Less than a quarter country will choose the president Russian Federation. The nearest elections should take place on March 18, 2018. It is worth finding out the conditions of the following elections that change almost every year.

In 2017, amendments to the law "On the presidential election" was adopted. The most important change is the cancellation of abnormal certificates. Now you can vote on any plot, simply applying. All major changes were invented to increase the appearance of people in the 2018 elections.

Back in 2006, the voting legislation was canceled by the yard threshold. But earlier, in order for the elections to be recognized as held, at least 50% of voters were to participate in them. So in 2018, elections will be considered valid even with low voter activity.

The threshold of appearance for the presidential election of the Russian Federation of 2018 is increased

Experts believe that due to the new amendments in the law "On the presidential elections", where abandoned certificates were canceled, the voter turnout will be raised by 5 million. New amendments cancel abnormal certificates and include citizens in voter lists on electronic statements, also legislatively enshrine the possibility of video surveillance on sites and simplify the work of observers in elections. In the last presidential election, 1,600,046 Russians voted in revealed certificates. But you can only imagine how many people really wanted to vote, but at the time of the elections were not at the place of its registration. At the same time, they did not want to communicate with abtenant certificates, because in order to get them, it is necessary to get a lot of time and strength. So, most likely, all these simplifications with "pieces" will help many people give their vote at the closest elections.

But at the same time, many believe that the voter turnout will still be very low and, possibly, even lower than last year. After all, many people simply refuse to go to elections for their own reasons.

Experts also believe that the situation can be changed due to the improvements of the conditions. Namely: it is necessary to maximally inform all Russians, remove all bureaucratic obstacles and try to increase the availability of polling stations in all ways.

When the elections are considered invalid? This issue is traditionally paid not too much attention, while funds mass media Focus its interest on the election race and gaining increasingly popular cases of falsifications and violations in the course of elections. Meanwhile, in case of recognition of the elections, repeated elections are carried out, the organization of taxpayers go to the organization again - money from voter pockets. In the light of the creation of a new billing about the elections in 2013, this topic becomes more actual.

The need for the procedure for recognizing elections failed to arise due to the probability of occurrence of situations in which some candidates have a formal technical advantage over others. The legislative base of the question has undergone repeated changes in order to objectively comply with the changing conditions of Russian reality. The last serious amendments in 2006 were the abolition of the minimum threshold of turnout at polling stations (20% for regional elections, 25% - in the elections to the State Duma, 50% - in the elections of the President of the Russian Federation) and the column "against all" in bulletins. The latter caused a large public resonance, so far many citizens and political figures continue to insist on returning this graph. The abolition of the minimum threshold, on the one hand, is objectively due to the voluntary participation of citizens in elections, on the other, it creates favorable conditions for various kinds of violations and falsifications.

Currently, the grounds for recognizing the elections failed the following reasons:

• One list of candidates must be allowed to the distribution of deputy mandates. Here we are talking about the passage barrier, which is currently 5%. The bodies and failure of the state legislative (representative) authority is apparent similarly.
• Lists of candidates must be made to the distribution of deputy mandates, in the amount of voters who visited polling stations in the amount of votes.
• With repeated voting, all candidates have dropped out.
• None of the two candidates scored enough to election the number of votes in the case when the law provides for a repeated vote.

The decision to recognize the elections failed to endure the election commission.

The holding of repeated elections is also assigned in the case of the recognition of the results of the first elections invalid - these concepts are unequivocal, not followed to be confused in the failed elections. In reality, such a situation is less likely due to the absence of strict unambiguous invalidity criteria results. In the law, we are talking about violations that do not allow to reliably determine the results of the will of citizens, however, the exact list of violations (they include violations during the election campaign and agitation, illegal manipulations with ballots and directly preimage violations in the work of the election commission) and the degree of seriousness is determined in Each particular case in fact. The election results can also be invalid by the court decision. In this case, the concept of "failed elections" contains largely more than certainty than the definition of "invalid results".

Confidently can be said that the legislative framework and the criteria in assessing this issue will change repeatedly, at the moment the 2013 law fully meets changes in Russian political reality recent years and prepares the ground for the next elections to the State Duma in 2016

What to expect from the upcoming elections? Discussion on our forum.

Graphs "against all" began to speak immediately after the cancellation. Few people know, but in Russia there is a political party "against all" by the Ministry of Justice, which appeared in 2012, but she did not achieve success in federal and regional elections. Moreover, another candidate for the presidency of the Russian Federation of Ksenia Sobchak at the start of his election campaign positioned itself precisely as a candidate "against all", which was reflected in its campaign materials. Therefore, it is necessary to remember why such a graph appeared and which semantic load it was carried.

