In accordance with paragraph 77 of Methodological Instructions No. 91n, a commission is created by order of the manager to determine the feasibility (suitability) of the further use of fixed assets, as well as to draw up documentation for the disposal of these objects in the organization. The commission includes relevant officials, including (an accountant) and persons who are responsible for the safety of fixed assets. Representatives of inspections, which, in accordance with the law, are entrusted with the functions of registration and supervision of certain types of property, may be invited to participate in the work of the commission.

The competence of the commission includes:

· inspection of a fixed asset item subject to write-off using the necessary technical documentation, as well as accounting data, establishing the feasibility (suitability) of further use of the fixed asset item, the possibility and effectiveness of its restoration;

· establishing the reasons for the write-off of fixed assets (physical and moral wear and tear, violation of operating conditions, accidents, natural disasters and other emergencies, long-term non-use of the facility for production of products, performance of work and services, or for management needs, etc.);

· the possibility of using individual components, parts, materials of a retired fixed asset item and their assessment based on the current market value; control over the removal of non-ferrous and precious metals from fixed assets written off as part of an object, determination of weight and delivery to the appropriate warehouse; exercising control over the removal of non-ferrous and precious metals from decommissioned objects, determining their quantity and weight;

· drawing up an act for writing off fixed assets.

The act on write-off of fixed assets must contain data characterizing the object of fixed assets:

Date of acceptance of the object for accounting;

Year of manufacture or construction;

Commissioning time;

Initial cost and amount of accrued depreciation;

Conducted revaluations, repairs;

Reasons for leaving with their justification;

Condition of main parts, parts, assemblies, structural elements.

The act of writing off a fixed asset item is approved by the head of the organization.

Based on the executed act on the write-off of fixed assets, transferred to the accounting service of the organization, a note is made on the inventory card about the disposal of the fixed asset item. The corresponding entries on the disposal of a fixed asset item are also made in a document opened at its location. Inventory cards for retired fixed assets are stored for a period established by the head of the organization in accordance with the rules for organizing state archival affairs, but not less than five years.

Material assets remaining from the write-off of fixed assets that are unsuitable for restoration and further use are accounted for at market value on the date of write-off and the corresponding amount is credited to financial results. This procedure for accounting for material assets received as a result of write-off of fixed assets is established by paragraph 54 of Regulation No. 34n.

Acceptance for accounting of spare parts and scrap metal suitable for further use is reflected in the debit of account 10 “Materials”, in correspondence with the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 91-1 “Other income”.

Example 1.

In October 2004, the organization liquidated production equipment, the depreciation of which was fully accrued, with an original cost of 270,000 rubles. The dismantling and removal of equipment was carried out by auxiliary production forces. The expenses of the auxiliary production workshop amounted to 18,000 rubles. During disassembly, suitable spare parts were capitalized at a market value of 11,600 rubles, as well as scrap metal at a cost of 800 rubles.

The following subaccount names are used in the table below:

01-1 “Fixed assets in operation”;

01-2 “Disposal of fixed assets.”

Account correspondence

Sum,

rubles

Debit

Credit

The original cost of liquidated equipment has been written off

The amount of accrued depreciation is written off

The costs of auxiliary production for equipment dismantling are reflected

Spare parts received during equipment dismantling were capitalized

Scrap metal received during dismantling was capitalized

The balance of other income and expenses is written off (18000 – 11600 – 800)

End of the example.

In accordance with subparagraph 8 of paragraph 1 of Article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), expenses for the liquidation of fixed assets decommissioned, including the amount of underaccrued depreciation, are included in non-operating expenses not related to production and sales, reducing the tax base for income tax.

In many cases, when liquidating fixed assets, spare parts, materials, scrap metal and other materials are obtained. According to paragraph 13 of Article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, income in the form of the cost of received materials or other property during dismantling or disassembly, during the liquidation of fixed assets taken out of service, is recognized as non-operating income.

The date of recognition of income and expenses from the liquidation of a fixed asset depends on which method is chosen by the organization - the accrual method or the cash method.

In accordance with subparagraph 8 of paragraph 4 of Article 271 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, an organization that determines income and expenses on an accrual basis recognizes the value of property received upon liquidation of a fixed asset as non-operating income on the date of drawing up the act of liquidation of depreciable property.

Under the cash method, such income is recognized at the time property is accepted for accounting in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 273 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

As a rule, as a result of the liquidation of fixed assets, organizations receive a loss. The amount of the loss can be taken into account when taxing profits for the period in which the loss was incurred.

Example 2.

Let's use the data from example 1 and determine the amount of non-operating income and the amount of expense that will be taken into account for profit tax purposes.

Non-operating expense - expenses for dismantling fixed assets in the amount of 18,000 rubles.

