the enemy who had broken through the Volga steppe. While the regiment was in reserve for two months, the soldiers were seriously preparing for battle. They were led by Vasily Filippovich himself.
Since the time of the defense of Leningrad, Vasily Filippovich became well acquainted with the weak points of fascist tanks. Therefore, now he independently trained tank destroyers. He personally tore out a trench in full profile, used an anti-tank rifle and threw grenades. He did all this in order to train his fighters in the correct conduct of battle.
When his army defended the line of the Myshkovka River, he was hit by a group of Goth tanks. But the Margelovites were not frightened by either the newest Tiger tanks or their number. For five days there was a battle, during which many of our soldiers died. But the regiment survived and retained its combat effectiveness. In addition, his soldiers destroyed almost all enemy tanks, although at the cost of numerous casualties. Not everyone knows that it was these events that became the basis for the script for the film “Hot Snow.”
Despite the concussion received during this battle, Vasily Filippovich did not leave the battle. Margelov celebrated the New Year 1943 together with his subordinates, conducting an assault on the Kotelnikovsky farm. This was the end of the Leningrad epic. Margelov's division received thirteen commendations from the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The final chord was the capture of the SS Panzer Corps in 1945.
On June 24, 1945, during the Victory Parade, General Margelov commanded a front-line combined regiment.
Beginning a career in the Airborne Forces
In 1948, Margelov graduated. After that, the 76th Guards Chernigov Red Banner Airborne Division, which was located in the city of Pskov, came into his possession. He understood well that, despite his already quite advanced age, he had to start all over again. He, as a beginner, must comprehend the entire science of landing from scratch.
The first parachute jump took place when the general was already 40 years old.
The Margelov Airborne Forces he received consisted mainly of infantry, with light weapons and limited landing capabilities. At that time, they could not take on major tasks in military operations. They did a tremendous job: the Russian airborne troops received modern equipment, weapons, and landing equipment at their disposal. He was able to convey to everyone that only highly mobile troops, who can land anywhere at any time and quickly begin active combat operations immediately after landing, can be entrusted with carrying out missions behind enemy lines.
This is also the main theme of many of Margelov’s scientific works. He also defended his Ph.D. thesis on it. Quotes from Vasily Filippovich Margelov, taken from these works, are still very popular among military scientists.
It is thanks to V.F. Margelov that every modern Airborne Forces employee can proudly wear the main attributes of his branch of troops: a blue beret and a blue and white vest.
Brilliant work results
In 1950, he became commander of the airborne corps in the Far East. And four years later he began to head
- “paratrooper No. 1”, who did not need much time for everyone to begin to perceive him not as a simple soldier, but as a person who sees all the prospects of the Airborne Forces, and who wants to make them the elite of all the Armed Forces. To achieve this goal, he broke stereotypes and inertia, won the trust of active people and involved them in joint work. After some time, he was already surrounded by carefully nurtured like-minded people.
In 1970, an operational-strategic exercise called “Dvina” took place, during which, in 22 minutes, about 8 thousand paratroopers and 150 units of military equipment managed to land behind the lines of an imaginary enemy. After this, Russian airborne troops were picked up and dropped into completely unfamiliar terrain.
Over time, Margelov realized that it was necessary to somehow improve the work of the landing troops after landing. Because sometimes the paratroopers were separated from the landing combat vehicle by several kilometers of not always flat ground. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a scheme in which it would be possible to avoid significant losses of time for soldiers to search for their vehicles. Subsequently, Vasily Filippovich nominated himself to conduct the first test of this kind.
Foreign experience
It’s very hard to believe, but in the late 80s, well-known professionals from America did not own equipment that was similar to the Soviet one. They did not know all the secrets of how to land military vehicles with soldiers inside them. Although in the Soviet Union this practice was carried out back in the 70s.
This became known only after one of the demonstration training sessions of the parachute battalion of the “Devil’s Regiment” ended in failure. During the operation, a large number of soldiers inside the equipment were injured. And there were those who died. In addition, most of the cars remained standing where they landed. They were unable to move.
Centaur tests
In the Soviet Union, it all started with General Margelov making the courageous decision to take on the responsibility of a pioneer. In 1972, tests of a completely new Centaur system were in full swing, the main purpose of which was to carry out the landing of people inside their combat vehicles using parachute platforms. Not everything was smooth - there were ruptures of the parachute canopy and failures in the activation of active braking engines. Given the high degree of risk of such experiments, dogs were used to conduct them. During one of them, the dog Buran died.
Western countries also tested similar systems. Only there, for this purpose, living people sentenced to death were put into cars. When the first prisoner died, such development work was deemed inappropriate.
Magerlov realized the degree of riskiness of these operations, but continued to insist on carrying them out. Since over time, dog jumping began to go well, he ensured that fighters began to participate in it.
On January 5, 1973, the legendary jump of the Margelov Airborne Forces took place. For the first time in the history of mankind, a BMD-1 with soldiers inside was landed using parachute-platform means. They were Major L. Zuev and Lieutenant A. Margelov, who was the eldest son of the commander-in-chief. Only a very courageous person would be able to send his own son to carry out such a complex and unpredictable experiment.
