The latest information from the corridors of the defense industry complex - submarines of project 949A Antey will begin to undergo a rearmament program. Missile systems "Granite" will be replaced by RK "Caliber" and "Onyx". At this time, the Antey series submarines are using the Granit RK.
Let's take a closer look at these systems:
Granite
The Granite complex uses the P-700 3M-45 cruise missile. The total number of missiles aboard the Anteyev is 24. The main characteristics of the RK "Granite":
- range up to 600 kilometers;
- management of ARLGSN + ANN;
- warhead rocket weight - up to 500 kg in the nuclear version, up to 750 kg in the penetrating version;
- rocket weight of about 7 tons;
- rocket speed 1.5 / 2.5 M.
Anti-ship cruise missile. The development of the complex was started by NPO Mashinostroeniya (OKB-52) by V.N. Chelomey (since 1984, General Designer - G.A. Efremov) in 1969. The Chief Designer - V.I. Patrushev, since 1978 - V.A. Vishnyakov, starting in 2003, after the creation of the directorate of the NPO "mechanical engineering" for the Kyrgyz Republic "Granit" - A.A. Malinin. The development of the Granit rocket was a continuation of work on the creation of an underwater launch rocket with a range of 400-600 km and a flight speed of 3200-3600 km / h of the P-500P type (carrier - PLARK pr.688, project).
The Granite complex possessed a number of qualitatively new properties. For the first time created a long-range missile with an autonomous control system. The on-board control system was built on the basis of a powerful three-processor computer using several information channels, which made it possible to successfully understand a difficult jamming environment and distinguish true targets from any interference. The creation of this system was carried out by a team of scientists and designers of the Central Research Institute "Granit" under the leadership of its general director, Hero of Socialist Labor, Lenin Prize laureate V.V. Pavlov.
The rocket embodied the rich experience of NGOs in creating electronic systems artificial intelligence, allowing you to act against a single ship on the principle of "one rocket - one ship" or "flock" against the order of the ships. Missiles themselves will be distributed and classified according to the importance of the target, they will choose the tactics of attack and the plan for its implementation. To eliminate errors when choosing a maneuver and defeat precisely a given target, electronic data on modern ship classes are stored in the RCC on-board computer. In addition, the car has purely tactical information, for example, about the type of ship orders, which allows the rocket to determine who is in front of it - an convoy, an aircraft carrier or an amphibious assault group, and attack the main targets in its composition.
Rocket 3M45 / SS-N-19 SHIPWRECK of the Granit complex at the Museum of NPO Mashinostroenie, Reutov
Also in the on-board computer there is data on counteracting the enemy’s electronic warfare, capable of staging missiles to lead missiles from the target, tactical techniques for evading air defense weapons. As the designers say, after launching the rocket, they decide which one will attack which target and which maneuvers to do this in accordance with the mathematical algorithms laid down in the behavior program. The missile also has means of counteraction to the anti-missiles attacking it. Destroying the main target in the ship’s group, the remaining missiles attack other ships of the warrant, eliminating the possibility of two missiles hitting the same target.
In the years 1966-1967. in OKB-670, M.M. Bondaryuk was preparing a draft engine 4D-04 of the original circuit for the KR "Granit", designed for speed M \u003d 4. Subsequently, for this missile, the serial marching turbojet engine KR-93 was selected at M \u003d 2.2. The rocket has a turbojet engine and a solid-fuel ring accelerator in the rear part, which starts working under water. For the first time, a complex engineering task starting the engine in a very short time when the rocket leaves the water.
The ability to maneuver missiles allowed them to implement a rational battle order in a salvo with the most effective form of trajectory. This ensured the successful overcoming of the fire resistance of a strong naval group.
TTX missiles:
Case length - 8840 mm (or missiles with CPC?)
Case diameter - 1140 mm
Wingspan - 2600 mm
The diameter of the circumscribed circle (rocket in the container) - 1350 mm
Starting weight - 7360 kg
СРС weight - 1760 kg
Warhead mass:
- 584 kg
- 750 kg (conventional warhead according to other data)
- 618 kg (according to unconfirmed confused data, tape.ru)
Range of action:
- 700-800 km (on a high-altitude trajectory, according to TTZ VPK under the Council of Ministers of the USSR 1966)
- 200 km (on a low-altitude trajectory, according to the technical specifications of the military-industrial complex under the USSR Council of Ministers in 1966)
- 500 km (according to TTZ VPK at the Council of Ministers of the USSR 1968)
- 700 km (on coastal targets)
- 625 km (nuclear warhead, altitude trajectory, data not confirmed)
- 500-550 km (RCC, conventional warhead, altitude path, data not confirmed)
- 200 km (nuclear warhead, low altitude trajectory)
- 145 km (RCC, conventional warhead, low altitude trajectory)
Flight speed:
- 3500-4000 km / h (according to the TTZ military industrial complex at the Council of Ministers of the USSR 1966)
- 2500-3000 km / h (according to the technical specifications of the military-industrial complex under the USSR Council of Ministers in 1968)
- 1.5-1.6 M (at low altitude)
- 2.5-2.6 M (at high altitude)
Flight altitude:
- 20,000-24,000 m (according to TTZ VPK at the Council of Ministers of the USSR 1966)
- up to 14000 m
The cut-off diagram of the device RCC 3M45 complex 3K45 "Granite" - SS-N-19 SHIPWREK. Red indicates a high explosive penetrating warhead.
It should be said that in none of the previous cruise missiles created in the NPOM, so many new complex tasks were concentrated and successfully implemented as in the Granite rocket. The sophisticated design of the rocket required a large amount of ground-based tests in hydro-pools, wind tunnels, on heat-resistant stands, etc.
After carrying out the full volume of ground testing in the Kyrgyz Republic and its main elements (control system, main engine, etc.), flight tests began in November 1975. The complex was presented for state tests in 1979. The tests were carried out on shore stands and lead ships: the submarine and the cruiser Kirov. The tests were successfully completed in August 1983, and by Resolution of the Council of March 12, 1983, the Granit complex was adopted by the Navy.
The missiles of the new third-generation Granite universal missile system had both underwater and surface launches, a firing range of 550 km, conventional or nuclear warhead, several flexible adaptive trajectories (depending on the operational and tactical situation in the sea and air space of the operation area), the flight speed is 2.5 times higher than the speed of sound. The TNT equivalent of the warhead of each rocket is 618 kg, the radius of action damaging factors - 1200 meters.
Warhead types:
- nuclear power up to 500 kt - according to other unconfirmed data 618 kt, radius of damage - 1200 m; according to the agreements between the USSR and the USA (1991), cruise missiles with nuclear warheads are not based on the ships of the Navy of Russia and the USA;
High-explosive penetrating warhead developed by the Altai NPO (Biysk), adopted in 1983. The warhead has an armored body and a fuse with a slowdown.