Non-operating income - the cost of capitalized spare parts and scrap metal in the amount of 12,400 rubles.

End of the example.

More details with questions regardingfeatures of fixed asset accounting, You can find it in the book of JSC “BKR-Intercom-Audit” “Fixed assets».

Fixed assets during operation are subject to wear and tear, become obsolete morally and physically, are bought, sold, exchanged, transferred for various reasons to third parties. The disposal of fixed assets in organizations occurs as a result of:

  • Sales of fixed assets
  • Liquidation in case of accidents, natural disasters, thefts
  • Write-offs due to their further unsuitability
  • Free transfers
  • Leasing of fixed assets
  • Contribution to the authorized capital of a third party organization

In order to determine the expediency of the unsuitability of a fixed asset, a commission is created, which includes equipment specialists and an accountant. They inspect and establish the reason for writing off the fixed asset, identify the perpetrators, consider the possibility of further use of parts of the written-off object, and monitor the removal of precious metals from them. Then they draw up a write-off act, which is signed by the members of the commission, approved by the manager and transferred to the accounting department.

Major transactions for the disposal of fixed assets reflect the write-off of the asset at its original cost. When an object is sold, the amount of accrued depreciation is written off, the amount of VAT on revenue is taken into account, and upon exchange, obligations are offset at the contract value. The accounting entries reflect the write-off of the residual value, the amount of accumulated depreciation and all costs that are associated with the disposal of fixed assets during write-off, liquidation and gratuitous transfer.

So on account 01, the accountant allocates subaccount 01/1 - disposal of fixed assets and makes entries: D- 01/1 K 02 0 for the amount of accrued depreciation and D-01 K 01/1 for the amount of the original cost. Then account 01/1 accumulates the residual value of the fixed asset, which upon disposal is written off to

When selling and leasing fixed assets, the result from the disposal of fixed assets will credit the proceeds from the sale to the profit account.

Disposal of fixed assets takes into account those remaining after the dismantling and disassembly of the facility. Materials are purchased at market prices. When writing off fixed assets after accidents, fires and other natural disasters, it is necessary to take into account that losses are partially compensated by insurance organizations, by reserve capital and by the perpetrators in case of thefts or shortages.

The disposal of fixed assets is formalized - an act for writing off OS-4 upon liquidation, write-off due to the impossibility of its further use. When selling, transferring to the authorized capital, or gratuitously donating fixed assets, a transfer and acceptance certificate OS-1 is drawn up. When returning a leased object and when moving within workshops and other divisions of the enterprise, an invoice for internal movement is filled out, but such movements are not a disposal of fixed assets.

The disposal of fixed assets always requires additional costs, which are reflected in the form of expense transactions and collected on account 23, or 91 accounts at once. That is, the credit account is 10, 68, 69, 70, and the debit account is 91, subaccount other expenses. All transactions related to profit from revenue from the sale of objects are reflected in accounts 50, 51, 62 debit and 91 credit in the other income subaccount.

Both income and expenses on disposal of fixed assets are always reflected in the current reporting period. Account 91 collects the financial result from the disposal of objects in the organization. If the account's credit is greater than its debit, then the company has a profit, and if it is less, it has a loss. The financial result from the disposal of fixed assets from account 91 at the end of each month is written off to account 99.

When disposal of fixed assets, a corresponding note is made on the inventory card indicating their deregistration. Cards are stored at the enterprise for at least five years.

Fixed assets - assets used for production and/or management - cannot function indefinitely. There comes a time when they stop performing the functions assigned to them for one reason or another. Keeping unused fixed assets on the balance sheet is not only unprofitable, but also illegal if the termination of the asset or its absence is revealed as a result of the inventory.

Accounting for the termination of the functioning of fixed assets is carried out as a result of the disposal procedure.

Consider:

  • the main reasons leading to the disposal of fixed assets,
  • ways to reflect this operation in accounting and tax accounting,
  • Features of postings for one or another reason for disposal.

What does the accounting plan say?

The accounting plan (PBU) in paragraph 29 directly indicates the fact that assets that:

  • cease to be used for the production of products, provision of services, performance of certain works;
  • are no longer used to implement the management needs of the company;
  • are not available based on inventory results,

must be written off from accounting, that is, a disposal procedure must be carried out.

Provided reasons for disposal of fixed assets

An organization loses fixed assets for various possible reasons:

  • moral and/or physical wear and tear of the property fund;
  • destruction as a result of an emergency (accident, natural disaster, catastrophe, etc.);
  • irreparable damage (intentional or accidental);
  • theft of a fixed asset;
  • loss of an object identified during inventory;
  • completing a purchase and sale transaction, the object of which is OS;
  • conclusion regarding the object of a gift or barter agreement;
  • transfer to another legal entity or individual free of charge;
  • the fixed asset has become a contribution or part of a contribution to the authorized capital of another legal entity;
  • The redemption period has come for the property leased on a leasing basis.