Vasily Filippovich was awarded the USSR State Prize for this heroic innovation.
"Centaur" was soon changed to "Reactaur". Its main feature was its four times higher rate of descent, which significantly reduced vulnerability to enemy fire. All the time, work was carried out to improve this system.
Margelov Vasily Filippovich, whose statements are passed on from mouth to mouth, treated the soldiers with great love and respect. He believed that it was these simple workers who forged victory with their own hands. He often came to see them in the barracks, the canteen, and visited them at the training ground and in the hospital. He felt boundless faith in his paratroopers, and they responded to him with love and devotion.
On March 4, 1990, the hero’s heart stopped. The place where Vasily Filippovich Margelov is buried is Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. But the memory of him and his heroic life is still alive. This is evidenced not only by the monument to Margelov. It is kept by airborne troops and veterans of the Great Patriotic War.
It happened in 1939, in Western Belarus, shortly before the parade of allied troops - the Soviet Union and Germany - in Brest. The intelligence directorate of the Belorussian Front received instructions from Moscow to obtain a secret gas mask from the Germans. The task was very responsible - the scouts were required to work cleanly, leaving no traces, and there was practically no time allotted for preparing the operation.
After discussing the candidacy, the choice fell on the division intelligence chief, Captain Margelov. “The captain is a combat commander, savvy, daring, let him try, what if his guys succeed on the fly. In the meantime, we will carefully prepare several more groups of reconnaissance officers, for backup,” reasoned the higher headquarters.
Since there was no time to prepare for the task and knowing that the chief of staff and the head of the division’s special department were heading to the Germans, my father, having carefully thought through everything, reported the decision to the division commander. “The task is delicate, it requires one person to complete it, but with good cover,” he said. “I have daring, well-trained intelligence officers, but nevertheless I ask that you allow me to carry out the task personally. I will go with my superiors to the location of the German troops to divide the territory, and then I will act according to the situation. At the same time, in my battalion I set the task for my subordinates to practice the operation.”
The division commander shook the captain's hand and ordered him to get ready to go. “The car is in half an hour, the bosses will know about our mission, but will not be able to help. All responsibility is on you. Good luck, captain. I will wait for your return, but if you get caught by the Germans, rely only on yourself.”
Negotiations continued for several days. Things went according to plan. Finally, snacks and drinks appeared on the tables. Toasts began, which my father later recalled with a bitter smile. All this time he quietly observed what was happening around. Suddenly he saw two German soldiers walking past the door into the courtyard, which was open due to the heat, with the gas masks he needed.
Pretending to be slightly drunk and portraying an embarrassed smile, the father asked permission from the chief of staff to go out “before the wind.” Those present began to smile, making jokes at the weakling's expense, and allowed him to go.
With an unsteady gait, the captain headed towards the camp toilet, where he noticed “his” Germans. One of them was just going inside, the other remained outside. His father, swaying and smiling, approached him and, as if unable to keep his balance, fell towards him... knife first. Then, cutting off his gas mask and hiding behind the dead man, he burst into his friend’s room. He threw the corpses into the latrine and, making sure that they sank, went outside. Taking both gas masks, he quietly made his way to his car, where he hid them.
Returning to the “negotiation table”, I drank a glass of vodka. The Germans hummed approvingly and began offering him schnapps. However, our commanders, realizing that the scout had completed his job, began to say goodbye. Soon they were already rolling back.
“Well, captain, did you get it?” “Two,” the father boasted. “But don’t forget that we helped you... as best we could,” the special officer said and burped. The chief of staff remained silent. Trees quickly rushed past the windows and a river ahead. The car drives onto the bridge and... suddenly there is an explosion.
When the father came to his senses, he felt a sharp pain in the bridge of his nose and left cheek. He ran his hand - there was blood. He looked around: everyone was killed, the car was in the water, the bridge was destroyed. Clearly, they were blown up by a mine. And then he saw horsemen galloping out of the forest towards the car.
Noticing the movement, they immediately began to shoot. Overcoming the pain, the father fired back. He shot down the lead rider, then the next one... Blood filled his eyes, making it difficult to conduct aimed shooting.
And then the Germans, hearing the shooting, came to the rescue. Having repelled the attack, as it later turned out, by Polish partisans, they took the Russian captain to the hospital, where a German surgeon operated on the bridge of his nose.
When he was brought, bloodied and in bandages, to the location of our division, he immediately fell into the hands of the NKVD. The questions were just right for the occasion: “Why was only one left alive? Why did the Germans bring you? Why did they operate on you, captain?” After this, there were three days of tedious waiting in the basement, until the NKVD officers, according to the father’s testimony, removed the corpses of German soldiers from the latrine with the gas mask mounts cut off and were convinced that the bullets in the bodies of the killed attacking horsemen were fired from his Mauser.
Releasing him, the senior officer with the rank of senior lieutenant, gritting his teeth, hissed: “Go, captain. This time, consider yourself lucky.” The father did not receive any gratitude for completing the task, but he and his friends properly celebrated “freedom” in a local restaurant. The scar on his left cheek remained a memory of those days for the rest of his life...
