The assault and capture of Hadzhibay by the Russian troops 14 (25) September 1789. It would hardly be such a significant event and the date in the annals of the Russian history, if this day did not become a chronological point of the chronicle of the Escape of the Odessa. But since this fact has long been completely obvious to descendants, it is clear that great interest, which manifested itself to the details of the fall of the Turkish Fortress of the Yeni Dunya, referred to in Russian documents by Hadjibey castle. However, we will not diminish and purely military importance of the operation carried out on the night from 13 to 14 September under Art. Art. The detachment of Major Deribas. Of course, in a row of bloody and heavy battles in the years of the Russian-Turkish war 1787-1791. This operation did not stand out. But it was not by chance that after all, the salutes thundered in St. Petersburg in honor of Deribas, and did not fail with the victory over Hadzhibey the honor to have to congratulate Osip Mikhailovich, having diligently wished him "winning and continued to earn the laurels."<…> It remains to add that Deribas was awarded the Order of St. George in the third degree for the capture of the Hadzhibey Fortress. Representatives of the regular army and the Ukrainian Cossacks of the Black Sea troops were also not forgotten.
As for the fortress, after a month after it was taken, it was ordered to disappear, which, in turn, was dictated by strategic considerations that existed at that time of the war. But the main thing was done, the place where Odessa appeared, was destined to appear, became liberated from Turkish rule.
"Assez d'Eau!"
After the conquest of the Crimea by the Turks (at the end of the 15th century), the entire Northern Black Sea coast was made by Turkish holds and the Turks staged in Kachibaye, which they renamed Hadzhibay, a small coast. On the night of September 14, 1789, it was taken to the second Turkish war, a Russian detachment under the head of the gen. Maira I. M. De Ribas and was left in the yokes of Russia. At the end of the war, Empress Catherine II, to secure the re-attachment of the area, decided to arrange a military-trading port in the most suitable place of the Black Sea Circle. On May 27, 1794, the Empress signed two rescripts: one in the name of Ekaterinoslavgago and Tavricago Governor-General of the Graph, and later Prince P. A. Zubova, the following content: "Wanting to spread the trade in the Black Sea and respecting the profitable position of Hajibay and conjugate with it Many benefits recognized we needed to arrange a military harbor in a pier for merchant vessels. We laid the harbor of the de-Ribas on Vice Admiral De Ribas and had to be the mainstallist to be the main boss of Oyoy, where and the rowing fleet of Black Sea, in his team consisting, to continue to have a major location; work under the supervision of General Count Suvorov-Ramnical, who are being repaired from us all the buildings of the fortifications and military in the country of establishments, giving him a manual of the Colonel Engineer of Devolan, which is the plan of the city and the Pier who ordered, commanded to start, not losing time, and the gradual work of it in action. " In the rescript in the name of De Ribas, by the way, it was said: "We hope that you are not currently in fulfillment of this good assumption of our, but what, leading, colic prosperous trade will conspire the benefits of the people's folk and enrichment of the state fertilizes in order to create the city you represented the trading Not a Tokmo safe from stamps, but protection, encouragement, patronage and, in a word, all dependent on you in the affairs of their benefits, hiking, without a doubt, our trafficking in those places will embarrass, and this city will be filled with the residents soon " .
In the same 1794, on August 22, Metropolitan Yekaterinoslavsky and Chersonesos-Taurico Gabriel, accompanied by the clergy, in the presence of the Vice Admiral de Ribas, marine and military ranks, officials sent from the Governor of Croat from Ekaterinoslav, and 2 or 3 Turkish Shopping ships stood on the raid, put the first basic stones for temples in the name of St. Nicholas, St. Catherine et al. And held the first furrow for the foundations of urban structures.