ATTENTION! There may be other reasons for the disposal of fixed assets; the main condition for carrying out the procedure is the absence or impossibility of using the object based on the results of the next inventory.

If an object was simply moved between structural divisions within the same organization, this is not considered a disposal.

Which fixed asset is subject to disposal?

You cannot simply write off a fixed asset by making a unilateral decision. It is necessary to establish for sure that it is no longer in use, and its restoration is impossible or unprofitable. Only a special commission is authorized to do this. The head issues an order on its creation, including without fail:

  • employees responsible for the safety of inventoried fixed assets;
  • accounting representatives;
  • state inspectors, if necessary.

The commission must inspect the fixed asset and conclude whether its continued use is advisable, and also consider the cost-effectiveness of restoration. The competence of the commission also includes the following issues:

  • formulation of the reasons for disposal of fixed assets;
  • identification of responsible persons if write-off has to be carried out ahead of time;
  • determining the possibility of selling or further using individual parts of the asset (for example, if we are talking about equipment, its parts can be used as spare parts, individual components are sold).

The documentary result of the commission’s work is the write-off act.

After writing off the fixed assets, the act is transferred to the accounting department, where, based on it, notes are made in inventory cards or a special inventory book. These records are kept for at least 5 years.

The procedure for registering the disposal of fixed assets

The procedure for documenting the write-off of fixed assets from the balance sheet may differ slightly depending on the established reason.

Disposal of an asset as a result of its sale

When a fixed asset is transferred under ownership to another person (individual or legal), it must leave the balance sheet of the “parent” company. In this case, a purchase and sale agreement is concluded. In addition to this basic document, disposal is accompanied by the preparation of the following papers:

  • overhead;
  • (drawn up according to standard sample No. OS-1).

In accounting, this process is carried out as follows: account 01 “Disposal of fixed assets” is completed with the corresponding subaccount, then you need to write off the depreciation amount for the disposed object, and the remainder of its value is added to “other expenses”. These expenses may also reflect expenses incurred on dismantling, packaging and other actions with the fixed asset. Postings:

  • debit 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets”, credit 01 – adding the remaining cost of fixed assets to other expenses;
  • debit 91 “Other income and expenses”, credit 23 “Auxiliary production” - expenses for preparing OS for sale (disassembly);
  • debit 91, credit 44 “Sales expenses” - expenses for the sale of fixed assets;
  • debit 62 “Settlements with customers”, credit 91/1 – sales (receiving income from the sale of fixed assets);
  • debit 91/1, credit 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” - VAT calculation.

Disposal of worn-out fixed assets

Unsuitability revealed during operation or inventory is a good reason for writing off the operating system. It is produced using a draft, which is signed by a specially created commission. The act must reflect the following information:

  • name of the asset and its inventory number;
  • original cost and accrued depreciation;
  • the reason why the product became unusable;
  • expenses for asset liquidation (dismantling, disassembly, removal, etc.);
  • income possibly received upon disposal (sale or use of individual parts, components, elements of the operating system);
  • the result of disposal (original cost minus depreciation amount plus write-off expenses minus income from write-off).

REFERENCE! If a vehicle is written off, this act is drawn up in the OS-4a form and a certificate issued by the State Inspectorate on deregistration of the vehicle is attached to it.

Accounting entries go to account 47 “Sales and other disposals of fixed assets”, and the financial result is attributed to account 80 “Profits and losses”.

IMPORTANT! The same scheme applies to the disposal of fixed assets liquidated as a result of accidents and disasters.

Wiring example: In the carpentry shop, a woodworking machine, which at the beginning of operation cost 30,000 rubles, completely broke down. Depreciation accrued on this equipment is RUB 28,000. The machine was dismantled in the workshop, which cost 200 rubles. After disassembly, several spare parts remained that could be used in the future; they were capitalized at the warehouse at a cost of 1,000 rubles, the rest was scrap metal worth 800 rubles. The accounting entries will be as follows:

  • debit 01, credit 01 – RUB 30,000;
  • debit 02, credit 01 – 28,000 rubles;
  • debit 91/2, credit 01 – 2,000 rub. (residual value of the machine);
  • debit 91/2, credit 23, 25 – dismantling costs;
  • debit 10/5, credit 91/1 – 1000 rub. (posting of spare parts);
  • debit 10, credit 91/2 – 800 rub. (posting of scrap metal).