The complex provided volley fire with all ammunition with a rational spatial arrangement of missiles and an anti-jam independent autonomous selective control system. When creating "Granite", an approach was first used, the basis of which is the interconnection of the elements of a complex system (target designation means - carrier - RCC).
As a result, the created complex for the first time acquired the opportunity to solve any task of naval combat with an outfit of fire weapons of one carrier. According to the experience of combat and operational training of the Navy, it is almost impossible to bring down such a missile. Even if you hit the Granite with a missile defense, the rocket due to its huge mass and speed can save initial speed flight and as a result reach the target.
Launchers SM-233A PKR "Granit" on TAKR pr.1143.5
The Granit missile system is armed with 12 Project 949A Antey submarine cruisers, 24 anti-ship missiles each, with an underwater speed of more than 30 knots. Four heavy nuclear missile cruisers of Project 1144 (such as the Peter the Great) have 20 missiles each in the SM-233 individual underdeck launchers. PU are located obliquely - at an angle of 47º. Before launching the rockets, the containers are filled with water. In addition, these missiles are equipped with the Tavkr "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (pr. 1143.5) - 12 anti-ship missiles.
Each submarine is 10 times cheaper than a US Nimitz aircraft carrier. There are practically no other forces in the Armed Forces of Russia capable of really resisting the aircraft carrier threat. Taking into account the ongoing upgrades of the carriers themselves, the missile system and the Granit anti-ship missile, the created group is able to operate effectively until 2020.
| Description | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Developer | TsKBM | ||
| Designation | complex | P-700 "Granite" | |
| rocket | 3M45 | ||
| NATO designation | SS-N-19 Shipwreck | ||
| First start | 1975 | ||
| Control system | inertial with active radar targeting | ||
| Length m | 10 | ||
| Wing span, m | 2,6 | ||
| Diameter m | 0,85 | ||
| Starting weight, kg | 7000 | ||
| Type of warhead | high explosive cumulative | nuclear (500 ct) | |
| Warhead weight, kg | 750 | ||
| Power point | |||
| Sustainer engine | Turbojet engine KR-93 | ||
| Thrust, kgf (kN) | |||
| Start-up stage | solid fuel | ||
| Flight data | |||
| Speed, km / h (M \u003d) | on high | 2800 (2,5) | |
| near the ground | (1,5) | ||
| Launch Range, km | 550 (625) | ||
| March altitude, m | |||
http://youtu.be/rAfnkCCpkOU
Onyx
The Onyx missile system uses the P-800 3M55 cruise missile. Onyx is an anti-ship missile medium range and is intended to defeat enemy surface ships with active fire and electronic countermeasures.
The rocket was created at one time in opposition to the American "Harpoons".
Main characteristics:
- missile weight 3.1 tons;
- rocket speed 2 / 2.6 M;
- firing range 120-300 kilometers;
- altitude characteristics from 10 to 14000 meters;
- Inertial control + RLGSN;
- The weight of the warhead is 250 kilograms.
What gives the use of a rocket:
- autonomy of application (the concept of "shot and forgot");
- use of subtle trajectories;
- large supersonic flight speed;
- the use of stealth technologies such as "Stealth";
- high noise immunity.
Developer BASU PKR "Yakhont" - Central Research Institute "Granite".
The RCC power plant includes a marching supersonic ramjet engine (SPVRD) with an integrated solid-propellant starting accelerator. SPVRD developed by Flame. In 1983, a preliminary design was prepared, and in 1987 flight tests of the engine as part of a rocket began.
The SPVRD is designed for mid-flight flight at a speed of 2.0-3.5 M in the altitude range from 0 to 20 thousand m. The engine thrust is 4000 kgf, dry weight (combustion chambers) is 200 kg. SPVRD air intake - nasal axisymmetric with a central cone. SPVRD is equipped with a traction change system with an adjustable nozzle.
In fact, the entire rocket - from the frontal air intake to the nozzle exit - is a power plant organically combined with a glider. With the exception of the central cone of the air intake, in which the control system blocks, the antenna of the homing radar and the warhead are located, all the internal volumes of the rocket, including the air duct of the ram engine, are used for marching fuel and an integrated solid propellant launch-booster stage.
After the rocket leaves the launch container, a solid-fuel booster block is installed, installed on the principle of “nesting dolls” in the combustion chamber of the main engine. A few seconds of his work accelerate the rocket to a speed of Mach 2. Then the starter is turned off, it is thrown out of the marching flow of air, and the Yakhont continues to fly at a speed of 2.5 mach provided by a ramjet liquid air-jet engine. The missile is equipped with a combined guidance system (inertial on the marching section of the trajectory and active radar - at the final stage of flight).
The flight mission is formed according to data from an autonomous target designation source. A homing radar (radar) can capture a cruiser class surface target at a range of up to 75 km. After the initial capture of the target, the missile turns off the radar station and performs a reduction to extremely small heights (of the order of 5-10 m). As a result, in the middle section, the flight is carried out under the lower boundary of the air defense zone. In the future, after the release of anti-ship missiles due to the radio horizon, the radar is switched on again, captures and accompanies the target that the missile is aimed at. In this relatively short flight section, the Yakhont supersonic speed makes it difficult to hit it with short-range air defense systems, as well as interfering with its homing head.
Due to the short flight time and the long range of the homing head, the Yakhont missile launcher does not impose strict requirements on the accuracy of target designation information.
An overview of the entire target position zone from a great height creates the conditions for the preliminary target distribution of missiles over group ships and the selection of false targets. The main advantage of the Yakhont rocket is its targeting program, which allows it to act against a single ship on the principle of “one rocket - one ship” or “flock” against a warrant of ships. It is in a salvo that all the tactical capabilities of the complex are revealed. The missiles themselves distribute and classify according to the importance of the target, choose the tactics of attack and the plan for its implementation. The autonomous control system contains data not only on counteracting the enemy’s electronic warfare, but also methods of evading fire from air defense systems. Destroying the main target in the ship’s group, the remaining missiles attack other ships of the warrant, eliminating the possibility of two missiles hitting the same target. To eliminate errors when choosing a maneuver and defeat precisely a given target, electronic portraits of all modern ship classes are embedded in the on-board computer (BCM) of the rocket. In addition, the BCVM also has purely tactical information, for example, about the type of ships, which allows you to determine who is in front of it - an escort, aircraft carrier or landing group, and attack the main targets.
An early reduction of the missile based on the care of the radio horizon relative to the target to be fired ensures that missiles are escorted by anti-aircraft defense systems, which, along with high supersonic speed and extremely low altitude in the homing section, dramatically reduces the ability to intercept missile launchers "Yakhont" even the most advanced naval air defense systems.
The rocket itself is enclosed in a sealed transport and launch container (TPK). The almost complete absence of gaps between the fuselage of a cruise missile and the inner surface of the TPK indicates the density of the layout. The dimensions of the rocket make it possible to double, triple the ammunition load of carriers of anti-ship missiles of a similar class.