So far, has not found anywhere in renaming Hadzhibay to Odessa. There are only about this two historical tale of anecdotic character. The first one of them is: on one of the court balls, one of the academics told Empress that the new harbor, built on the bank of the Chernago Sea, should eventually have the same meaning as Petersburg for the Baltic Sea of \u200b\u200bthe sea, and then reporting information about the oldest historical destinies This area, argued that the Greek Colony of "Odessos" was in a deep antiquity on the site of Hadzhibay, which means "the Great Trade Way", and that it would be decent to keep his ancient name for the new city. This opinion was supported by the graph of the teeth and Count de Ribas. The Empress smiled and said: "Let Gagzhibay bears an ancient-Ellin name, but in feminine, - in short, and clearly call him" Odessa ". According to another version, the origin of the name Odessa was as follows: "When the Duke of Richelieu shaped to establish the city of Odessa, many of the people close to him, discussing all the benefits of such an enterprise, expressed, by the way that the main difficulty in building a city in this area will be Cover in a lack of fresh water. For warnings - the conversation was in French - the duke was vigorously and repeatedly exclaimed: "Assez d'Eau!" And finally said that the city will be called "Odessa". When the duke surrounded him asked him, which means this word, he answered categorically: "Assez d'Eau! - Lash, which is not guessing. " But, to the surprise of the Duke, among those present were found alone, which the proposed mystery camed out and explained to him that the word "Odessa" represents nothing more than the French words "Assez d'Eau", which means "pretty water", but If you write the French words with Russian letters, it will turn out the word - assedo and read it right to left - will be "Odessa."
Soon Odessa began to settle down with the Greeks, Albanians and Bilia from Novorossia, Velikorsia, Poland and Turkey; Of the Greeks and Albanians, a special military detachment was formed. The number of residents in 1795 was already 2400 people ...
Bookmark Port, Cities and Temples
In 1793, I. Dyribas, F. Dewolan and A.Shostak examined the Black Sea coast. The most convenient for the shopping city and the main port recognized the territory and harbor of Hajibay. As a result, on May 27, 1794, a decree was issued on the basis of G. Gajibay and his initial plan developed by F. Dewolan was approved.
In August 1794, a bookmark of the port, cities and Orthodox churches took place.
The development of Odessa immediately after the foundation of the city was not active, but significantly accelerated in the first two decades of the XIX century. Becoming the main supplier of Ukrainian and Bessarabsky bread for the countries of Western Europe and anterior Asia, the Odessa port significantly increased its turnover. The city became an important cultural, administrative and spiritual center of the country's south.
As noted, the plan of the city was approved in 1794, together with the decree on its foundation. But in reality, it was a sketch diagram in which the sizes of quarters and streets were conditionally shown, the principle of composite construction. In the construction and settlement of Odessa, F. Dewolan significantly developed and clarified its proposals, in 1795 the next editorial board, which began to be implemented.
It was in accordance with the plan of 1795 that the citywide center is located along the axis of the military beam in the form of a wide range of built-up trading rows. The avenue was led to a spacious square, subsequently called Greek, with benches around the perimeter.
One of the main compositional elements in the planning of the city center was the Cathedral Square - the main public area of \u200b\u200bthe city. Around the area with the monumental cathedral housed a low-rise residential building, which emphasized the city-forming role of the new building.
Thus, by the middle of the nineteenth century, Odessa acquired the features of a large European city, with a central square, around which regular urban building was formed, the Cathedral and the main city dominant - the bell tower.
After that, the rapid development of all the edges and Odessa began, which became soon one of the most beautiful cities of the Russian Empire.
Candidate of Architecture, Associate Professor Meshcheryakov V.N. Phenomenon Odessa
The climate of Odessa is characterized as moderately continental. Here is a very warm winter and hot summer. The close sea location allows you to soften not only the winter cold, but also the summer heat. The average daily temperature of the coldest month, January, rarely falls below -2 ° C. Strong frosts and abundant snowfall are considered to be a big rarity. In summer, the air in Odessa warms up to +28 ° C and above. Rains are celebrated in autumn and winter.
The water temperature in the Black Sea in summer exceeds +21 ° C. In August, coastal waters are heated to +25 ° C, the temperature is lowered to +4 ° C in winter. The bathing season begins in the end of May and lasts until the end of September.
Most tourists for recreation in Odessa choose this period. Tourist peak falls on August when water in the sea is heated enough. The main difference between Odessa from the Crimean resorts is the absence of summer heat. The climate of Odessa is much softer than in the same Yalta or Sevastopol.
Nature
Odessa is located on the shore of the Black Sea Bay of the same name. Almost all the territory of the city is located on the plain, which is only 50 meters towers above sea level.