Sweden remained neutral
During the Soviet-Finnish War (1939-1940), my father commanded a separate reconnaissance ski battalion of the 122nd division. The battalion made daring raids behind enemy lines, set up ambushes, inflicting great damage on the Finns. During one of them, he captured officers of the Swedish General Staff.
“It was extremely difficult to penetrate behind enemy lines - the White Finns were excellent soldiers,” my father recalled. He always respected a worthy opponent, and valued the individual training of Finnish fighters especially highly.
The battalion included graduates of the Lesgaft and Stalin sports institutes, excellent cross-country skiers. One day, having gone ten kilometers into Finnish territory, they discovered a fresh enemy ski track. “We’ll set up an ambush. The first company goes to the right, the second to the left, the third company moves two hundred meters forward and cuts off the enemy’s path to retreat. Take several people prisoner, preferably officers,” the father gave the combat order.
The enemy skiers returning along their ski track did not notice our disguised fighters and came under their fire. During the short and furious battle, my father managed to see that some soldiers and officers had a strange uniform, unlike the Finnish one. None of our soldiers could even think that a meeting with soldiers of a neutral country was possible here. “If they are not in our uniform and together with the Finns, it means they are the enemy,” the commander decided and ordered that the enemies dressed in this strange uniform be captured first.
During the battle, six people were captured. But it turned out to be the Swedes. Delivering them across the front line to the location of our troops was a very difficult task. Not only did they have to literally drag the prisoners on themselves, but they couldn’t be allowed to freeze. In the severe frosts that existed at that time, in conditions of immobility or even inactivity, for example in the case of a serious injury, death occurred very quickly. It was not possible to carry out the bodies of our fallen comrades under these conditions.
They crossed the front line without losses. When we got to our own people, the battalion commander again fell
taught "to the fullest." Again the NKVD, again interrogations.
It was then that he found out who he had captured - Swedish officers who were studying the possibility of participating in the war on the side of Finland of the Swedish Expeditionary Volunteer Force, which had already arrived at the end of January - beginning of February in the Kandalaksha direction. Then they attributed to the battalion commander something like political myopia, they say, he did not recognize the “neutrals”, he took the wrong ones prisoner, they recalled leaving his dead on the battlefield, in general, he could not have avoided a court-martial, and most likely, execution, Yes, the army commander took the commander under protection. Most of the soldiers and officers of the detachment were awarded orders and medals, only the commander was left without a reward. “Nothing,” he joked, “but Sweden remained neutral...”
The defeat and capture of the first military contingent sent to fight against the USSR caused such a depressing resonance in Sweden that until the very end of the military conflict the Swedish government did not dare to send a single soldier to Finland. If only the Swedes knew to whom they owe the preservation of neutrality, and also that Swedish mothers, wives and brides did not have to mourn their sons and loved ones...
On the border of Austria and Czechoslovakia
On May 10, 1945, when our victorious soldiers were already talking about their imminent departure to their homeland, General Margelov received a combat order: on the border of Austria with Czechoslovakia, three SS divisions and the remnants of other units, including the Vlasovites, want to surrender to the Americans. It is necessary to take them prisoner, and in case of resistance, destroy them. For the successful completion of the operation, a second Hero Star was promised...
Having given the combat order, the division commander with several officers in a jeep drove straight to the enemy’s location. It was accompanied by a battery of 57 mm cannons. Soon the chief of staff joined him in another car. They had a machine gun and a box of grenades, not counting personal weapons.
Having arrived at the place, my father ordered: “Set the guns with direct fire at the enemy headquarters and in 10 minutes, if I don’t come out, open fire.” And he loudly ordered the SS men nearby: “Immediately take me to your commanders, I have authority from the higher command to negotiate.”
At enemy headquarters, he demanded immediate unconditional surrender, promising life in return, as well as the preservation of rewards. “Otherwise, complete destruction using all fire weapons of the division,” he ended his speech. Seeing the complete hopelessness of the situation, the SS generals were forced to surrender, emphasizing that they would surrender only to such a brave military general.
My father did not receive any of the promised awards, but the knowledge that a major victory had been won without firing a single shot and without a single loss, that military trophies had been captured, and at the same time the lives of several thousand people, who only yesterday had been enemies, had been saved, gave him satisfaction of a higher order than any even the highest reward.
Vasily Filippovich Margelov was born on December 27, 1908 (old style) in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk) in Ukraine. At the age of 13 you went to work in a mine as a horse-driver? pushed trolleys with coal. He dreamed of studying to become a mining engineer, but on a Komsomol ticket he was sent to the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
In 1928 he entered the United Belarusian Military School named after the Central Executive Committee of the BSSR in Minsk. After successful completion, he was appointed commander of a machine gun platoon of the 99th Infantry Regiment of the 33rd Infantry Division.
From the very first days of his service, his superiors appreciated the young commander’s abilities, his ability to work with people and transfer his knowledge to them. In 1931, he was appointed to the post of platoon commander of the regimental school, and in January 1932? platoon commander at his native school. He taught tactics, fire and physical training. Promoted positions from platoon commander to company commander. Was a maximist| |1 (a shooter with a Maxim system machine gun), was an excellent shooter with other types of weapons, and was a “Voroshilov shooter.”