Disposal of stolen fixed assets

If the OS is absent from the organization due to an illegal action, this action becomes the responsibility of the criminal authorities. Regardless of the outcome of the investigation, since the asset is no longer available, it must be written off. For this purpose, an act is drawn up. Other accounting documents must be accompanied by a copy of the resolution to initiate a criminal case or investigation, that is, confirmation of the illegality of the action in relation to the OS.

The accounting entry of stolen material assets is carried out using the debit of account 73/2, credit 94 “Calculations for compensation for material damage.” If the culprit is found, then compensation for the loss through the cash register is carried out by debit 50, credit 73-2.

Disposal of fixed assets contributed to someone else's authorized capital

When an asset is transferred to the authorized capital of another organization, this is a kind of monetary investment of funds. In accounting, you need to reflect the depreciation carried out, register the asset as a financial investment, restore VAT and reflect the share of profit/loss on the transfer of fixed assets.

Wiring example: a private enterprise is registered as a participant in an LLC, it invests in the authorized capital equipment, which the meeting of participants valued at 250,000 rubles. When this equipment was used by a private enterprise, its value on the balance sheet was RUB 210,000, and depreciation was RUB 40,000. The postings will be like this:

  • debit 02, credit 01/2 - 40,000 rub. (depreciation);
  • debit 58/1, credit 01/2 - 170,000 rubles (residual value);
  • debit 19, credit 68 - 30,600 rub. (VAT restoration);
  • debit 58/1, credit 19 - 30,600 rubles;
  • debit 91/2, credit 58/1 - 49,400 rub. (displaying the amount of loss from the transfer of equipment as other expenses). It is calculated as follows: the share contributed to the authorized capital (250 thousand rubles), minus the residual value (170,000 rubles). minus restored VAT (RUB 30,600).

Correct registration and display of disposal of fixed assets during their accounting is the key to avoiding problems when checking the relevant reports.

Fixed assets are part of the organization’s property that is used in the manufacture of products and performance of work. Their service life exceeds one year. For more details on how the receipt and disposal of fixed assets (fixed assets) are processed, read further in the article.

Concepts

OS includes equipment, structures, buildings, working machines, measuring instruments, computer equipment, transport, tools, inventory, livestock, perennial plantings, etc. The period of time during which the means of labor generate income or serve to achieve set goals, called useful life. OSs are subject to moral and physical wear and tear. The first arises as a result of scientific and technological progress, the second - due to active work and metal corrosion.

BU OS are accounted for at initial cost, i.e. the amount of costs for the purchase and installation of equipment. Once a year, the organization can re-evaluate its means of labor. They are repaid by calculating depreciation, that is, transferring the price to manufactured products. If you subtract the value at the end of the period from the book value at the beginning of the period, you will get the value of the indicator at the end of the period. For objects received free of charge, under donation agreements, housing stock, livestock, and perennial plantings, depreciation is not charged.

Restoring the value of the operating system can occur in the form of overhaul, reconstruction and modernization. At the same time, the quality characteristics of the equipment change. After full use or for other reasons, fixed assets are disposed of.

Grounds

Instruments of labor are disposed of as a result of:

  • implementation;
  • write-offs in case of wear and tear;
  • transfers in the form of a contribution to capital, under gift agreements;
  • liquidation;
  • write-offs after transfer of ownership to the tenant;
  • for other reasons.

The decision to write off the equipment is made by a specially created commission, which:

  • examines an object to be written off;
  • establishes the reasons for disposal;
  • identifies those responsible if write-off is premature;
  • determines the possibility of using equipment elements;
  • controls the removal of non-ferrous metals from objects;
  • draws up an act.

Document flow

Based on the data from the write-off act (OS-4a), the disposal of fixed assets is recorded in the accounting system. The document must be signed by management in two copies. One is given to the accounting department, and the second remains with the responsible person. If the object was transferred free of charge or under an exchange agreement, then the write-off of fixed assets is recorded in the delivery and acceptance invoice (OS-1). It is accompanied by an appendix of the donation agreement and a note from the recipient regarding the registration of the object. The same document formalizes the movement of the means of labor within the divisions of the organization and its return to the lessor.

Postings

Accounting for the disposal of fixed assets is displayed on account 91-3 of the same name. Write-off of an object as a result of wear and tear and sale differ in their economic essence. In the first case, we are talking about the impossibility of using the equipment, in the second – about the transfer of ownership. In addition, if the property is sold, a tax burden arises. This operation is formalized by the following transactions:

  • DT02 KT01 – the amount of depreciation is taken into account.

Further, for DT91-3 all expenses associated with the write-off of the object are displayed, and for the loan - income from its sale. Costs include the residual value of the equipment, transportation costs, dismantling services, and VAT on the sales price.

  • Subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets” 91-3 KT01 – residual value is taken into account.
  • DT91-3 KT23 (44) “Auxiliary production” (“Sales expenses”) - accounting for costs resulting from the sale of fixed assets.
  • DT91-3 KT68 “Tax payments” - debt to the budget for VAT.
  • DT76 (62) “Settlements with counterparties (buyers and customers)” KT91-3 – income from sales.
  • DT10 “Materials” KT91-3 – accounting at market prices for materials that were received after liquidation.

At the end of the quarter or calendar year, the cost of disposal of fixed assets and the financial result are calculated. If the balance under CT 91-3 is greater than that under DT, then the enterprise has received income: DT 91-3 CT 91-9. The loss is reflected by the posting: DT 99 CT 91-9.

This is how the disposal of fixed assets is processed. Postings that are used if the object is not suitable for use:

  • DT01-2 KT01-1 – initial cost taken into account;
  • DT91-3 KT01 – residual value taken into account;
  • DT91-3 KT23 – costs of dismantling the object are taken into account;
  • DT10 KT91-3 – capitalization of valuables obtained as a result of dismantling.

Income from the operation is recorded using the following entries:

  • DT91-3 KT91-9 – accounting for income from the transaction;
  • DT91-9 KT99 – profit from liquidation.

The loss from the operation is recorded as follows:

  • DT91-9 KT91-3 – cost accounting;
  • DT99 KT91-9 – loss received from liquidation.

Example

Equipment with an initial cost of 100,000 rubles. was sold to another company for 50,000 rubles. We will formalize the disposal of fixed assets:

  • DT02 KT01 – 20,000 (accumulated depreciation);
  • DT91-3 KT01 – 80,000 (residual value reflected);
  • DT62 (76) KT91-3 – 50,000 (revenue accrued);
  • DT91-3 KT68 – 9000 (VAT added).

Other write-off options

The disposal of fixed assets as a result of their transfer in the form of a contribution to the capital of another organization is formalized as follows:

  • DT01-2 KT01-1 – initial cost written off;
  • DT02 KT01 - accumulated depreciation;
  • DT91-3 KT76 (23) – accounting for costs of transferring an object;
  • DT58 “Investments” KT91-3 – accounting for contributions to the authorized capital at the agreed value.

Profit is processed as follows:

  • DT91-3 KT91-9 – write-off of income.
  • DT91-9 KT99 – making a profit.

The loss must be recorded as follows:

  • DT91-9 KT91-3 – write-off of expenses.
  • DT99 KT91-9 – loss taken into account.

Disposal of fixed assets as a result of gratuitous transfer - how to formalize this? For DT 91, the residual value will be displayed, and for CT - expenses, for example, VAT, calculated based on the market price of a similar object. There will be no income from the operation, and the financial result will be displayed as a loss. It looks like this:

  • DT01-2 KT01-1 – initial cost written off;
  • DT91-3 KT01 – residual value is reflected;
  • DT91-3 KT68 – VAT is charged on transferred objects;
  • DT91-3 KT76 (23) – the costs of the operation are taken into account;
  • DT91-9 KT91-3 – write-off of losses from gratuitous transfer;
  • DT99 KT91-9 – loss taken into account.

Now let's look at how the disposal of fixed assets is formalized in the event of natural disasters or accidents. The postings will be as follows:

  • DT01-2 KT01-1 – initial cost written off;
  • DT02 KT01 - accumulated depreciation;
  • DT91-3 KT01 – residual value is reflected;
  • DT94 “Shortages from damage to valuables” KT91-3 - reflects the loss received as a result of natural disasters;
  • DT76 (73) KT94-3 - reflects the loss received through the fault of the employee;
  • DT82 “Reserve capital” CT94 – the loss is written off against reserve capital.
  • DT76-1 “Insurance settlements” KT94 - losses and damage to property are written off at the expense of amounts transferred from insurance companies (receipt of funds is documented by posting DT51 KT76);
  • DT 91-9 KT94 - the shortage is written off as expenses of the organization;
  • DT 99 KT91-9 – loss from the operation is reflected.

The peculiarity of accounting for the disposal of fixed assets as a result of an accident or emergency is that expenses can be written off not only to general costs, but also to the reserve, insurance, or to the perpetrators. These amounts are pre-accounted for in account 94 and then credited to other expense items.

Disposal of fixed assets as a result of theft is recorded depending on whether the object was insured or not. In the first case, all losses are written off to account 94, and if it is not found, then to 99. The postings look like this:

  • DT01-2 KT01-1 – initial cost written off;
  • DT02 KT01 – accumulated depreciation;
  • DT94 KT01 – residual value is reflected;
  • DT99 KT94 – the cost of the object is reflected in losses.