Most of the surroundings of Odessa occupy the steppes in which acacia, shrubs and moss grow. Here you can meet such representatives of the Ukrainian fauna, like hares, collisted crops, horses, mice.
The surroundings near Odessa are famous for their stunning vineyards. The crop of this area is used to prepare the best wines of Ukraine.
The Black Sea off the coast of Odessa amazes the variety of fish and marine organisms living in his waters. Local fishermen caught crab, shrimp, mussels, crabs. Hamsa, mackerel, stavride, marine bass and flounder received from fish.
Nature presented with these places healing dirt and mineral water, which are successfully used in the treatment of various ailments in numerous sanatoriums and wellness resorts.
One of the most amazing natural attractions are Odessa Catacombs. This is the name of the forgotten underground quarries, in which the sawing limestone was previously mined. Today, these structures are very popular with foreign tourists. The uniqueness of Odessa Catacombs is that this construction is recognized as the largest underground labyrinth in the world (their total length is more than 2,500 kilometers).
sights
All Odessa is one solid attraction. This is especially felt in the historic center of the city, where every building is a separate architectural monument.
The most important symbol of Odessa is the famous Potemkin staircase, consisting of 192 steps. The staircase was presented by Prince M. Vorontsov his spouse. Before the revolution of 1905, she was called a giant or Richelhevskaya (at its foundation there is a monument to Richelieu). In Soviet times it was decided to rename the ladder.
The Potemkin staircase leads to the Primorsky Boulevard, from which the magnificent panorama of the Odessa port offers. Boulevard is considered to be a favorite site of walks not only citizens, but also tourists. Along the entire Potemkinsky boulevard, unique architectural ensembles stretch. Here are the most beautiful buildings of the city. It is worth noting that many monuments of various cultural and arts workers are also located in the Primorsky Boulevard.
The monument to Duke de Richelieu is particularly noteworthy, which is called one of the founders of the city. His images are published on tourist booklets, stamps and postcards.
The name of the second founder of the city is Joseph Deribas - will forever remain in the history of Odessa. In his honor, one of the main streets of the city was named - Deribasovskaya. Currently, almost the whole street and the Greek area adjacent to it are pedestrian and are considered one of the most popular places in Odessa.
Palace complexes of famous residents of the city are recognized as a real treasure and pride of Odessa. The most famous are the Vorontsov Palace, the Palace of Count Tolstoy and the Shah Palace. Unique architectural style, unsurpassed interior decoration cause genuine admiration.
The city is famous for its numerous parks and squares that save the guests of Odessa from the summer heat. The former Alexandrovsky Park is very popular, and now the Central Park of Culture and Recreation named after T. Shevchenko, in which there is a monument to an unknown sailor and burns the eternal flame that remindes the exploits of Odessa in the Great Patriotic War. For the courage and heroism of residents of the city Odessa, the title of the city of Hero was awarded.
In Odessa, many museums, galleries and theaters. One of the most beautiful buildings in all the Eastern Europe is recognized by the Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater.
All attractions of OdessaFood
Odessa public catering establishments offer foreign tourists in the menu of Ukrainian and European cuisine. Numerous restaurants and cafes are also scattered around the city, where you can find treats for every taste.
Most popular with institutions located on Deribasovskaya Street. In each restaurant you will meet welcome Ukrainian waitress girls who will suggest try the most famous Ukrainian culinary delights. Be sure to try borsch with pampels, diards, dumplings, cabbage rolls and, of course, fat.
Squeeze these goodies follows the amazing Ukrainian wine "Massandra" or "Inkerman", having an unsurpassed fragrance and surprisingly delicate taste.
Prices in Odessa restaurants and cafes are quite low. Coastal cafeteria offers a wide selection of pies, sandwiches, cakes, as well as soft drinks. You can have a snack in a similar institution in just 5-7 $.
Accommodation
For the residence of foreign guests of the city in Odessa there is a wide selection of hotels, hotels and hostels. Wealthy tourists prefer luxury apartments, such as continental and Mozart hotels. As a rule, such institutions are located in the city center and are located close to the main attractions. Such prestigious hotels provide their customers with cozy spacious rooms with all the most essential furniture and techniques. The rooms are equipped with separate bathrooms, satellite TV, air conditioning, wireless internet, telephone, etc. There are also sports and gym, fitness clubs, restaurants and other entertainment facilities. During the night, the suite of these hotels will have to pay as much as $ 250.