The launch vehicle is an integral part of the rocket. In TPS, being completely ready for combat use, the missile leaves the manufacturer, is transported, stored and delivered to the carrier. Without removing from the container through a special board-connector, the technical condition of the rocket and its systems is controlled.
TPS with a rocket is extremely unpretentious in operation, does not require the supply of liquid and gas, and does not impose additional requirements for the microclimate in storage and on carriers. All this as a whole not only simplifies operation, but also serves as a guarantee of high reliability of equipment, which is in “comfortable” conditions throughout the entire service life.
| Description | ||
|---|---|---|
| Developer | NGO Engineering | |
| Designation | complex | P-800 "Yakhont" ("Yakhont-M") |
| rocket | 3M55E | |
| NATO designation | SS-N-26 | |
| First start | 1987 | |
| Geometric and mass characteristics | ||
| Length m | 8 | |
| Wing span, m | 1,7 | |
| Diameter m | 0,7 | |
| Starting weight, kg | 3000 | |
| Transport and launch cup (TPN) | length m | 8,9 |
| diameter m | 0,71 | |
| starting weight, kg | 3900 | |
| Power point | ||
| Sustainer engine | SPARD | |
| Thrust, kgf (kN) | 4000 | |
| KS weight, kg | 200 | |
| Start-up stage | solid fuel | |
| The mass of the CDS, kg | approx 500 | |
| Flight data | ||
| Speed, m / s (M \u003d) | on high | 750 (2,6) |
| near the ground | (2) | |
| Launch Range, km | along a combined path | up to 300 |
| along a low altitude trajectory | up to 120 | |
| Flight altitude, m | on the march | 14000 |
| on low altitude trajectory | 10-15 | |
| at the goal | 5-15 | |
| Control system | autonomous with inertial navigation system and homing radar | |
| GOS | range, km | up to 80 |
| target capture angle, deg | +/- 45 | |
| weight kg | 89 | |
| readiness time, min | 2 | |
| Type of warhead | penetrating | |
| Warhead weight, kg | 200 (250) | |
| The inclination of the launcher, deg. | 0-90 | |
| Readiness of the complex for launch from the cold state of the carrier equipment, min | 4 | |
| Inter-audit time, year | 3 | |
| Warranty period, year | 7 | |
http://youtu.be/HNztSsjmLYU
Caliber
The Klab-S or Caliber-PLE missile system using the ZM-54E Caliber missile was designed for installation on underwater carriers, the main purpose is to defeat enemy surface ships of any type with strong fire and electronic countermeasures.
The homing head "ARGS-54" is made with high protection against interference, continues to work with a 6-point sea state.
The missile consists of the main parts - the launch accelerator, the marching subsonic stage, the supersonic penetrating warhead.
The 3M-54E1 missile can also be used on underwater media. It differs from the ZM-54E in a shorter length (620 cm), a twice as large warhead weight and an increased range of use. 3M-54E1 does not have a detachable warhead.
For the first time, they started talking about the Caliber rocket in 1999 after an exhibition in Singapore.
Main characteristics:
- missile length 8.22 / 6.2 m;
- starting weight 2300/1800 kg;
- penetrating warhead landmine 200/400 kg;
- range of defeat 220/300 km;
- missile speed: marching 0.8M, the target is about 3M;
- flight height 10-150 meters;
- range of use up to 65 kilometers;
- management of ANN + RLGSN;
What gives the use of a rocket:
- can be used in a salvo of missiles;
- all-weather and all-weather use;
- Practical stealth due to flying at low altitudes.
History of creation
The “Club-N” and “Club-S” missile systems were developed and produced (the main elements) of the Novator Design Bureau (Ekaterinburg). The first test launch of an anti-ship missile (RCC), according to media reports, took place from a nuclear submarine (nuclear submarine) in the Northern Fleet in March 2000, and the second in June of the same year from a diesel submarine (DPL) of project 877 of the Baltic Fleet. Both launches were considered successful.
The first basic element of the system is the universal Alpha rocket, which was demonstrated in 1993 (10 years after the start of its development) at the arms exhibition in Abu Dhabi and at the MAKS-93 international aerospace show in Zhukovsky. In the same year she was adopted.
According to Western classification, the rocket received the designation SS-N-27 Sizzler (from "sizzle" - hissing sound made by oil boiling in a pan). In Russia and abroad (according to various mass media, reference books of the Jane's series, etc.), it was designated as Klub, Turquoise (Biryuza) and Alpha (Alpha or Alfa).
Appointment
The Club-N type missile system is designed to defeat all types of enemy surface ships and submarines during combat operations under conditions of strong electronic and fire countermeasures.
Composition
The composition of the missile system includes missile (strike missile) systems (RC) Club-N (Club-N) and Club-S (Club-S), which are installed on surface ships and submarines, respectively, as a strike missile weapons.
Missile systems, in turn, include military equipment (missiles for various purposes, universal system control - SU, launchers), as well as a universal complex of ground equipment that solves the problems of technical support.