In 1938, Margelov was already a captain (at that time the first rank of senior officer), battalion commander of the 25th Infantry Regiment of the 8th Infantry Division of the Belarusian Military District, then head of the division's intelligence. The first episode from his rich front-line biography dates back to this period.
During the Soviet-Finnish campaign, as the commander of a ski reconnaissance and sabotage battalion in the harsh conditions of the Arctic, he made dozens of raids on the rear of the White Finnish troops.
He began the Great Patriotic War in July 1941 and went through it to the end, from major to major general: he commanded disciplinarians who covered him with their bodies during shelling, a separate regiment of Baltic sailors on the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, a rifle regiment near Stalingrad, at the turn The Myshkov River broke the backbone of Manstein's tank army. Being the division commander, he crossed the Dnieper, and with a handful of fighters, he held his position for three days without rest or food, ensuring the crossing of his division. An unexpected maneuver from the flank forced the Nazis to flee from Kherson, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and his formation received the honorary name LKherson|. Participated in the liberation of Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Austria. He ended the war with the brilliant bloodless capture of three selected German SS divisions: Death's Head|, Great Germany| and LSS Police Division|.
Was the brave division commander, who had 12 Stalin commendations, given a high honor? command the combined battalion of the 2nd Ukrainian Front at the Victory Parade on Red Square. His battalion walked first, and in the first rank the ten best soldiers and officers of his 49th Guards Kherson Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Rifle Division firmly stamped their steps. Eight wounds at the front, two of them? heavy. His wife Anna Aleksandrovna, a military surgeon, guard captain of the medical service, also went through the entire war and operated on him on the battlefield. Many times Margelov’s life hung by a thread, not only during battles with enemies, but also during investigations by the NKVD. After the war? Academy of the General Staff, after which, at the age of almost 40, he without hesitation accepted the offer to become commander of the Guards Chernigov Airborne Division. Sets an example for young people in skydiving. Since 1954, commander of the airborne forces. Was your father not allowed to celebrate the 50th anniversary of his troops as commander of the Airborne Forces? The Afghan epic began, and he had his own views on the use of airborne units both in tactical and strategic terms. Since January 1979, Army General V.F. Margelov continued to serve in the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense, supervising the airborne troops. On March 4, 1990, Vasily Filippovich passed away. But his memory lives on in the airborne troops, in the hearts of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, and all the people who knew and loved him. He is an honorary soldier of one of the units of the Guards Chernigov Airborne Division. Streets in Omsk, Tula, and the Union of Teenage Airborne Clubs are named after him. The Ryazan Airborne School also bears his name.
, Anatoly, Vitaly, Alexander
Order of Suvorov, 1st degree, Higher Military Academy named after. K. E. Voroshilova ()
Soviet-Finnish War,
The Great Patriotic War, Operation Danube.
Vasily Filippovich Margelov(ukr. Vasil Pilipovich Margelov, Belarusian Vasil Pilipavych Margela, December 14 (27), Yekaterinoslav, Russian Empire - March 4, Moscow, RSFSR, USSR) - Soviet military leader, commander of the Airborne Forces in - and -1979, Army General (1967), Hero of the Soviet Union (), laureate USSR State Prize (), Candidate of Military Sciences (1968).
Biography
Youth years
V. F. Markelov (later Margelov) was born on December 14 (27), 1908 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnieper, Ukraine), into a family of immigrants from Belarus. Father - Philip Ivanovich Markelov, metallurgist (surname Mar To elov from Vasily Filippovich was subsequently written down as Mar G ate due to an error in the party card).
In 1913, the Markelov family returned to the homeland of Philip Ivanovich - to the town of Kostyukovichi, Klimovichi district, Mogilev province. V.F. Margelov’s mother, Agafya Stepanovna, was from the neighboring Bobruisk district of Minsk province. According to some information, V. F. Margelov graduated from a parochial school in 1921. As a teenager he worked as a loader and carpenter. In the same year, he entered the leather workshop as an apprentice and soon became an assistant master. In 1923, he became a laborer at the local Khleboproduct. There is information that he graduated from a rural youth school and worked as a forwarder delivering mail on the Kostyukovichi-Khotimsk line.
Since 1924 he worked in Yekaterinoslav at the mine named after. M.I. Kalinin as a laborer, then a horse driver (driver of horses pulling trolleys).
In 1925, he was sent again to the BSSR, as a forester at a timber industry enterprise. He worked in Kostyukovichi, in 1927 he became the chairman of the working committee of the timber industry enterprise, and was elected to the local Council.
Start of service
In the airborne troops
V. F. Margelov
After the war in command positions. Since 1948, after graduating from the Order of Suvorov, 1st degree, from the Higher Military Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov, he was the commander of the 76th Guards Chernigov Red Banner Airborne Division.
From 1954 to 1959 - Commander of the Airborne Forces. In March 1959, after an emergency in the artillery regiment of the 76th Airborne Division (gang rape of civilian women), he was demoted to 1st Deputy Commander of the Airborne Forces. From July 1961 to January 1979 - again commander of the Airborne Forces.