In hotels, cheaper the quantity and quality of services provided significantly differs from the service in the above-mentioned hotels, but prices for accommodation are significantly lower. The cost of the room in 2- and 3-star hotels is approximately $ 100.
In Odessa, a huge selection of removable housing is presented. Usually, young people who want to spend all holidays in different cities of the Black Sea coast are preferred to such a service. Rent an apartment for a day in the midst of the tourist season is $ 25. It is worth noting that at the beginning and at the end of the season (May and September) housing prices are significantly falling, sometimes even 2-3 times.
Entertainment and recreation
Odessa offers its guests a wide selection of entertainment. Recreation youth gives preference to active sports and recreation. There is a huge number of sports facilities, fitness clubs, several water parks. Tourist companies organize exciting excursions around the Black Sea on ships, yachts and boats. Odessa attracts diving lovers. To go down the water and admire the beauty of one of the most amazing seas in the world, many foreigners want.
Older people prefer to devote their free time to cultural holidays in urban theaters, museums and galleries. Special attention deserves the theater Opera and Ballet, which is famous for the stunning productions of global works. Creative progresses were repeatedly evaluated by European critics.
Every year several tens of millions of people arrive in Odessa to correct their health in stunning sanatoriums and resorts specializing in the treatment of climbing mud and mineral waters.
Odessa beaches are recognized as the best on all of the Northwestern Black Sea. Millions of people come to warm up under the gentle sun on warm sandy beaches.
Odessa is considered the most musical city of Ukraine. Every year in the spring in the city there is a traditional music festival "2 days and 2 nights of new music", which collects participants from around the world. For the integer two days, Odessa will dip in the world of various styles and directions of music. July in Odessa was marked by the International Film Festival. And in September, the world stars of this art direction come to the jazz carnival to the city.
Each evening to tourists open the doors of numerous Odessa nightclubs and bars. Fun continues here until the morning. The real center of youth recreation is the seaside Arcadia.
Purchases
In Odessa, do not find shops, tents and souvenir benches. Deribasovskaya, Greek, Katerininskaya and Pushkinskaya are considered the main shopping urban streets. Here you can buy famous Ukrainian souvenirs - clay dishes with the image of the attractions of Odessa and Ukraine, clothing items with authentic embroidery, national tissue dolls, monisto, jewelry, aromatic oils.
Food is most advantageous to purchase in the markets or in small street shops. The most popular shopping in Odessa recognized the famous "Privoz" market. It is considered one of the oldest markets in all of Ukraine. Salo, homemade sausage, pickles, smoked and fresh fish, home cooking dishes are very popular here.
Stores in Odessa work from 9:00 to 2:00. Large shopping centers, such as "Athena", are open around the clock. All purchases in the city are carried out in the hryvnia. Exchange foreign currency in state exchange offices and banks.
Transport
Odessa is a major transportation assembly of Ukraine. Automotive, railway, aviation and, of course, sea transport are widespread here.
Odessa International Airport is considered one of the largest in the country. It provides flights within the country, as well as flights to Asia, Africa and Western Europe. In addition to the local airline Air Ukraine International, international flights provide Austrian Airlines, Turkey Airlines, ELAL and other aviation companies.
Intorcian passenger traffic exercise buses, trolley buses and trams. The city's territory is fully covered by routes of public transport, so it will not be much difficult to get to any area of \u200b\u200bOdessa. The fare in public transport is about $ 0.3.
In Odessa, not only intra-republican bus routes are organized connecting the city with other settlements of Ukraine, but also international routes with European countries (Germany, Bulgaria and Greece).
In addition to public transport for travel around the city, you can use a private taxi. The price of travel to a taxi ranges from $ 5 to $ 10 - depending on the distance of the trip.
A mansion from other urban vehicles is a funicular. Built in 1902 along the Potemkin staircase, this transportation to this day successfully works, connecting the upper part of Odessa with the seaport. In the Odessa region, called Otrada, there is another interesting type of transport - a cable car, built in 1971. The cabin offers a stunning view of the Odessa Bay. Travel costs on this amazing transport is a little more than $ 1.