If the object was insured, then after writing off the initial, residual value and depreciation, the postings will be generated as follows:

  • DT51 KT76 – capitalization of insurance compensation;
  • DT76 KT91-3 – the amount of compensation is reflected as profit for the object (if it is greater than the losses incurred).

If the object is found, then you need to restore its value (DT01 KT94) and accrued depreciation (DT01 KT02).

Here's how to account for the disposal of fixed assets.

Taxation nuances

The financial result from the liquidation of labor instruments is reflected in non-operating income (expenses). These amounts, as well as underaccrued depreciation, are written off as expenses at the same time as the asset is disposed of. The balance sheet shows the figures in the same period in which the transaction occurred. Write-offs of fixed assets as a result of depreciation are taken into account in financial results from operating activities. Tax authorities may require the amount of “input” VAT to be restored. This request can be challenged by referring to the decisions of the arbitration court No. A56-32943/01, No. A29-9113/01A.

In accordance with Art. 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, non-operating expenses include:

  • costs of liquidation of all types of OS;
  • the amount of underaccrued depreciation and capitalized materials that were received after dismantling the equipment.

Differences

When registering transactions for the disposal of fixed assets, it is necessary to take into account the data of the residual value in accounting and accounting records. If they match, then no additional calculations are required. But the most common difference is permanent, deductible, or taxable. Let's look at them with examples.

Let's assume that equipment was liquidated in September. The residual value in BU is 12 thousand rubles, and in NU – 10,000. The liquidated object was capitalized as a contribution to capital. The initial cost in BU was formed according to the statutory documents - 100 thousand rubles, and in NU - according to data received from the supplier (80,000 rubles). This difference is permanent. Tax is paid on it at a rate of 24%: 2000 * 0.24 = 480 rubles. This operation is documented by posting DT 99 KT 68.

Let's change the conditions of the original problem. The book value of the liquidated object according to the NU is 12,000 rubles, and the book value is 10,000 rubles. At the time of arrival, the numbers were the same. Depreciation was calculated monthly in the amount of 1000 rubles. But during the period of use, the equipment was given for free use for 2 months. During this time, NU did not accrue depreciation. This resulted in a deductible difference and a tax asset (480 rubles). At the time of liquidation it must be repaid: DT68 KT09.

This is how the disposal of fixed assets is processed in this case.

Reconstruction and repair

Every accountant faces these two business transactions sooner or later. Repair costs are taken into account in the current period in full, and reconstruction costs increase the cost of equipment and are written off through depreciation. This is the difference between the concepts in accounting. Transactions must be confirmed:

  • an order from the manager to carry out repairs, which indicates who will carry out the work (independently or a third-party organization), appoints a commission, deadlines, and methods of ensuring safety;
  • a defective statement, which contains the name of the OS, its tax identification number, and the reason for the repair;
  • contract for work with a third party.

These processes are formalized as follows:

  • DT20 KT60-1 – attribution of repair costs to the cost price;
  • DT19-3 KT60-1 – VAT on work is taken into account;
  • DT60-1 KT51 – settlement with the supplier has been made;
  • DT68 KT19-3 – “input” VAT is accepted.

Reflection of operations to perform work occurs as follows:

  • DT23 KT10 - materials written off;
  • DT23 KT70 – wages accrued to employees who performed repair work;
  • DT23 KT69 - insurance premiums for wages have been accrued;
  • DT20 KT23 – attribution of costs to production costs.

Upgrading the OS looks like this:

  • DT08-3 KT60-1 - repair costs are reflected;
  • DT19-3 KT60-1 – “input” VAT;
  • DT68-2 KT19-3 - tax accepted for deduction;
  • DT60-1 KT51 – settlements with the performing supplier;
  • DT01-1 KT08-3 - the cost of the OS has been changed.

For property worth less than RUB 40,000. no depreciation is charged. Therefore, all costs associated with repairs and modernization are taken into account entirely as expenses.

Revaluation

Let's consider this example. Equipment with an initial and residual cost of 25 and 15 thousand dollars, and an amount of accumulated depreciation of 10 thousand dollars was overvalued. As a result, the amount on the balance sheet increased by 3,000, and the underwritten depreciation by 2,000. The equipment was then sold for $22,000.

You need to format it like this:

  • DT01 KT83 – 5000 (cost increase);
  • DT83 KT02 – 2000 (increased depreciation);
  • DT76 KT91-1 – 22000 (invoice presented to the buyer);
  • DT91-2 KT01 – 18000 (book value written off);
  • DT02 KT01 – 12000 (depreciation written off);
  • DT91-1 KT91-2 – 18000 (the cost of the object reduces the income from sales);
  • DT83 KT84 – 3000 (revaluation reserve written off);
  • DT51 KT76 – funds have been credited to the account.