Rockets the systems are largely unified among themselves, but, depending on their purpose and basing, have different names and some differences:
Underwater-based anti-ship cruise missile (ASM) ZM-54E of the Club-S complex (Club-S) is designed to destroy surface ships of various classes (cruiser, destroyer, landing ship, transport, small missile ship, etc.), both single and and acting as part of a group, in conditions of organized opposition. ARGS-54 missile homing head (Radar-MMS OJSC, St. Petersburg) with a maximum range of about 60 km, 70 cm long, 42 cm in diameter and 40 kg in weight, has high noise immunity and can function in case of sea waves 5 -6 points. The missile consists of a launch accelerator, low-flying subsonic march stage and detachable supersonic penetrating warhead. Surface-mounted anti-ship missiles 3M-54TE are used in the Club-N RC (Club-N) and are distinguished by the presence of a transport and launch container (TPK) for launching from a vertical (VPU) or inclined launch (PU) installation;
Underwater anti-ship two-stage missile defense system ZM-54E1 of the Club-S complex (Club-S) (Club-S) is designed to hit the same targets as the 3M-54E, but differs from the latter by a shorter length (6.2 m), 2 times increased mass Warhead and 1.4 times firing range. This allows you to place it on surface ships of small displacement and use on submarines of shortened to 6.2 m torpedo tubes of the NATO standard. For the first time, information about this missile was presented at an arms exhibition in Singapore (May 1999) and in Russia the same year at an arms exhibition in Nizhny Tagil. The missile consists of a launch accelerator and a low-flying subsonic marching stage (does not have a supersonic detachable combat stage). Subsonic RCC ZM-54E1 can be installed on ships of small displacement and submarines of foreign manufacture with shortened torpedo tubes. RCC 3M-54TE1 is used in the Club-N complex (Club-N) and is distinguished by the presence of TPK for launching from vertical UVP or inclined launchers
The anti-submarine (sometimes called ballistic) guided missile (PLUR) 91RE1 is designed to destroy enemy submarines. The warhead of the missile is a high-speed anti-submarine torpedo (MPT-1UME) or an underwater missile (APR-3ME) with a sonar target homing system, used in the Club-S complex (Club-S). The rocket is launched from a 533-mm torpedo tube about 8 m long at a carrier speed of up to 15 knots. The solid-fuel engine of the first stage of the rocket provides its movement on the underwater section of the trajectory, out of the water and climb. After the start stage is separated, the second stage engine is switched on, which ensures a controlled flight of the rocket to the calculated point where the warhead is separated from the rocket body, and searches and guides the target. PLUR 91RTE2 is used in the Club-N complex (Club-N), it is distinguished by the size and design of the starting engine and the presence of a TPK for starting from UVP or inclined launchers;
A two-stage cruise missile for hitting ground (coastal) targets of underwater (ZM-14E) and surface (3M-14TE) basing in appearance, aerodynamic design, overall characteristics and propulsion system is similar to the ZM-54E1 anti-ship missile and is similar to the strategic missile system of the RK missile system -55 "Grenade" (firing range up to 3000 km). It has a high-explosive (instead of penetrating) warhead, which is blown up in the air to cause maximum damage to the object and the active ARGS-14E homing radar (Radar MMS OJSC, St. Petersburg) with a highly effective missile guidance system at the target on the final trajectory flight. In terms of these indicators, it surpasses foreign analogues, incl. and the American Tomahawk, which may interfere with the GPS satellite navigation system. With a starting weight of 2000 kg (warhead 450 kg) and a flight speed of up to 240 m / s it can hit targets at ranges up to 300 km. It was first shown in February 2004 at the 3rd International exhibition of land and naval weapons "Defexpo India" (Delhi). During its development, the Granate strategic cruise missile (NATO code SS-N-21 Sampson), designed to equip nuclear submarines of project 971, 945, 671RTM, 667AT, etc., was used as a prototype.
The main characteristics of RCC
| 3M-54E / TE | 3M54E1 / TE1 | |
| Length m | 8,220/8,916 | 6,200/8,916 |
| Diameter m | 0, 533/0, 645 | 0, 533/0, 645 |
| Maximum firing range, km | 200 | 300/275 |
| Flight altitude, m on the march in the final section | 10-20 less than 10 | 10-20 less than 10 |
| Maximum speed, M on the march in the final section | 0,6-0,8 0,6-0,8 | 0,6-0,8 0,6-0,8 |
| Weight kg: starting (without TPK) Warhead | 2300/1951 200 | 1780/1505 400 |
| inertial + active seeker | ||
Main characteristics of PLUR
| 91RE1 | 91RTE2 | |
| Caliber mm | 533 | 514 |
| Length m | 7,65 | 6,2 |
| Depth of start, m | 20-150 | . |
| Firing range, km from a depth of 20-50 m from a depth of 150 m | 5-50 5-35 | 40 . |
| The number of missiles in a salvo for 1 target, pcs | up to 4 | up to 4 |
| Maximum flight speed, M | 2,5 | up to 2 |
| Weight with warhead (MPT-1UME), kg Warhead | 2100 300 | 1200 300 |
| Trajectory | ballistic | |
| Control and guidance system | inertial | |
| Prelaunch time, s | 10 | 10 |
Universal shipboard control system (SU) missile system, operating in real time, is intended for prelaunch missiles, the formation and commissioning of a flight mission. According to the target designation data from the combat information-control system (radar system entered by the operator), and according to the information from the navigation equipment of the ship, the SU generates data for firing, controls prelaunch preparation and launch, as well as routine missile inspection.
All instruments of the control system, except for the missile weapon control panel, are maintenance-free and waterproof. The equipment is fire and explosion proof.
Features
The missile system "Club" (Club) can be used in almost any physical-geographical and weather climatic conditions day and night.
The presence in the system of missiles for various purposes with a unified naval unit allows you to change the composition of the ammunition missiles on the media depending on the task and the specific combat situation.
Currently, the Club missile system has no world analogues. With its widespread use, it is able to radically change the nature of naval combat, which even makes a small and “weak” fleet a serious threat to large enemy naval groups and disrupt its important sea lanes.
In foreign reference books of the Jane's series, it is considered as a system of anti-submarine and anti-ship (anti-sub / ship cruise missile - ASCM) missiles.
http://youtu.be/9K7EX_ItvVERe-equipment of submarines.
The St. Petersburg Central Design Bureau Rubin designed the modernization of the re-equipment of the Antey submarines.
Due to the almost identical mass and dimensional characteristics, the new missile systems will be placed in the "old" containers, in which Granite rockets are currently stored.
According to the data available to date, the replacement of the complexes will be carried out at the Severodvinsk plant of TsS Zvyozdochka OJSC and the Far Eastern plant of Zvezda OJSC.
At the moment, the Navy Russian Federation Planned to modernize and repair the Antey submarines. In November this year, the Zvyozdochka plant completed the repair and modernization of the Voronezh submarine under the number K-119.
An Antey project submarine, the Smolensk submarine under the number K-410, has already been replaced in its place for repairs. These submarines are active combat submarines of the Northern Fleet.
The main characteristics of the submarines of the Antey project:
- length 154 meters;
- width 12.2 meters;
- displacement of 24,000 tons;
- ship speed underwater 32 knots, surface 15 knots;
- autonomy of 120 days;
Armament:
- twelve paired launchers with 24 KR "Granite"
- 2 TA 650 mm and 4 TA 533 mm, ammunition 28 torpedoes.
These complexes plan to rearm the submarines of the Ash project (project 885).
One of the first nuclear submarines of the Yasen project, the Severodvinsk nuclear submarine, will become part of the Russian Navy in 2012.
MED Landfill on the island of Ile do Levant
An alarming ruby \u200b\u200bflashed and shone on the SWG-1 panel, the operators of the RICA "Rafael Peralta" destroyer began to prepare for the launch of an experimental rocket. Guidance systems woke up, data on the coordinates of the launch point and the optimal route to the target, the calculation scheme and the method of attack flowed into the on-board computer of the RCC. When the Start command passed along the chain, the ship started from the boom of a launch rocket. The last thing the officers standing on the bridge saw was how terribly the bulkhead bent under the onslaught of violent power. After a moment, she burst, and everything that was nearby was carried away somewhere in the night, night, night.
Report what happened to the exercise headquarters. Holy Christmas !!! The American destroyer shot himself a superstructure ...
What happened (or could have happened) at the NATO naval exercises? About this - in the new chapter of the naval action movie on the confrontation between modern and protective equipment.