Alternative to all candidates

The graph "against all" can be considered a certain feature of the post-Soviet understanding of democracy, because in the bulletins of most countries of the world, where elections are conducted, such a graph does not exist. Perhaps this is due to the peculiarities of the formation of democratic procedures in perestroika, when the population is freely free and openly could choose deputies for the congress people's Deputies THE USSR. At that time, from the bulletin, it was possible to simply delete all candidates, which was a certain voting form against all the candidates submitted. As for Russia, we first vote against all candidates, it became possible in the elections to the State Duma in 1993. Then 4.22% of voters took advantage of this opportunity, two years later - only 2.91%. If you look at the statistics of the presidential elections and the State Duma from 1993 to 2004, it can be seen that the graph "against all" has never gained more than 5% of the votes of the voters, otherwise it collected a negligible percentage at all. For example, in the elections of the President of Russia in 2000, there was a tick of only 1.8% of the voting. It will not be noted that at the beginning of the 2000s, Boris Nemtsov, Valery Novodvorskaya and Lion Ponomarev, was agitated for the column "against all", but it did not affect her popularity.

At the same time, at the regional election, the situation was fundamentally different. In 2004, in the elections of the head of the Kurganinsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, this graph chose more than 65% of voters, which is a kind of record; In 2005, in elections in 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 14.46% of those voted voted against all on average. In the same year was adopted the federal lawwho allowed the regions to exclude in their elections to "against all" in their elections, but only Moscow took advantage of the elections to the city duma in December 2005. After half a year, July 12, 2006, it was canceled everywhere.

The last time the question of the return of the column "against all" at the state level was raised in 2011 with the submission of the leader of the Fair Russia party Sergey Mironov, but the bill was not considered. Nevertheless, in 2015, the law was entered into force prepared by the State Duma of Russia, which returned this graph for municipal elections. While the right to add to her only Kaluga, Tver Belgorod and Vologda region, as well as the Republic of Sakha and the Republic of Karelia. Only two countries remained in the world, in the ballots of which there is a notorious graph: Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. There is still in Nevada (she appeared there in 1976), but it is rather a separate legal precedent in the United States.

As we see, the return of the column "against all" to the federal level remains a controversial issue. Different social skins, including those held by the WTCI, show that it wants to return to the newsletter about 43% of citizens (2013 data). But experts are sharply against this: in their opinion, this graph prevents the voter to form his choice, it prevents the development of democratic systems, the pushing voter on the voting path for some "abstraction". In fact, the graph "against all" is the Rudiment of the post-pre-stroke system, it was necessary for the formation of political literacy and pluralism among the population of the country after decades of non-alternative Soviet elections.

Hammer

The minimum threshold of turnouts in the world is much more common than the graph "against all", but each country has its own nuances. For example, in the UK, Canada, Spain and the United States, the minimum threshold of the appearance is missing, in France, it is necessary to obtain more than a quarter of the votes made to the lists of voters, and in Turkey, Luxembourg, Greece, Argentina, Belgium and Australia, the Issue is obligatory and even apply penalties to Those who ignore the election. Today, the minimum threshold of voter appears is present in Latin America, Baltic States and Eastern Europe - Poland, Hungary, Croatia, etc.

In Russia, the minimum threshold of the appearance was canceled in 2006 together with the column "against all". Before that, the elections were recognized as held if more than 20% of voters were among the regional elections, 25% in parliamentary elections and 50% on the presidential. But if about the count recalled from time to time, the threshold of the appearance attracted much less attention, since it was discussed only by a narrow circle of experts. Unified opinion did not work out. Some experts believe that the minimum yield threshold is needed, since it is a kind of "filter", which holds the election institute itself from degradation. Others recall that due to the minimum threshold, the regional elections often broke out. For example, in Vladivostok, in the period from 1994 to 2001, elections to the city duma fell 25 times, which not only led to legislative confusion, but also increased regional spending on re-electoral procedures.

Return the minimum threshold of the appearance tried at least twice - in 2013 and 2015. What is noteworthy, both times the initiative proceeded to the deputies of the LDPR fraction. It was proposed to establish a threshold of turnouts of 50% for the elections to the State Duma and the election of the President of Russia, but the bill was not adopted. At the same time, it is worth saying that the appearance of the federal elections after 2006 did not fall below 50%: in 2007, the State Duma elections were 63.71%, in 2011 - 60.21%, and only in 2016 she Successful to 47.88%. The same tendency and presidential elections: In 2008, the turnout was 69.81%, in 2012 - 65.34%. As predicts, this year the voter turnout will be not lower than 70%.