In Odessa, intensive development received railway transport, which became strategically important in the development of transportation of goods arriving in the port by sea. It is worth noting that the highly developed passenger railway message connects Odessa with major cities of Ukraine. Excellent transportation of goods and passengers to the CIS countries and Western Europe.
The major seaport of Odessa provides the reception and recipient of important trading and passenger ships arriving from other countries of the world. Interestingly, several large cruise liners served in Ukraine sails daily to the Odessa port.
Low prices calendar for flights
Communication
The communication system in Odessa is developing intensively. It is worth noting that in the city, as in the whole in the country, very little street payphones. And the cost of calls from them is quite high. To make international calls, it is better to contact the Communications Department or call directly from the hotel room.
Cellular connection is recognized by the most profitable view. Numerous mobile companies support GSM 900/1800 standard. Many tour operators recommend upon arrival in the country to purchase a SIM card of one of the local cellular companies. Its price does not exceed $ 7. By the way, mobile communications in Ukraine is very profitable. The cost of outgoing calls is $ 0.07. And calls on a cell phone to Russia will cost only $ 0.1 per minute.
Network technologies were widespread in Odessa. In almost every cafe, restaurant, shopping center, and even in hotels and sanatoriums there are Wi-Fi access points. Recently received a mobile Internet recently, which is provided by several cellular operators at once, including Kyivstar, Beeline and MTS. 3G Internet is also supported here. Interestingly, 1 MB of mobile Internet traffic costs a little less than $ 1.
Safety
The southern capital of Ukraine has a fairly high level of crime. Cases of offenses against foreign citizens are very often noted. The bulk of crimes is theft and robbery. Relaxed summer heat, and often alcohol, tourists leave their money and things on the beaches, in restaurants and other public places. Foreign citizens are advised to leave large sums of money and the most valuable things in the hotel rooms before departure from home.
The hot climate Odessa requires special attention to the sanitary situation in the city. Specialists recommend carefully choosing food, wash vegetables and fruits before meals.
Business climate
The magnificent Odessa, the largest seaside resort of Ukraine, recently became the object of close attention of foreign investors who are interested in the tourist industry of the city. A successful geographical position, a mild climate, the presence of medicinal mineral waters and mud, the developed infrastructure attracts many businessmen who want to increase their income through the construction of new upscale hotels, shopping centers, entertainment and sports complexes. In addition, the adoption of the new Tax Code of Ukraine made it possible to reduce the number of fees and taxes from joint ventures.
The property
Real Estate Odessa has long attracted the attention of foreign buyers. And not in vain! The healing Black Sea climate, picturesque nature, a magnificent beach area, developed infrastructure make the purchase of housing in the city a very profitable investment.
When choosing future housing, many people stop their choice on the southern capital of Ukraine. Here you can not only provide yourself with a wonderful stay, but also to increase your savings. Every year, real estate prices in Odessa grow, which attracts many businessmen.
As a rule, when buying an apartment, people pay attention to new buildings, where improved planning of apartments is provided, and often the position of the house is quite profitable. Interestingly, in Odessa there is one feature of the real estate market - these are seasonal discounts. Usually such events are held before the New Year holidays.
Every day, the apartments for rent becomes more demanded. Especially popular daily rental housing. One-bedroom apartment, located near the main tourist attractions, will cost $ 55 per day. Youth companies prefer to shoot country houses located on the Black Sea coast. Such housing will cost $ 130 to $ 260.
Foreign tourists who come to the Southern Capital of Ukraine should remember some of the important rules of behavior in public places. The first: officially in Odessa, and in general, in Ukraine, there is a ban on smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages in public places. Its few people hold it, but you should know about it.
Second: it is very dangerous to change foreign currency in trains from illegal currency. Not only is the exchange rate is extremely unprofitable to you, and even canceled bills may be frank fake.
The third: the most painful place for Ukrainians is considered to be politics, so in conversations with the local population should not affect this urgent question. Ukrainians also do not like to talk about the problems of Ukrainian and Russian languages.
By purchasing food in beach cafes and tents, pay attention to the shelf life of goods. Remember that in the summer period many products will deteriorate much faster. Fresh fresh fruits, vegetables and bread in Odessa are safer.