When an object is disposed of, the accumulated revaluation reserve is charged to retained earnings in an amount determined as the difference between depreciation calculated at the book value and its value before the revaluation.

One more example. The cost of the object before the revaluation was 120 thousand. e., after − 160.0 thousand. e. Depreciation was calculated on a straight-line basis at a rate of 5%. At first, the amount of depreciation was 6 thousand. e., then it increased to 8 thousand.e. The difference will be transferred annually to retained earnings by posting DT83 KT84.

Dynamics

The renewal coefficient shows the share of introduced funds at the enterprise in the current period. It calculates using the formula:

To obn = Cost of fixed assets introduced / Cost of fixed assets at the end of the year.

A similar receipt ratio reflects the share of new equipment.

K pos = Cost of new OS / Cost of OS at the end of the year.

The difference between these indicators is that in the first case, repaired equipment is taken into account, and in the second, new equipment received from a third party is taken into account.

The fixed asset retirement ratio reflects the share of written-off assets in the current period. Unlike other indicators, it is calculated based on the cost of equipment at the beginning of the period.

The retirement rate of fixed assets is equal to: fixed assets written off\ fixed assets as of 01.01.

You can find out by what percentage the book value of equipment has increased using the growth rate. Its formula is:

K growth = (new assets - retired assets) \ OS at the beginning of the year.

The update intensity coefficient is equal to: K int = Departed OS / Incoming OS.

The liquidation ratio is calculated using the formula: K liquidation = fixed assets liquidated / fixed assets as of 01.01.

The replacement coefficient is calculated as follows: K replacement = liquidated OS / new OS.

Task

  • The cost of funds as of 01.01 is 60 thousand.
  • Depreciation - 12 thousand.
  • During the year, new facilities were introduced in the amount of 11.1 thousand.
  • Equipment worth 9.6 thousand was removed from service.
  • The amount of depreciation until full restoration is 6 thousand.

OS at the end of the year is calculated using the formula: OS as of 01.01 + Arrivals - Departures = 60 + 11.1 – 9.6 = 61.5 thousand rubles.

The retirement rate is calculated as follows: K retirement = 9.6 / 60 = 0.16. This means that 16% of the equipment was liquidated during the year.

Conclusion

Fixed assets are subject to tax and accounting. During use, the equipment can be transferred to other persons and repaired. Its cost is partially transferred to manufactured products. After full use or as a result of breakdown or sale of assets, fixed assets must be written off.

The decision to liquidate equipment is made by a specially created commission. It also finds the culprits if the departure occurred prematurely. The profit or loss from the transaction is included in the operating activities of the organization. All funds spent on restoring the value of equipment are included in retained earnings.

We talked about in what cases the disposal of fixed assets (fixed assets) occurs and how this is documented. We will talk about typical accounting entries that are made when disposing of fixed assets in this material.

General rules for accounting for the disposal of fixed assets

The Chart of Accounts and the Instructions for its application stipulate that, regardless of the reason for the disposal of fixed assets, a separate sub-account can be opened to account 01 “Fixed Assets” (). In our consultation, we will use subaccount 01/B for these purposes. At the time of disposal, the initial (replacement) cost of the fixed assets, which was listed for the object in account 01, is written off to this sub-account at the time of disposal. The following accounting entry is generated:

Debit account 01/B - Credit account 01

Debit of account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” - Credit of account 01/B

As a result of this posting, a residual value is formed on account 01 (or subaccount 01/B, if used) for the disposed asset, which is subsequently subject to write-off. We will consider below what accounting entries will be made.

Sale of OS object

The sale of an fixed asset involves reflecting other income from its sale, as well as other expenses in the form of the residual value of the disposed fixed asset and expenses associated with the sale (clause 31 PBU 6/01, clause 7 PBU 9/99, clause 11 PBU 10 /99, Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n).

Free transfer

When transferring an asset free of charge, the entries are similar to the entries for its sale with only one difference: income, of course, will not be reflected. VAT, in the general case, will be charged on the market value of the asset (clause 1, clause 1, article 146, clause 2, article 154 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Let's look at the free transfer of an OS object using an example.

The organization transfers a car to an individual free of charge. The initial cost of the fixed assets is 950,000 rubles, depreciation accrued at the time of transfer is 635,000 rubles. The market value of the car on the date of gratuitous transfer is 450,000 rubles (including VAT 68,644 rubles).

The accounting entries upon transfer will be as follows:

Termination of use due to moral or physical wear and tear

When an asset can no longer be used due to moral or physical wear and tear, it must be written off from accounting.