Shaking air

The statement of Yavlinsky on the return of the column "against all" and the minimum yield threshold should be considered no more than ordinary election promises for the public, which does not know the essence of the issue under discussion. The same type can be attributed to the statement of the breast of the presidential salary, the statement of Zhirinovsky that he would have a passport from Ksenia Sobchak for a trip to the United States, etc.

The return of the column "against all" and the minimum yard threshold at the federal level today is hardly possible and hardly necessary. For more than 10 years from the moment of the abolition of both points of electoral legislation, Russia has developed quite sufficient political system. Citizens have already learned how to express priorities, giving their vote for the political force in which they are confident, and choosing the candidate with whom they have certain hopes for the future. Today, not without the help of the CEC, the Russians are aware of the importance of the election process itself, realizing that each filed voice is able to solve the fate of their candidate, and therefore it is necessary to go to the elections. Even in the US, whose foreign policy It was built on defending democratic values \u200b\u200bin the world, every presidential election is accompanied by campaign rollers with the participation of the first echelon media stars, resembling ordinary Americans, as far as it is important to come to the elections and give their vote for a given candidate. We believe that today Russia in this regard is in the right direction.

The high level of turnout in the CEC was explained by several reasons. As the RBC of the Deputy Chairman of the Commission, Nikolai Bulaev, the appearance of the commission, in particular, grew due to the fact that the youth actively voted in these elections, which the CEC managed to attract the polling stations. How many representatives of "youth" voted, Bulaev did not specify. In addition, Bulaev noted, the turnout turned out to be high due to the fact that "both the executive and the legislative power showed a maximum of respect for the voter and tried to convince his voice to be important," and now, according to the deputy chairman of the Commission, "people began to think more about your future "; The reasons for this Bulaev did not name.

The highest appearance was recorded at the first presidential election on June 12, 1991. Then 79,498,240 people took part in the voting - 74.66% of the total number of citizens who have the right to vote. The smallest activity was observed in the 2004 presidential election, when the turnout was 69,572,177 people (64.38%).

In 2018, the number of voters in Russia amounted to 107.2 million people, including 1.5 million Russians who are abroad. Most of the voters - 109.8 million were listed in the 2012 election lists, the least is 106.4 million in 1991.

In these elections, residents of the Crimea were voted for the first time, which became part of Russia in March 2014. The turnout in Crimea by 18:00 amounted to 63.86%, in Sevastopol - 65.69%. Earlier, Crimeans voted only in the elections of the State Duma deputies in 2016: then by 18:00, the appearance on the peninsula was 42.37%. At the elections of the President of Ukraine in 2010, the turnout in Crimea was 63.3%.

Judging by the data on the CEC Appendix at 18:00 Moscow time, the most active in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (84.86%), Tyva (83.36%) and Chechnya (78.11%).

In the presidential election in 2012, according to 18:00, the highest appearance was recorded in Chechnya - 94.89% of voters. Then the appearance of more than 80% was recorded in two regions - in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (85.29%) and in Karachay-Cherkessia (80.85%). Even in eight regions, by 18:00, more than 70% of the inhabitants voted - in Tyva, Mordovia, in Chukotka, in Dagestan, Ingushetia, Tyumen region, Tatarstan and Kemerovo region. The lowest turnout in 2012 was recorded in Astrakhan region (47.14%), in the Stavropol Territory (47.47%) and in the Vladimir region (47.79%).

Apartment in the capitals

Millionic cities traditionally showed the turnout below the middle country. The chairman of the Moscow President Valentin Gorbunov said that the turnout in the capital had exceeded 4-6% of the results of past presidential elections for the same time: according to 6:00 pm, the turnout in the capital was 52.91%.

In the 2012 presidential election, the final appearance in the elections in Moscow was 58.34%. The capital ranked 75th among regions on voter activity. 3.75% of Moscow voters voted at home, by abnormal IDs - 3.97%. According to 18:00 on March 4, 2012, the turnout in the capital amounted to 49.12%, she was the smallest in three districts: Presnensky (44.3%), Beskudnikovsky (44.44%) and Vnukovo (45.01% ).

In St. Petersburg, by 18:00, the appearance reached 55.47% (62.27% of voters were voted in the past presidential election), according to this indicator, the city took 49th place in the country. "Nadomnumbs" was 6.02%, at the place of stay - 2.45%.

The growth of the appearance was recorded in sites abroad. In total, the CEC registered more than 1.5 million voters, of which 35 thousand voted early. Voting was organized in 394 sections in 144 countries.

At the elections of the President of Russia, held in 2012, 1.79 million people had the right to vote abroad, and then 25.24% (442 thousand, TASS data with reference to the CEC) took part in them.