On October 28, 1967, he was awarded the military rank of “Army General”. He led the actions of the Airborne Forces during the entry of troops into Czechoslovakia (Operation Danube).
During his service in the Airborne Forces he made more than sixty jumps. The last of them is at the age of 65.
Died March 4, 1990. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Contribution to the formation and development of the Airborne Forces
In the history of the Airborne Forces, and in the Armed Forces of Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, his name will remain forever. He personified an entire era in the development and formation of the Airborne Forces; their authority and popularity are associated with his name not only in our country, but also abroad...
…IN. F. Margelov realized that in modern operations only highly mobile landing forces capable of wide maneuver can operate successfully deep behind enemy lines. He categorically rejected the idea of holding the area captured by the landing forces until the approach of troops advancing from the front using the method of rigid defense as disastrous, because in this case the landing force would be quickly destroyed.
Under the leadership of Margelov for more than twenty years, the airborne troops became one of the most mobile in the combat structure of the Armed Forces, prestigious for service in them, especially revered by the people... A photograph of Vasily Filippovich in demobilization albums was sold to soldiers at the highest price - for a set of badges. The competition for the Ryazan Airborne School exceeded the numbers of VGIK and GITIS, and applicants who missed out on exams lived in the forests near Ryazan for two or three months, until the snow and frosts, in the hope that someone would not withstand the load and it would be possible to take his place . The spirit of the troops was so high that the rest of the Soviet army was classified as “solars” and “screws”.
N. F. Ivanov “Start Operation Storm earlier...”
Theory of combat use
“To fulfill our role in modern operations, it is necessary that our formations and units be highly maneuverable, covered with armor, have sufficient fire efficiency, be well controlled, capable of landing at any time of the day and quickly proceed to active combat operations after landing. This, by and large, is the ideal to which we should strive.”
To achieve these goals, under the leadership of Margelov, a concept of the role and place of the Airborne Forces in modern strategic operations in various theaters of military operations was developed. Margelov wrote a number of works on this topic, and on December 4, 1968, he successfully defended his candidate's dissertation (awarded the academic degree of Candidate of Military Sciences by decision of the Council of the Military Order of Lenin, Red Banner Order of Suvorov Academy named after M. V. Frunze). In practical terms, Airborne Forces exercises and command meetings were regularly held.
Armament
It was necessary to bridge the gap between the theory of the combat use of the Airborne Forces and the existing organizational structure of the troops, as well as the capabilities of military transport aviation. Having assumed the position of Commander, Margelov received troops consisting mainly of infantry with light weapons and military transport aviation (as an integral part of the Airborne Forces), which was equipped with Li-2, Il-14, Tu-2 and Tu-2 aircraft. 4 with significantly limited landing capabilities. In fact, the Airborne Forces were not capable of solving major problems in military operations.
Margelov initiated the creation and serial production at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex of landing equipment, heavy parachute platforms, parachute systems and containers for landing cargo, cargo and human parachutes, parachute devices. “You cannot order equipment, so strive to create in the design bureau, industry, during testing, reliable parachutes, trouble-free operation of heavy airborne equipment,” Margelov said when setting tasks for his subordinates.
Modifications of small arms were created for paratroopers to make them easier to parachute - lighter weight, folding stock.
Especially for the needs of the Airborne Forces in the post-war years, new military equipment was developed and modernized: airborne self-propelled artillery mount ASU-76 (1949), light ASU-57 (1951), amphibious ASU-57 P (1954), self-propelled mount ASU-85, tracked combat vehicle of the Airborne Forces BMD-1 (1969). After the first batches of BMD-1 arrived at the troops, attempts to land the BMP-1, which were unsuccessful, were stopped. A family of weapons was also developed on its basis: self-propelled artillery guns “Nona”, artillery fire control vehicles, command and staff vehicles R-142, long-range radio stations R-141, anti-tank systems, reconnaissance vehicle. Anti-aircraft units and subunits were also equipped with armored personnel carriers, which housed crews with portable systems and ammunition.
By the end of the 1950s, new An-8 and An-12 aircraft were adopted and entered into service with the troops, which had a payload capacity of up to 10-12 tons and a sufficient flight range, which made it possible to land large groups of personnel with standard military equipment and weapons. Later, through the efforts of Margelov, the Airborne Forces received new military transport aircraft - An-22 and Il-76.
At the end of the 1950s, parachute platforms PP-127 appeared in service with the troops, designed for parachute landing of artillery, vehicles, radio stations, engineering equipment and others. Parachute-jet landing aids were created, which, due to the jet thrust created by the engine, made it possible to bring the cargo landing speed closer to zero. Such systems made it possible to significantly reduce the cost of landing by eliminating a large number of large-area domes.
| External images | |
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| BMD-1 with the Reactavr jet landing complex. | |
Family
- Father - Philip Ivanovich Margelov (Markelov) - a metallurgist, became a holder of two St. George's Crosses in the First World War.
- Mother - Agafya Stepanovna, was from Bobruisk district.