Most recently, amendments to the customs regulations of Ukraine, where the limit on the removal of alcohol products is canceled. Now foreigners can bring home any amount of favor favor it. To export historical and cultural values, as well as works of art, allowed only after the coordination of the Ministry of Culture of the State. It is worth noting that precious metals and stones are not allowed to export abroad.
In the world, it is hardly found a city compared with Odessa for the indescribable color of her life. It is manifested in the charm of the southern nature, the architecture of the city, the quaint combining samples of a wide variety of styles and directions. But the main thing, of course, in its inhabitants is a completely unique people, referred to as Odessa, who speaks only one characteristic language inherent in the Odessa. Who founded this city on the shore of the blue in the world of the Black Sea?
How long ago it was!
To speak with all the objectivity, then the real founders of Odessa are not the duke de Richelieu and not a rocky prince G. A. Potemkin, who attribute this honor. The first Odessans were our common ancestors - residents of the Paleolithic era, whose parkingians archaeologists still find on the western coast of the Kuyalnitsky bay. Following them, in the first millennium BC on the beaches of the Bay, resting the tribe of the Kimmerians were noticed. Their two and a half thousand years ago replaced the Scythians, also loved the sun and the splash of the Black Sea waves.
But the laws of history are inexlarm. And soon these dikari were displaced by the Greeks who had navigated the entire charm of high civilization by that time. Having created in the areas of the current Luzanovka, as well as the trading port of the factory (or, expressing easier, shopping settlements), the sons of Eldlas detained there before II century AD. They also left a wide field for modern archaeologists. But they disappeared from these places without entering the story as the founders of Odessa. They did not receive this credit.
Middle Ages and their characters
In the period of the Middle Ages, the entire extensive area adjacent to the Odessa Bay has repeatedly become mining of foreign conquerors. Here, the Old Slavic tribes of the streets and tivers, the Tatar hordes swept on them, the predatory hand of the Grand Duchy of Lithuanian reached them. While finally, in the XVIII century, the period of Ottoman rule was coming.
The highest command of the Mother Empress
Where today the acacias of the Primorsky Boulevard are rustling today, the Turkish fortress of the Yeni Dunya, who had misfortune to attract the attention of General I. V. Gudovich, who followed in 1789 at the head of the Russian troops to Bendram. His advanced detachment under the command of Count Joseph Jose de Ribas captured the Citadel at dawn on September 13, preventing Orthodox to complete the morning Namaz, writing a fortress among the trophies of the Russian-Turkish war 1787-1791.
Two years later, the Yask Mirny Treaty was concluded, which put an end to military action. According to the document, under the Russian scepter departed a significant territory, called the name of Novorossia. In her western part, on the Black Sea coast, Empress Ekaterina II by his decree dated May 27, 1794 commanded the construction of the city, fortress and port. So, the monarch of the monarch feather received the right to life this unique city.
The name given to the newborn
The founders of Odessa began their work smoothly in three months. The solemn prayer was preceded by a solemn prayer with a sprinkling of her holy water. Wishing to give the future city True European features, the sovereign entrusted the project of the construction of the Dutch engineer-architect Francois de Vlalan, who entered the Russian service in 1787 on the protection of the Russian ambassador in the Hague.
So it is necessary in the world that at its birth, not only babies receive names, but also whole cities. A year after the start of construction, this stone newborn first became referred to as his real name - Odessa, which occurred, as researchers believe, from the name of another ancient Greek city, Odsomos, who was once east of the day, on the shore of the current Tiligulsky Limana.
Deribas - Founder of Odessa
The city broken by the decree of the Empress was built under the direct leadership of one of the heroes of the Ekaterininskaya era, Vice-Admiral Joseph de Ribas, the most degraded warriors that the Turkish fortress of Yeni-Dunya took a gathering. Spanish nobleman by origin, always persecuted forward of adventure, he lived a bright and full of most incredible adventure, able to serve as a plot of not one adventure novel.
As the founder of Odessa and her first township, de Ribas perpetuated his name in the title of the main street Deribasovskaya. That is the case, in one word, without separating the French noble console "de", they call it Odessans. The monument of this deserved person residents of the city were installed only in 1994, timed to the celebration of the two hundredth anniversary of their city.