In disputes about naval weapons, the main argument of all experts is the P-700 Granit anti-ship missile system. Seven tons at three speeds of sound will break through any defense. And none of the wise men somehow guessed: why were they going to sink Russian ships with Russian missiles? Who wants to repeat the feat of Lieutenant Schmidt? If you are already going to battle, then choose an adequate opponent.
The Harpoon universal air, ship and underwater missile (the United States and twenty-five of its loyal allies), Exocet (in service with 30 countries of the world), the unremarkable Type 90 (Japan), the extremely smart and modern NSM (Norway - NATO), little-known RBS (Sweden), export domestic X-35 “Uranus”, promising American LRASM, decommissioned “Tomahawk” TASM modifications, Israeli “Gabriel”, Italian “Otomat”, European “Scalp-Naval”, Chinese counterfeit "Inji" for the tattered Hezbollah and ISIS ...
Is the list weak? Too weak rockets, the most massive of which (LRASM and TASM) weigh only about a ton.
And this is amazing. None of the foreign anti-ship missiles even came close to the seven-ton “monsters of the two elements” from the Chalome Design Bureau.
Well, what if “beyond the hill” still decide to create their own “Granite” and equip them with all the cruisers, destroyers and submarines? Well, easily!
"Rattlesnake"
In response to the construction of a series of major destroyers in China, the Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) has launched work to create an adequate response. The project became known as the “Revolutionary approach to delivering urgent strikes at long distances” or, in short, RATTLRS (“Rattlesnake”).
A new generation supersonic missile system, capable of knocking out a rank 1 ship due to a massive warhead and high speed. Such weapons have never been used by the Navy of Western countries. The only prototype could serve as Soviet superheavy missiles design KB them. Chelomea: “Granite” - “Basalt” - “Volcano”.
The length of the accelerator is 30 feet 9 meters.
Case diameter - 1.14 m.
Starting weight - 15,000 pounds 7000 kg.
Estimated launch range - 500 miles 800 km.
Flight profile - combined, with marching section at an altitude of 20,000 m.
Thanks to modern technology, it was planned to increase the transcendental characteristics of “Chelomeevsky” rockets to the level of fantastic blockbusters. The declared speed of RATTLRS on the marching section 3-4 Mach - over a kilometer per second! However, in the final section, due to air resistance at low altitudes, RATTLRS, like its predecessors, slowed down to one and a half sound speeds.
Like its Soviet counterparts, the RATTLRS could be equipped with a high-explosive warhead weighing 700 kg with a focused effect on the target. According to calculations, a directed explosion of a warhead could break the skin on an area of \u200b\u200b22 square meters. m and completely "burn out" compartments in depth of 12 meters.
It doesn’t matter how many years the development of the rocket would take. First, it was necessary to determine the circle of its possible carriers. And at this stage “some technical difficulties” arose.
The main and almost the only option for deploying missile ammunition in the fleets of the United States and its allies is the Mark-41 universal installation. It is equipped with 85 surface combat units of the US Navy, as well as 24 Japanese destroyers, seven ships of the German Navy, five - the Spanish Navy, etc. etc. In total, more than 150 cruisers, destroyers and frigates under the flags of 13 countries of the world.
All these "Orly Burke" and their clones were originally built based on this system. An under-deck installation with many launch cells is one of the main know-how in the construction of Western ships, built since the end of the Cold War.
The installation is extremely compact. The mass of the 64-cell structure along with missiles is 230 tons, and it takes up very little space relative to the size of the ship.
Subtle dashed rectangles in the bow and stern of the destroyer. This is the entire Orly Burke ammunition along with the technical means of monitoring and ensuring the launch of missiles
UVP of the longest "strike" modification (placed only on ships of the US Navy) provides storage and launch of missiles up to 7.7 meters long and with a maximum launch weight of 1.6 tons.
These restrictions are enough to accommodate the Tomahawks and SM-3 space interceptors on board. But is UVP enough to accommodate the Granite counterparts?
For comparison: the diameter of the circumscribed circle (1350 mm, the diameter of the hull, taking into account the folded wings) of the Soviet anti-ship missiles is almost three times the diameter of the launch cell of the American UVP. In other words, when deployed on board the Granites (one at a location for every 9 cells), the ammunition load of American destroyers will drop sharply from 90 to 10 missiles.
Of course, “Granites” as promising RATTLRS would be longer than everything that was put before them. If they are “tamped” in the UVP, they will break through the lower deck and fall down.
But the funny thing will start when you try to launch monsters. Launchers of nuclear "Orlan" (SM-233 complex "Granite") in fact are not vertical. These are inclined shafts installed at an angle of 60 degrees to the horizon.
This was done for two reasons.
1. In order to reduce the required power of the launch accelerator and related mechanical and thermal loads on the ship structure.
With an inclined launch, the rocket, having barely got out of the shaft, immediately opens its wings and begins to use aerodynamic lift to maintain itself in flight.
2. For security reasons. With a vertical launch, in the event of a launch accelerator failure, a 7-ton rocket will “plop” onto the deck and carry the entire ship. When using an inclined launch, the failed ammunition will have time to fly to the side for tens (hundreds) meters and will crash into the sea.
But this was not enough. In order to prevent the monster from burning the entire ship during the start, the SM-233 installation had to be filled before launching with sea water.
At this point, it became obvious that the standard American UVP, to put it mildly, does not meet the requirements for storing and launching missiles like the Granite and the Volcano.
If crazy designers nevertheless decide to equip Atago and Ticonderoga with such a system, then the SM-233 mine will safely “pierce” several bulkheads and stand across the compartments before it takes its place. What will they do with the mains for supplying overboard water and the new cooling requirements for launching mines? The answer to this question no longer makes sense.
You can go back 40 years, trying to place missiles in launchers on the upper deck. Outboard, in two rows, as was done at RKR pr. 1164 Atlant.
But, barely receiving the sketches, the Advanced Defense Research Agency curtailed the program. The fact is that ABSOLUTELY ALL ships built since the beginning of the 90s have a single appearance with a hypertrophied box-shaped superstructure stretching from “side to side”.
Japanese Atago
French FREMM
Russian Ave. 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov"
Firstly, to reduce the signature of the ship using stealth technology.
Secondly, for ease of layout. Place a bridge higher, simultaneously using the superstructure itself (instead of the traditional mast) as a “tower” for placing radars. Whose antenna devices are often “glued” to the external walls of the superstructure.
In this situation, the destroyer will take down the superstructure in the first gulp. About the same as it happened at the very beginning of the article.
You can try to mount a couple of installations on the tank, before the superstructure. About the same as the quad launch boxes for launching the Tomahawks stood on the Springs. The only misunderstanding is Tomahawk is five times lighter than the seven-ton Granite.
Seven tons of fire from the launch booster will burn through the Arly add-on and all the phased destroyer antennas will be blown to hell.