In this case, the residual value of the fixed asset from account 01 or subaccount 01/B will be charged to other expenses of the organization:

Debit account 91, subaccount “Other expenses” - Credit account 01/B

Disposal of fixed assets as a result of an accident, other emergency or shortage

Similar to write-off as a result of moral or physical depreciation, disposal of fixed assets as a result of an accident, natural disaster or other emergency situation is reflected as part of other expenses.

At the same time, taking into account that when such circumstances arise, it is necessary to carry out an inventory, it is advisable to first take into account the lost object in account 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables” (clause 27 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n, Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n ):

Debit account 94 - Credit account 01/B

And only then, if there are no guilty parties, include it in other expenses:

Debit account 91, subaccount “Other expenses” - Credit account 94

Similarly, with the preliminary accounting of the fixed asset on account 94, its write-off is reflected as a result of a shortage identified as a result of the inventory.

Transfer of fixed assets as a contribution to the authorized capital

The transfer of fixed assets as contributions to the authorized capital is considered as a financial investment. Accordingly, the transfer is accounted for using account 58 “Financial investments” (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n). Considering that the assessment of the non-monetary contribution to the authorized capital of the LLC is carried out by an independent appraiser, and the participants cannot approve the value of the fixed assets higher than that given by the appraiser, a difference is likely to arise between the residual value of the contributed fixed asset and the value at which this property is valued by an independent appraiser (clause 2 Article 66.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). This difference is taken into account in account 91.

In addition, a VAT payer organization, when transferring fixed assets as a contribution to the authorized capital, will have to restore the VAT previously accepted for deduction on this fixed asset. VAT is restored in proportion to the residual value of the fixed asset transferred as a contribution (clause 1, clause 3, article 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The amount of recovered VAT by the transferring party is indicated in the documents that formalize the transfer of the fixed asset object, and is accepted for deduction from the receiving party. For the transferring party, the restored VAT is taken into account as part of financial investments.

Let's show this with an example.

The organization makes a contribution to the authorized capital of the LLC with an object of fixed assets with an initial cost of 560,000 rubles. Depreciation at the time of disposal of the object is 139,000 rubles. The cost (excluding VAT), which was determined by an independent appraiser for the transferred property, amounted to 480,000 rubles. This cost was approved by the decision of the LLC participants. The amount of VAT previously accepted for deduction on an asset was 100,800 rubles. Therefore, VAT in the amount of 75,780 rubles (100,800 * (560,000 - 139,000) / 560,000) is subject to restoration.

Here are the accounting records generated for the transaction of transferring an asset as a contribution to the authorized capital:

Operation Account debit Account credit Amount, rub.
01/B 01 560 000
02 01/B 139 000
The transferor's financial investments are reflected in the form of the cost of the fixed asset, determined by an independent appraiser and approved by the LLC participants 58 “Financial investments”, sub-account “Units and shares” 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” 480 000
The residual value of the fixed assets transferred as a contribution was written off (560,000 - 139,000) 76 01/B 421 000
VAT restored when transferring an asset as a contribution 19 “VAT on purchased assets” 68, subaccount “VAT” 75 780
Reinstated VAT is included in the cost of financial investments 58, sub-account “Units and shares” 19 75 780
A positive difference is reflected between the residual value of the fixed asset and its agreed valuation (480,000 - 421,000) 76 91, subaccount “Other income” 59 000

If the difference in the assessment was negative, another expense would arise: Debit account 91, subaccount “Other expenses” - Credit account 76

Transfer of fixed assets under an exchange agreement

In the case when an asset is transferred in exchange for other property, it is necessary to reflect the sale of the asset, as well as the acquisition of other property. The receivables and payables arising from the transactions will need to be offset.

Let's give an example. An organization on OSNO transfers an OS object under an exchange agreement in exchange for goods. The initial cost of the OS is 325,000 rubles. Depreciation at the time of disposal is 86,000 rubles. The purchased goods are valued at 360,000 rubles, incl. VAT 54,915 rubles. The exchange was recognized as equal.

The accounting records of an organization transferring an asset in exchange for goods will be as follows:

Operation Account debit Account credit Amount, rub.
The original cost of a retiring fixed asset has been written off 01/B 01 325 000
Depreciation of fixed assets was written off at the time of disposal 02 01/B 86 000
Revenue from the transfer of an asset under an exchange agreement is reflected 62 91, subaccount “Other income” 360 000
VAT charged upon transfer 91, subaccount “VAT” 68, subaccount “VAT” 54 915
The residual value of an asset transferred under an exchange agreement was written off (325,000 - 86,000) 91, subaccount “Other expenses” 01/B 239 000
Goods were capitalized under an exchange agreement (excluding VAT) (360,000 - 54,915) 41 "Products" 60 305 085
Accepted for VAT accounting on goods received 19 60 54 915
Reflected offset of debt under the exchange agreement 60 62 360 000