Second Odessa Gradnadchal
When in 1803 de Ribas was translated into St. Petersburg, the office and residential quarters of the next city holder were located in his luxurious mansion, who also entered the story as the founder of Odessa. It was no less famous than his predecessor, Duke de Richelieu - French Aristocrat, received after the Great French Revolution for Russian Service. His monument, the crowned became a kind of business card of the city.
The duke was an exceptionally smart and talented administrator. For the period of his board (1803-1815) in the city there was wide construction, many new streets appeared, the gardens were broken, the Orthodox and Catholic temples, a synagogue, barracks, a market were opened, several educational institutions were opened and created by fresh water, which was created At that time it was very relevant.
Fruits of reign of decent people
Thanks to his wise leadership, in Odessa, as anywhere else, a favorable environment for the development of trade. Despite the broad powers granted to him by Alexander I, the second founder of Odessa Duke (Duke) de Richelieu was smart enough to save local trade from petty administrative care, giving merchandise to choose the convenient way to develop their entrepreneurship. This is attributed to the city a significant number of Russian and foreign merchants, and accordingly, their capital.
These two people, the founders of Odessa, - Vice Admiral Joseph de Ribas and Duke de decided - created the city, which became not only the economic and cultural center of Novorossia, but also a powerful fortification on the Black Sea coast, more than once in the history of the enemy attacks.
Fearless and Generous Count Langeron
In 1815, the place of the Odessa Gradorvnik took another no less worthy person - Count Alexander Fedorovich Langeron. He covered his name with fame on the walls of Izmail, in the storming of which he took part side by side with A. V. Suvorov. As the contemporaries testified, besides the desperate courage, his main quality was generosity, forced to share the last penny with each, whoever she asked her.
Having achieved for the city of law for thirty years almost duty-free to import goods (Porto-Franco mode), he immaculately enriched him, but after death he left the heirs only a small house and almost rammed farm. In Odessa, during the years of the reign of Alexander Fedorovich, a botanical garden appeared and several parks, the first in the city of the newspaper was published and opened its doors of the Richel'evsky Lyceum, which became the second in Russia after the famous Tsarskoselsky.
Gloss and luxury city
In the future, the glorious Pleiad of the Gradovnikov replenished Prince Mikhail Sergeevich Vorontsov. Thanks to him, Odessa acquired an aristocratic shine. Owning a colossal state, being in relationship with the highest vest of Russia and England, he managed to attract many representatives of the highest light into the city and those who, without having a loud name, had a not less solid state. In this prince, his wife helped - the Polish aristocrat of the Countess Barberry. Thanks to her connections, many rich families moved to Odessa from Poland.
This contributed to the further prosperity of commerce, the emergence of new theaters and restaurants. The city gracious from bread and other branches has expanded and landscaped. Having achieved the extension of Porto-Franco for another ten years, Prince Vorontsov made Odessa in the largest shopping center of the south of Russia.
Non-memory of the founders of Odessa
In 2007, on the Catherine Square of the city, the monument to the founders of Odessa was restored in 1900 and dismantled under Soviet power. This composition of the sculptor M. P. Popova represents the figure of Catherine II, raised to a high pedestal, and standing at its foundation four of its associates. Among them - the already mentioned already de Ribas, as well as the most prominent figures of that era G. A. Potemkin, de Volan and P. A. Teeth. Each of them left his mark in the history of the city.
It was a significant event in the cultural life of the settlement. Odessa is generally unusually rich in monumental works of masters of past centuries and our days. Many of them are recognized masterpieces. This is a monument to Duke de Richelieu, decorating the Primorsky Boulevard, prince Vorontsov at the Cathedral Square, the Polish poet of Adam Mitskevich at the beginning of the Alexandrovsky Avenue and many others that make up the fame of Odessa.
Despite the fact that the story has retained the names of only those who, by virtue of their high social and official position, had a noticeable impact on its growth and development, the true founders of the city, the Odessa of which he remembers, are those who have created her hands with their own hands. on the sideline of the Black Sea coast. Their work was born a miracle, sneezing by many poets that became the birthplace of many wonderful people. It is the people - the true founder of Odessa. The history of the city is that evidence.