"In some sections, the voter activity has grown twice. But the most characteristic figure of increasing appearance is 12-15%, "said March 18, a member of the CEC Vasily Likhachev (quote on Interfax).

The growth of the appearance was recorded in many countries. Thus, in Uzbekistan, over 5.5 thousand people voted, said "Sputnik Uzbekistan". The turnout has doubled compared with the results in the 2012 election and five times compared with the indicator, which was recorded in the 2016 State Duma elections, told the agency in the embassy.

In the United States and the United Kingdom - countries, relations with which Russia are in crisis, the vote also took place. In the middle of the day at the entrance to the polling station in the embassy in London there was a turn, Interfax reported. It was up to 300 people. Opposite the embassy, \u200b\u200ba manifestation was followed during the day, organized by a businessman Evgeny Chichvarkin, called the boycott of elections (he reported on Instagram about the progress).

In Ukraine, citizens of Russia could not take part in the presidential elections. On Friday, March 16, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine announced that he would not pass citizens to polls for voting, organized at the embassy in Kiev, as well as in consulates in Lviv, Kharkov and Odessa.

As Kremlin wanted

RBC sources close to the Kremlin, RBC, that a good appearance on the results of elections in the presidential administration will consider the indicator from 65% - not lower than in 2012. Judging by the way that the name grew throughout the day of voting, its final results should satisfy the Kremlin, considers the political confantant Dmitry Fetisov.

High turnout is due to the politicization of society, he is sure. Active informing about elections together with international scandals convinced Russians in the importance of elections. Especially bright in this sense were scandals with the International Olympic Committee, which forbade the Russian team to participate in the Olympiad, and an attempt to kill the former Russian scout Sergey Skyrinal in the UK; British authorities believe that Moscow can stand for murder. "At the same time, each of the groups of the population found its motive: Supporters of Vladimir Putin heard the thesis about the importance of the appearance as a criterion of legitimacy of the elections, and the opponents of the current president were able to express protest to him, voting for Pavel Bescrain [CPRF Candidate] and Ksenia Sobchak [Candidate Party "Civil Initiative"], "said Fetisov.

The main cause of high appearance is a very active work of the authorities to inform citizens, the political scientist Abbas Gallov believes. "If it were not for organizational work, the turnout would not exceed 50%. Still, the elections were uninteresting from the point of view of the content, "he said RBC. In the election campaign and the election themselves there were no intrigue, the political analyst says: candidates did not offer anything substantially new and non-standard, and the winner of the election was known in advance. "Usually such things are badly hit on the turnout," Gallyamov said.

According to Fetisov, the "image of an external enemy", which the power created in the election of Russians recent months, stating interventions in Russian State Communications. The political scientist Evgeny Minchenko agrees: True, he is an external enemy necessary for the presidential campaign, considered the image of Alexei Navalny's opposition elections. Its activity and heated conflict with the West and led to the growth of appearance, I am convinced by Minchenko.

The election campaign of candidates for the president of Russia is in full swing. According to sociologists, this year, the turnout on the voting plots will be very high. However, few of the citizens know what should be the minimum appearance in order for the elections to be considered.

In the electoral process, not only the victory of a particular candidate for elections is important, but also the voter turnout. The number of people who came to the plots, talks about the interest of citizens in the elections and the implementation of their constitutional law.

The high yavank of voters to the presidential elections indicates that citizens are ready to realize their rights and choose the candidate whom they consider better than others.

In order for the elections to be considered consistent, previously established a certain percentage of voter turnouts. Until 2006, at least 50% of voters throughout the territory of the Russian Federation should be at polling stations. Only in this case the elections were considered consistent.

Later the law was changed. Experts believe that this happened due to the fact that the turnout in Russia with each subsequent election began to fall. The reason for this is a drop in interest in the electoral process.

Whatever it was, but in 2006, Vladimir Putin, a law was signed, which removes the minimum appearance in the elections of any level, including the presidential. Today, a certain number of election participants in order to be considered invalid, no.

In 2018, we will vote in the elections of the President of Russia, those citizens of the countries that are at the time of voting are not at the place of their registration. Experts assure that this amendment into the law will increase the extension of citizens to polling stations.

According to reports, in the last presidential election, many people wanted to vote, but could not, because they were far from the place of permanent registration. This year this vote will be possible.

The appearance of the election of the President of Russia in 2018 will be high

This year, sociologists predict a very high interest in elections. So, according to the published data of the WTCIOM, in mid-February, more than 80% of citizens surveyed are ready to go to polling stations. In January, the percentage of active Russians was much smaller.

According to the Fund "Petersburg Policy", in certain areas of Russia, the turnout will approach 100%. Such a high percentage may be possible in Tuva and Tyumen regions.