- Two brothers - Ivan (eldest), Nikolai (younger) and sister Maria.
V. F. Margelov was married three times:
- On February 21, 2010, a bust of Vasily Margelov was erected in Kherson. The bust of the general is located in the city center near the Youth Palace on Perekopskaya Street.
- On June 5, 2010, a monument to the founder of the Airborne Forces (Airborne Forces) was unveiled in Chisinau, the capital of Moldova. The monument was built with funds from former paratroopers living in Moldova.
- On September 11, 2013, a reinforced concrete monument to the hero of the USSR was installed at school No. 6. The school is named after V.F. Margelov, and there is also an Airborne Forces Museum there.
- On November 4, 2013, a memorial monument to Margelov was unveiled in Victory Park in Nizhny Novgorod.
- Monument to Vasily Filippovich, the sketch of which was made from a famous photograph from a divisional newspaper, in which he, being appointed division commander of the 76th Guards. Airborne Division, preparing for the first jump, is installed in front of the headquarters of the 95th separate airmobile brigade (Ukraine).
- On October 8, 2014, a memorial complex dedicated to the founder of the USSR Airborne Forces, Hero of the Soviet Union, Army General Vasily Margelov was opened in Bendery (Transnistria). The complex is located on the territory of the park near the city House of Culture.
- On May 7, 2014, a monument to Vasily Margelov was unveiled on the territory of the Memorial of Memory and Glory in Nazran (Ingushetia, Russia).
- On June 8, 2014, as part of the celebration of the 230th anniversary of the founding of Simferopol, the Walk of Fame and a bust of Hero of the Soviet Union, Army General, Commander of the Airborne Forces Vasily Margelov were inaugurated.
- On December 27, 2014, on the birthday of Vasily Fillipovich in Saratov, a memorial bust of V. F. Margelov was erected on the Alley of Cossack Glory of the Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 43”.
- On April 25, 2015, in Taganrog in the city center, in the historical park “At the Barrier,” a bust of Vasily Margelov was inaugurated.
- On April 23, 2015, a bust of Airborne Forces General V.F. Margelov was unveiled in Slavyansk-on-Kuban (Krasnodar Territory, Russia).
- On June 12, 2015, a monument to General Vasily Margelov was unveiled in Yaroslavl at the headquarters of the Yaroslavl regional children's and youth military-patriotic public organization TROOPERS named after Guard Sergeant of the Airborne Forces Leonid Palachev.
- On July 18, 2015, a bust of the commander who took part in the liberation of the city during the Second World War was unveiled in Donetsk.
- On August 1, 2015, a monument to General Vasily Margelov was unveiled in Yaroslavl on the eve of the 85th anniversary of the Airborne Forces.
- On September 12, 2015, a monument to Vasily Margelov was unveiled in the city of Krasnoperekopsk (Crimea).
- A monument to V.F. Margelov was erected in Bronnitsy.
- On August 2, 2016, a monument to V.F. Margelov was unveiled in the city of Stary Oskol, Belgorod region, busts
It happened in 1939, in Western Belarus, shortly before the parade of allied troops - the Soviet Union and Germany - in Brest. The intelligence directorate of the Belorussian Front received instructions from Moscow to obtain a secret gas mask from the Germans. The task was very responsible - the scouts were required to work cleanly, leaving no traces, and there was practically no time allotted for preparing the operation.
After discussing the candidacy, the choice fell on the division intelligence chief, Captain Margelov. “The captain is a combat commander, savvy, daring, let him try, what if his guys succeed on the fly. In the meantime, we will carefully prepare several more groups of reconnaissance officers, for backup,” reasoned the higher headquarters.
Since there was no time to prepare for the task and knowing that the chief of staff and the head of the division’s special department were heading to the Germans, my father, having carefully thought through everything, reported the decision to the division commander. “The task is delicate, it requires one person to complete it, but with good cover,” he said. “I have daring, well-trained intelligence officers, but nevertheless I ask that you allow me to carry out the task personally. I will go with my superiors to the location of the German troops to divide the territory, and then I will act according to the situation. At the same time, in my battalion I set the task for my subordinates to practice the operation.”
The division commander shook the captain's hand and ordered him to get ready to go. “The car is in half an hour, the bosses will know about our mission, but will not be able to help. All responsibility is on you. Good luck, captain. I will wait for your return, but if you get caught by the Germans, rely only on yourself.”
Negotiations continued for several days. Things went according to plan. Finally, snacks and drinks appeared on the tables. Toasts began, which my father later recalled with a bitter smile. All this time he quietly observed what was happening around. Suddenly he saw two German soldiers walking past the door into the courtyard, which was open due to the heat, with the gas masks he needed.
Pretending to be slightly drunk and portraying an embarrassed smile, the father asked permission from the chief of staff to go out “before the wind.” Those present began to smile, making jokes at the weakling's expense, and allowed him to go.
With an unsteady gait, the captain headed towards the camp toilet, where he noticed “his” Germans. One of them was just going inside, the other remained outside. His father, swaying and smiling, approached him and, as if unable to keep his balance, fell towards him... knife first. Then, cutting off his gas mask and hiding behind the dead man, he burst into his friend’s room. He threw the corpses into the latrine and, making sure that they sank, went outside. Taking both gas masks, he quietly made his way to his car, where he hid them.