Another option with the transverse placement of PU, when the torch of the engine of the launch rocket is turned overboard, also does not pass. Purely because of the features of the layout of modern "Berks", "Derings" and "Horizons". Most of the silhouette of these ships is occupied by the same box-shaped superstructure "from side to side." The remaining “spots” of the deck on the bow and stern are loaded to the limit with the necessary equipment. UVP cells, universal artillery and a helipad. The attempt to "stick" seven-ton missiles there - only due to the abandonment of some weapons and systems. However, the exchange of 32 universal missile mines of the American destroyer for “boxing” with four RATTLRS anti-ship missiles, from the point of view of the Russian Navy, would be an excellent result. We have achieved our goal. The destroyer of the “probable enemy” completely lost its universality, the lion's share of striking and defensive power. And all for what? Four multi-ton RCC. Three times "ha."
Project Revolutionary Approach to Time Critical Long-Range Strike (aka RATTLRS) in the form of a seven-ton RCC turned into complete absurdity. None of the modern western warships are capable of firing with something even remotely similar to the Granite or Volcano. These exotic monsters were the hallmark of the Soviet Navy, and because of their bulkiness, they survived only on a few active units.
Bad advice
As part of the rearmament of new high-power missiles, Americans are urged to cut all 22 cruisers and 64 destroyers, and 58 multipurpose nuclear submarines, into needles. Since none of these ships in its current form has the ability to fire multi-ton super missile defense systems. This would require a deep modernization with the replacement of the entire superstructure and a complete redesign of the hull, comparable in cost to the construction of a new ship.
As for the local regulars of the VO forum, the question “What is the problem of placing the Granites on a modern destroyer?” an exhaustive answer was given.
Anti-ship missile P-700
missile complex "Granite"
Rocket 3M45 / SS-N-19 SHIPWRECK of the Granit complex at the NPO Mashinostroenie Museum, Reutov.
Classification
Production history
| the USSR Country of Origin |
| NGO Engineering (OKB-52) Developer |
| V.N. Chelomey Chief Designer |
| 1969 - 1983 Years of development |
| November 1975 - July 1983 Test start |
| P-500P; "Granite" with ramjet; OKR Granit / complex 3K45-2 Granit-2, 3M45-2 rocket Modifications |
Operation history
Geometric and mass characteristics
Power point
Flight data
on high
near land / water
History of creation
Background
According to the naval doctrine of the USSR, the main task of the surface fleet, along with providing cover for the patrol zone of the SSBN, was to counter American aircraft carrier strike groups (AUG). To solve this problem, the seventies of the twentieth century, it was decided to create a fundamentally new type of missile cruisers, with a nuclear power plant, both underwater (pr.949) and surface (pr.1144) type. To arm these ships, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a decree was issued on July 10, 1969: to develop a universal missile system that can be used both from submarines and conventional cruisers.
Design work and testing
Rocket 3M-45 Complex P-700 in the context.
The anti-ship missile system P-700 "Granite" was developed at the NPO Mashinostroeniya VN Chelomeya. The chief designer was appointed V.I. Patrushev. According to the technical specifications, new rocket should have been able to autonomously, without interacting with the carrier, choose the main target of the attack in the warrant of the ships. The first tests were started in 1975 at a ground stand, Missiles were tested at the Nenoks training ground (Arkhangelsk region). In total, at least 19 launches were made from ground stands. In 1980, joint testing of the complex with carriers, the Kirov missile cruiser and the K-525 nuclear submarine (project 949 lead ship) began. and the first underwater launch was carried out on February 26, 1976 near Cape Fiolent (peninsula. Crimea). In total, during the flight tests, 45 launches were completed. The cycle of state tests was completed in 1983, and following its results, by resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of March 12, 1983, the Granit complex was adopted by the Navy.
Ever since the creation of the first long-range anti-ship missiles, the need to build a system that would provide target designation for them became obvious. The fact is that the range of the radar of the ship itself is limited by the horizon and is, on average, 40-50 km, depending on the height of the mast at which the antenna is located. As for the over-the-horizon long-wave radars, the effectiveness of their work greatly depends on the state of the atmosphere, and in addition, they are not always able to provide sufficient target designation accuracy for guiding the SCRC. The most promising way to solve this problem would be to create a satellite target designation system, which was developed with the direct participation of Academician Mstislav Keldysh. The system of marine space reconnaissance and target designation (ICRC) "Legend" consisted of one and a half dozen low-orbit satellites equipped with powerful radars and was able to monitor the entire surface of the oceans.
The performance characteristics
PKRK "Granit" on the boat pr.949
The rocket is launched from the transport and launch container, before launch, filled with sea water, which is typical, this scheme is used during launch not only from underwater, but also from surface carriers. In the case of launching from a submarine, this is done for three reasons: to equalize the pressure inside and outside the container, to reduce thermal loads on the launcher, and also to use water as a working substance for the formation of steam that pushes the rocket out of the launcher. As for surface ships, it was decided to abandon the development of two types of complex equipment, two types of launch engines for missiles, purely for economic reasons.
The missile uses a combined guidance system. Access to the target area is carried out according to the inertial navigation system (ANN). For direct guidance of the enemy’s ship, an active radar homing head (ARLGSN) is used. The characteristics of the airborne missile radar allow it to detect a cruiser type target from a distance of about 70 km.
The missiles of the P-700 complex are equipped with an on-board digital computer (BCM) that uses several information channels, which ultimately made it possible to achieve high noise immunity. Granite is a smart rocket. Thanks to the data on the classes of modern ships, various orders, etc., laid down in her digital computer, the missile is able to autonomously select the highest priority target in the group of opponents. In addition, missiles of the P-700 complex are equipped with an information exchange system in flight, this allows the principle of “wolf pack” to be applied. During a volley launch, one of the missiles is assigned the function of leader, while the main part of the "flock" approaches the enemy group of ships at low altitude, hiding behind radio horizons, the leader rocket moves along a high-altitude trajectory, using its airborne radar, intelligence. Having discovered the enemy, the “leader” transmits the information to the “pack”, after which the missiles automatically distribute targets among themselves, in accordance with the program laid down. If the “leader” is shot down, another rocket takes the place of the leader. All this allows you to optimize the defeat of the highest priority enemy ships.
The P-700 has several different options for the flight path, designed for different operational and tactical situations. When starting at maximum range, most of the flight is performed at an altitude of about 14,000 meters and a speed of 2.5 MAX. At the attack site, the missile is reduced to a height of 25 meters, which makes it less vulnerable to enemy anti-aircraft systems. The missile is equipped with a marching turbojet engine KR-93 and a solid fuel starting booster.
Brief table of performance characteristics
Application
P-700 missiles are armed with twenty submarine cruisers of Project 949A Antei (24 launchers each), as well as ships of Project 1144 Orlan (20 launchers each) and 1143 Krechet (12 launchers each). launchers SM-225 (for submarines) or SM-233 (for surface cruisers). On surface ships, the installations are located below the deck, at an angle of 60 degrees. Before starting, launch containers are filled with water. When firing at a large distance (from 100-120 km), in order to reduce air resistance, the missile travels most of the way at an altitude of 14-17 thousand meters and decreases to 25 meters directly in front of the target. In addition to the Legenda MKRC satellite targeting satellite system, the Uspekh aviation complex is also used for guiding missiles, the carrier of which can be Tu-95RC or Ka-25TS helicopters. Theoretically, the P-700 can be used to destroy not only sea, but also ground targets, however, since there is no equipment necessary for flying above land on board the rocket, the entire flight is carried out at high altitude, which greatly increases the probability of its interception by the enemy Air defense.
Solving the problem of the fight against aircraft carriers, which for the last 50 years has been one of the main for our Navy, the leaders of the Soviet and Russian fleets made the main bet on anti-ship cruise missiles (RCC). Such a battle is planned and practiced in the form of special naval operations or fleet operations in the Northern and Pacific fleets. MAIN ENEMY
US admirals call their strike aircraft carriers the "backbone" of the US Navy. These ships can be separated from their bases for many months, regardless of weather, move to every region of the World Ocean except the Central Arctic at high speed, participate in operations of the armed forces against any sea, air and ground enemy, while remaining unattainable to him. These qualities were successfully demonstrated in 1991 in the Persian Gulf and in 1999 in the Mediterranean Sea in aggression against Yugoslavia.
Carrier strike groups (AUG) include, in addition to an aircraft carrier, 8-10 guard ships (1-2 cruisers, up to three destroyers, as many frigates, 1-2 nuclear submarines). The structure of aircraft carrier strike formations (AUS) includes 2-3 aircraft carriers, up to 25-30 guard ships carrying out their anti-submarine, anti-aircraft and anti-missile defense. AUG and AUS can carry from 100 to 300 aircraft, of which half are F / A-18 Hornet fighters capable of using modern high-precision and nuclear weapons.
The AUS ships are armed with from 500 to 1,500 high-precision sea-launched cruise missiles "Tomahawk" with a firing range of 1,500 km in conventional equipment and 2,500 km with a nuclear warhead. This allows us to consider them as a reserve of strategic nuclear forces USA.
Carriers use their weapons from a distance of 1000-1500 km from the coast of the enemy. Through AUG (AUS), the United States, even in peacetime, carries out one of the main strategic tasks of the country's national security - the projection of force in key regions of the world.
STRUGGLE TACTICS
The fire defeat of aircraft carriers and guards in the operations to destroy the AUG (AUS) is carried out by strike groups of submarines with anti-ship missiles in cooperation with naval missile-carrying aviation (MRA) and long-range aviation units (DA) of the Air Force. The main problems in operations of this kind were:
Timely deployment of the required number of nuclear submarines (NPS) into the ocean to create a full-fledged strike group until the AUG approaches the strike line (or mass lift of carrier-based aircraft) and build them into battle formation;
Organization of interaction of submarine strike groups with MRA and YES;
Reconnaissance and target designation at all command posts and strike forces.
To bring an aircraft carrier out of action, it is necessary to hit 8-10 anti-ship missiles with conventional equipment, with the associated destruction of up to half of the security ships. This, in turn, requires the use of up to 70-100 anti-ship missiles from all types of media in one stroke.
AT SMALL DISTANCE
The first anti-aircraft forces became part of the USSR Navy in the 60s. These were 29 nuclear submarines of project 675 with eight R-6 P-6s and 16 diesel submarines of project 651 with four similar missiles. Their firing range was 380 km, which was comparable with the radius of the long-range anti-submarine defense AUG - 370 km. For the launch and guidance of anti-ship missiles, the first-generation submarines had to be in the surface for a long time. In one salvo no more than four missiles could be used. There were significant difficulties in obtaining target designation from the reconnaissance aircraft of the Success system, which were in the reach zone of the AUG air defense. Due to these shortcomings, high combat stability and effectiveness of anti-aircraft forces with anti-ship missiles were not provided.
P-6. In addition, in the 60s. Aircraft carriers RCC, Tu-16, had a tactical radius of action comparable to the range of carrier-based aircraft AUG.
Thus, the probability of failure, and even more so the destruction of an aircraft carrier at that time was very low.
UNDERWATER START
To preserve the main tactical advantage of nuclear submarines - stealth - it was necessary to ensure the underwater launch of anti-ship missiles. This was made possible thanks to the creation in the second half of the 60s. RCC "Amethyst", mounted on nuclear submarines of project 670. However, domestic technology was able to provide a firing range from under water of only 80 km.
But the Amethysts firing was carried out according to the data of their own target designation means - the Kerch sonar complex. The minimum flying time of anti-ship missiles (about 3 minutes) and the low altitude of their flight made it possible to reach almost all missiles fired. However, the short firing range and low - no more than 25 knots - the speed of the Project 670 submarines did not provide long-term tracking of the AOG moving at a speed of 28-30 knots, with the aim of their further destruction.
The creation of the more advanced Malachite anti-ship missile system with a firing range of 120 km did not change this situation. For these reasons, the carriers of these anti-ship missiles were built in a limited series: 11 submarines of project 670 and 6 of project 670M. Now all of them have been withdrawn from the military personnel of the Navy after the expiration of the established period of operation (25 years).
LONG HAND
In the mid 70's. The Scientific and Production Association (NPO) of Mechanical Engineering created the Bazalt complex with the P-500 anti-ship missiles. The missile had a mass of about 6 tons, a firing range of 550 km, a conventional (500 kg) or nuclear warhead, a complex flight path and a speed twice the speed of sound.
The Bazalt complex had an improved target distribution system between eight missiles of one salvo and an optimized algorithm for selecting the main target in the AUG order. For the first time, the P-500 anti-ship missile system was equipped with a radio-electronic countermeasure system, which provides protection against AUG anti-aircraft defense. Target designation "Basalt" was provided by the time created by the system of marine space reconnaissance and target designation "Legend". However, the launch of the anti-ship missile system of the Bazalt complex was still carried out from the surface of the nuclear submarine, which still left the boats vulnerable. Therefore, in the mid 70's. Nine nuclear submarines of project 675 (675MK) were converted to the Bazalt complex. The complex of the same type was installed on four heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers (TAVKR) of project 1143 (type "Kiev") and three missile cruisers of project 1164 (type "Glory", now "Moscow"). Cruisers of the first type carried from 16 to 12, the second - 16 P-500 anti-ship missiles.