Best of the day
Returning to the “negotiation table”, I drank a glass of vodka. The Germans hummed approvingly and began offering him schnapps. However, our commanders, realizing that the scout had completed his job, began to say goodbye. Soon they were already rolling back.
“Well, captain, did you get it?” “Two,” the father boasted. “But don’t forget that we helped you... as best we could,” the special officer said and burped. The chief of staff remained silent. Trees quickly rushed past the windows and a river ahead. The car drives onto the bridge and... suddenly there is an explosion.
When the father came to his senses, he felt a sharp pain in the bridge of his nose and left cheek. He ran his hand - there was blood. He looked around: everyone was killed, the car was in the water, the bridge was destroyed. Clearly, they were blown up by a mine. And then he saw horsemen galloping out of the forest towards the car.
Noticing the movement, they immediately began to shoot. Overcoming the pain, the father fired back. He shot down the lead rider, then the next one... Blood filled his eyes, making it difficult to conduct aimed shooting.
And then the Germans, hearing the shooting, came to the rescue. Having repelled the attack, as it later turned out, by Polish partisans, they took the Russian captain to the hospital, where a German surgeon operated on the bridge of his nose.
When he was brought, bloodied and in bandages, to the location of our division, he immediately fell into the hands of the NKVD. The questions were just right for the occasion: “Why was only one left alive? Why did the Germans bring you? Why did they operate on you, captain?” After this, there were three days of tedious waiting in the basement, until the NKVD officers, according to the father’s testimony, removed the corpses of German soldiers from the latrine with the gas mask mounts cut off and were convinced that the bullets in the bodies of the killed attacking horsemen were fired from his Mauser.
Releasing him, the senior officer with the rank of senior lieutenant, gritting his teeth, hissed: “Go, captain. This time, consider yourself lucky.” The father did not receive any gratitude for completing the task, but he and his friends properly celebrated “freedom” in a local restaurant. The scar on his left cheek remained a memory of those days for the rest of his life...
Sweden remained neutral
During the Soviet-Finnish War (1939-1940), my father commanded a separate reconnaissance ski battalion of the 122nd division. The battalion made daring raids behind enemy lines, set up ambushes, inflicting great damage on the Finns. During one of them, he captured officers of the Swedish General Staff.
“It was extremely difficult to penetrate behind enemy lines - the White Finns were excellent soldiers,” my father recalled. He always respected a worthy opponent, and valued the individual training of Finnish fighters especially highly.
The battalion included graduates of the Lesgaft and Stalin sports institutes, excellent cross-country skiers. One day, having gone ten kilometers into Finnish territory, they discovered a fresh enemy ski track. “We’ll set up an ambush. The first company goes to the right, the second to the left, the third company moves two hundred meters forward and cuts off the enemy’s path to retreat. Take several people prisoner, preferably officers,” the father gave the combat order.
The enemy skiers returning along their ski track did not notice our disguised fighters and came under their fire. During the short and furious battle, my father managed to see that some soldiers and officers had a strange uniform, unlike the Finnish one. None of our soldiers could even think that a meeting with soldiers of a neutral country was possible here. “If they are not in our uniform and together with the Finns, it means they are the enemy,” the commander decided and ordered that the enemies dressed in this strange uniform be captured first.
During the battle, six people were captured. But it turned out to be the Swedes. Delivering them across the front line to the location of our troops was a very difficult task. Not only did they have to literally drag the prisoners on themselves, but they couldn’t be allowed to freeze. In the severe frosts that existed at that time, in conditions of immobility or even inactivity, for example in the case of a serious injury, death occurred very quickly. It was not possible to carry out the bodies of our fallen comrades under these conditions.
They crossed the front line without losses. When they got to their own people, the battalion commander again got "all out." Again the NKVD, again interrogations.
It was then that he found out who he had captured - Swedish officers who were studying the possibility of participating in the war on the side of Finland of the Swedish Expeditionary Volunteer Force, which had already arrived at the end of January - beginning of February in the Kandalaksha direction. Then they attributed to the battalion commander something like political myopia, they say, he did not recognize the “neutrals”, he took the wrong ones prisoner, they recalled leaving his dead on the battlefield, in general, he could not have avoided a court-martial, and most likely, execution, Yes, the army commander took the commander under protection. Most of the soldiers and officers of the detachment were awarded orders and medals, only the commander was left without a reward. “Nothing,” he joked, “but Sweden remained neutral...”
The defeat and capture of the first military contingent sent to fight against the USSR caused such a depressing resonance in Sweden that until the very end of the military conflict the Swedish government did not dare to send a single soldier to Finland. If only the Swedes knew to whom they owe the preservation of neutrality, and also that Swedish mothers, wives and brides did not have to mourn their sons and loved ones...
On the border of Austria and Czechoslovakia
On May 10, 1945, when our victorious soldiers were already talking about their imminent departure to their homeland, General Margelov received a combat order: on the border of Austria with Czechoslovakia, three SS divisions and the remnants of other units, including the Vlasovites, want to surrender to the Americans. It is necessary to take them prisoner, and in case of resistance, destroy them. For the successful completion of the operation, a second Hero Star was promised...