"GRANITE" WERE THAN "BASALT"
A qualitative leap occurred only in 1981-1983, when the NPO Mashinostroyenia, using the experience gained in the development of the Bazalt and Malachite complexes, transferred the new third-generation Granite universal missile system to the Navy. Its missiles had both underwater and surface launches, a firing range of 550 km, a mass of 7 tons, a conventional (750 kg) or nuclear warhead, several flexible adaptive trajectories (depending on the operational and tactical situation in the sea and airspace of the operation area) , flight speed 2.5 times the speed of sound.
The complex provided volley fire with all ammunition with a rational spatial arrangement of missiles and an anti-jam independent autonomous selective control system. When creating "Granite", an approach was first used, the basis of which is the interconnection of elements of a complex system (target designation means - carrier - RCC). As a result, the created complex for the first time acquired the opportunity to solve any task of naval combat with an outfit of fire weapons of one carrier. According to the experience of combat and operational training of the Navy, it is almost impossible to bring down such a missile.
The Granit missile system is armed with 12 Project 949A nuclear submarine cruisers, 24 anti-ship missiles each, with an underwater speed of more than 30 knots, four Project 1144 heavy nuclear missile cruisers (of the Peter the Great type) - 20 missiles each and TAVKR Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov "- 12 anti-ship missiles.
Each submarine is ten times cheaper than a US Nimitz aircraft carrier. This is our asymmetric and economical response to the aircraft carrier threat. There are virtually no other forces in the Armed Forces of Russia that are capable of really confronting this threat. Taking into account the ongoing upgrades of the carriers themselves, the Granit missile system and anti-ship missiles, the created group is able to operate effectively until 2020. Naturally, at the same time, it is necessary to develop and maintain operational combat control systems, reconnaissance and target designation. In addition to combating AUGs, combat units of the group are able to act not only against formations of ships of all classes during armed conflicts of any intensity, but also effectively hit missiles with a conventional warhead on the enemy’s coast. If necessary, ships with the Granit complex can serve as a reserve for solving the tasks of the Marine Strategic Nuclear Forces.
Russian Navy
RCC P-700 missile weapons complex "Granite" (Navy URAV Index: 3M45, according to the codification of NATO: SS-N-19 Shipwreck, shipwreck) - a long-range cruise missile anti-ship missile (RCC), designed to combat powerful naval groups, including aircraft carriers.
When creating the complex, an approach was used for the first time, the basis of which is the interconnection of 3 elements: target designation means (in the form of spacecraft), carrier and anti-ship missiles. The created complex acquired the ability to solve the most difficult tasks of naval combat with an outfit of fire weapons of one carrier.
Composition
The on-board autonomous selective RCC control system is built on the basis of a three-processor on-board computer (BCM) using several information channels, which allows you to successfully understand a difficult jamming environment and highlight true targets against the background of interference.
The digital computer contains electronic data on modern ship classes; tactical information, for example, on the type of ship warrants, which allows the missile to determine who is in front of it - an escort, aircraft carrier or landing group, and attack the main targets in its composition; data on counteracting enemy electronic warfare, capable of staging missiles to lead missiles away from targets; tactics of evading fire from air defense systems.
The 3M-45 (P-700) missile has several flexible adaptive trajectories depending on the operational and tactical situation in the sea and air space of the operation area. The missile has a marching turbojet engine KR-93 and a ring solid propellant accelerator in the rear part, which starts working under water (when launched from surface ships, the mines are filled with sea water). A variant of the rocket with an experimental supersonic ramjet engine 4D 04 allowed the rocket to reach speeds of up to 4M.
TTX
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Length m | 10 |
| Diameter m | 0,85 |
| Wing span, m | 2,6 |
| Starting weight, kg | 7000 |
| Speed \u200b\u200bat altitude | 2,5 |
| Speed \u200b\u200bnear land / water, | 1,5 |
| Range, km | 550 (625) km along a combined path, 200-250 km along an exceptionally low altitude path |
| Ceiling, m | 14000-17000 meters on the marching section, depending on the trajectory scheme |
| Minimum flight altitude, m | Up to 25 meters on the attack site |
| Control system | ANN + ARLGSN |
| Warhead | Penetrating 750 kg or nuclear, up to 500 ct |
Attack
The complex provides volley fire with the entire ammunition with a rational spatial arrangement of missiles and allows you to act against a single ship on the principle of "one missile, one ship" or together against the warrant of ships.
After a salvo is fired from the carrier, the missiles interact with each other, detecting, classifying and distributing targets among themselves according to the degree of importance and taking into account the battle order of the enemy fleet (aircraft carrier group, convoy, landing). The attack on the compound is organized so that the defeat of secondary targets occurs only after the destruction of priority, and so that one target is not attacked by two missiles.
When firing at a long range, missiles rise to a height of about 14000-17000 meters and perform most of the flight on it to reduce air resistance and increase the radius of detection of targets of the seeker. Having found the target, the missiles carry out identification, distribute the targets among themselves and then drop to a height of 25 meters, hiding behind the radio horizon.
The experience of combat and operational training of the Navy shows that the large mass and high speed of the missiles of the complex make it difficult for them to defeat enemy anti-aircraft missiles. Nevertheless, since the rocket has never been used in combat conditions, opinions about its real effectiveness differ.
Carriers
- 5 nuclear submarines of project 949A of the Antey type - 24 anti-ship missiles each. Two more K-148 Krasnodar and K-173 Krasnoyarsk boats - in the crap, the submarine K-141 Kursk - was lost, the construction of the K-139 Belgorod was suspended (being completed under a special project).
- Peter the Great - 20 anti-ship missiles. 3 more heavy cruisers of the project 1144 are not operational.
- Heavy aircraft carrier cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" project 1143.5 - 12 anti-ship missiles.
The size of the rocket limits the types of media on which it can be placed.
Developers
The on-board autonomous selective control system of the anti-ship missile system was built by a team of scientists and designers of the Central Research Institute “Granit” under the leadership of its general director, Hero of Socialist Labor, Lenin Prize laureate V.V. Pavlov.
The marching turbojet engine KR-93 was developed at the design bureau of the Ufa engine building software under the supervision of chief designer Sergei Gavrilov. The engine control system was developed by the departments of Technical Cybernetics and Industrial Electronics in conjunction with the Lightning NGO.
A variant of the rocket with an experimental supersonic ramjet engine 4D 04 was developed in OKB-670 under the leadership of Mikhail Bondaryuk.
The theoretical foundations of constructing a space target designation system, the relative position of satellites in orbits, and the parameters of their orbits were developed directly with the participation of Academician M.V. Keldysh.
History of creation
- since November - the stage of flight design tests
- - August - state tests
- March 12 - the complex was put into service.
Notes
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See what "P-700 Granite" is in other dictionaries:
P-700 Granite cruise anti-ship missile (3M-45) - The anti-ship cruise missile P 700 “Granite” (3M 45) 1983 The universal missile system “Granit” with the long-range anti-ship cruise missile P 700 of an underwater surface launch is designed to destroy aircraft carrier groups ... Military Encyclopedia