Having given the combat order, the division commander with several officers in a jeep drove straight to the enemy’s location. It was accompanied by a battery of 57 mm cannons. Soon the chief of staff joined him in another car. They had a machine gun and a box of grenades, not counting personal weapons.
Having arrived at the place, my father ordered: “Set the guns with direct fire at the enemy headquarters and in 10 minutes, if I don’t come out, open fire.” And he loudly ordered the SS men nearby: “Immediately take me to your commanders, I have authority from the higher command to negotiate.”
At enemy headquarters, he demanded immediate unconditional surrender, promising life in return, as well as the preservation of rewards. “Otherwise, complete destruction using all fire weapons of the division,” he ended his speech. Seeing the complete hopelessness of the situation, the SS generals were forced to surrender, emphasizing that they would surrender only to such a brave military general.
My father did not receive any of the promised awards, but the knowledge that a major victory had been won without firing a single shot and without a single loss, that military trophies had been captured, and at the same time the lives of several thousand people, who only yesterday had been enemies, had been saved, gave him satisfaction of a higher order than any even the highest reward.
Vasily Filippovich Margelov was born on December 27, 1908 (old style) in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk) in Ukraine. At the age of 13 you went to work in a mine as a horse-driver? pushed trolleys with coal. He dreamed of studying to become a mining engineer, but on a Komsomol ticket he was sent to the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
In 1928 he entered the United Belarusian Military School named after the Central Executive Committee of the BSSR in Minsk. After successful completion, he was appointed commander of a machine gun platoon of the 99th Infantry Regiment of the 33rd Infantry Division.
From the very first days of his service, his superiors appreciated the young commander’s abilities, his ability to work with people and transfer his knowledge to them. In 1931, he was appointed to the post of platoon commander of the regimental school, and in January 1932? platoon commander at his native school. He taught tactics, fire and physical training. Promoted positions from platoon commander to company commander. Was a maximist| |1 (a shooter with a Maxim system machine gun), was an excellent shooter with other types of weapons, and was a “Voroshilov shooter.”
In 1938, Margelov was already a captain (at that time the first rank of senior officer), battalion commander of the 25th Infantry Regiment of the 8th Infantry Division of the Belarusian Military District, then head of the division's intelligence. The first episode from his rich front-line biography dates back to this period.
During the Soviet-Finnish campaign, as the commander of a ski reconnaissance and sabotage battalion in the harsh conditions of the Arctic, he made dozens of raids on the rear of the White Finnish troops.
He began the Great Patriotic War in July 1941 and went through it to the end, from major to major general: he commanded disciplinarians who covered him with their bodies during shelling, a separate regiment of Baltic sailors on the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, a rifle regiment near Stalingrad, at the turn The Myshkov River broke the backbone of Manstein's tank army. Being the division commander, he crossed the Dnieper, and with a handful of fighters, he held his position for three days without rest or food, ensuring the crossing of his division. An unexpected maneuver from the flank forced the Nazis to flee from Kherson, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and his formation received the honorary name LKherson|. Participated in the liberation of Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Austria. He ended the war with the brilliant bloodless capture of three selected German SS divisions: Death's Head|, Great Germany| and LSS Police Division|.
Was the brave division commander, who had 12 Stalin commendations, given a high honor? command the combined battalion of the 2nd Ukrainian Front at the Victory Parade on Red Square. His battalion walked first, and in the first rank the ten best soldiers and officers of his 49th Guards Kherson Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Rifle Division firmly stamped their steps. Eight wounds at the front, two of them? heavy. His wife Anna Aleksandrovna, a military surgeon, guard captain of the medical service, also went through the entire war and operated on him on the battlefield. Many times Margelov’s life hung by a thread, not only during battles with enemies, but also during investigations by the NKVD. After the war? Academy of the General Staff, after which, at the age of almost 40, he without hesitation accepted the offer to become commander of the Guards Chernigov Airborne Division. Sets an example for young people in skydiving. Since 1954, commander of the airborne forces. Was your father not allowed to celebrate the 50th anniversary of his troops as commander of the Airborne Forces? The Afghan epic began, and he had his own views on the use of airborne units both in tactical and strategic terms. Since January 1979, Army General V.F. Margelov continued to serve in the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense, supervising the airborne troops. On March 4, 1990, Vasily Filippovich passed away. But his memory lives on in the airborne troops, in the hearts of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, and all the people who knew and loved him. He is an honorary soldier of one of the units of the Guards Chernigov Airborne Division. Streets in Omsk, Tula, and the Union of Teenage Airborne Clubs are named after him. The Ryazan Airborne School also bears his name.
Problem in biography
ACKET 03.08.2007 05:09:31
There is one moment there where it is described how he stabbed 2 Germans and threw them into the toilet. And then the NKVD officers took them out and hit them with bullets fired from a Mauser!! Captain Margelov was acquitted... And it also says that he is not a Siberian, but comes from Ukraine... Where is the reliable information?