the main Style and fashion Internal and external state functions. Morality, politics and law enforcement essence, features and mechanisms for the implementation of law enforcement policy state

Internal and external state functions. Morality, politics and law enforcement essence, features and mechanisms for the implementation of law enforcement policy state

The function of the state is the main directions of its activities, expressing the essence and appointment of the state in society.

In the functions of the state, the real role that it plays in solving the main issues of social development and primarily in the satisfaction of the diverse interests of the country's population. The functions of the state are established depending on the main tasks facing the state at a particular stage of its development, and are a means of implementing these tasks. The content of the objectives of the state is determined by internal and external factors. If a crisis phenomena In economic life, the task of reforming the economy is put forward in the first place, the social cataclysms cause the state to solve political tasks first of all. Crime growth determines the adoption of measures to identify and eliminate the reasons for its generating. The threat of external aggression forces more actively to lead diplomatic work and the preparation of the population to reflect possible aggression.

There are domestic and external state functions.

A. Internal functions are the main activities of the state in the management of the country's internal life.

1. The economic function is expressed in developing and coordinating the state strategy and the country's development tactics in the most optimal mode. The economic activity of the state is manifested in the establishment of taxes, issuing loans, investments, determining benefits for some business entities, infrastructure construction (roads, transport, energy, information and other systems), the state should create the legal basis of the market, i.e., as it were Develop "Rules of Game" for business entities, take measures to combat monopolism, stimulate entrepreneurial activities, to protect consumer rights, etc. However, the state can directly manage enterprises of some particularly important industries of the national economy (energy, communication, atomic, defense industry, cosmonautics , informatics, etc.). Here it acts as the owner of the means of production, the manufacturer of material goods.

2. The political function is due to the need to make the harmonization of the interests of various social groups. Using methods such as referenda, plebiscites, elections, the state is able to identify the actual placement of social forces, to take into account in their policies the interests of various social groups and prevent their open collision. The process of forming a parliament, which (ideally), is particularly important, as it should be a slice of society. The organization of this process providing democracy is assigned to the state. In addition, the state ensures the protection of the constitutional system, state sovereignty, leads law-conducting activities and officially represents the population of the whole country, both internal and in foreign policy affairs.

3.Social function. Its implementation allows us to provide normal living conditions for all members of society, regardless of their participation in the production of material benefits, as well as from age, gender, health, etc. Establishment of the minimum wage, pensions, scholarships, benefits, disabled, elderly people, students, children, mothers, unemployed; Allocation of the necessary funds for health care, cultural holiday, education, housing construction for low-paying, establishing a clear work of transport and communication is all that allows people to lead a decent and active life that promotes their development, and not just existence. However, in this case, carefulness is needed: social policy is carried out at the expense of taxes contributed from entrepreneurial activity, and if they are high, then entrepreneurs are lost incentive to work. Society can degrade. But at the same time, social regulation on the principle of the equalization is not able to ensure the progress of society.

4. Law enforcement function, or the function of establishing and law enforcement is the activities of the state to ensure the accurate and complete implementation of the provisions of the legislation by all citizens, organizations, government agencies. This function is performed by various methods. Among them, the method of law-conducting (development and adoption of laws and other regulations), the law enforcement method (the activities of the competent authorities for the application of legal liability measures), organizational and legal, carried out by the executive bodies (regulation of pricing, resolving rallies, demonstrations) and others struggle With offenses - a very important side of the law enforcement of the state. It is conducted with the help of the entire system. law enforcement. The funds invested in the law enforcement system are considerable, and the society has the right to count on a calm and safe life. However, if these funds do not give recoil and crime is not reduced, the ruling elite must think about whether it is effectively managing society.

5. Environmental function has recently been put forward in the category of basic state functions. Humanity approached this line when his activities threaten the very existence of a person: intensive and extensive use of natural resources, the use of some modern technologies violates the balance in a natural environment, which changes the living conditions on Earth, making them impossible for him. The unrestrained exploitation of nature leads humanity into the abyss. The state is obliged to foresee and curb this process with its establishments. In many countries, extensive environmental legislation has been developed, which clearly regulates the activities of people and organizations in the field of use ambient, and harsh measures are applied to his violators (ranging from warnings, solid fines and ending with elimination of enterprises that are sources of environmental pollution).

There are also additional functions of the state, for example, the functions of ensuring national security, the construction of roads, irrigation, landlocation and other public systems, transport, information, combating the effects of natural disasters, etc.

B. External functions are the main directions of its activities in the international arena. Their implementation ensures the full existence of the state in modern worldwhich is becoming increasingly interconnected.

1. The defense function was of paramount importance in previous times. Currently, the world is becoming increasingly civilized, international organizations We assume the regulation of territorial claims and resolution of conflicts between states, warning their military collision. And, nevertheless, even developed countries that have accumulated considerable experience in peaceful coexistence, prefer to keep their armed forces in a state of combat readiness, because not all the ruling elites listens to the world community, and modern weapons allow any uncivilized rulers in a short time and on Large distances to apply destructive blows.

2. The diplomatic function contributes to maintaining acceptable relationships with all countries, regardless of what ideology they adhere to what kind of management system is used. Normal good neighborly relations are the minimum of communication in the international arena, which allows to achieve stability and prosperity of all mankind.

3. Support for world law enforcement (externally political function) lies in political cooperation of states in order to eliminate global armed conflicts. The main international body coordinating the political interests of modern states is the UN, the Security Council of the United Nations of the United Nations is engaged in conflict resolution issues. Associate the maintenance of political stability and security in the world and regional international organizations (the League of Arab States, the Organization of African Unity. Organization of American States. Association of the Pacific countries and others).

4. The foreign economic function is associated with the development of mutually beneficial cooperation of states, which is manifested in the international division of labor, specialization and cooperation of production, the exchange of the latest technologies, coordinating trade, the development of credit and financial ties. Economic cooperation is most effectively between countries geographically related to each other (EEC countries, CIS, etc.).

5. Cultural cooperation between countries is carried out on the basis of bilateral and multilateral treaties by residentials, non-governmental organizations (International Union of Architects, International Chess Federation, Olympic Committee, etc.). Under the UN, cultural activity coordinates UNESCO.

6. Collaboration of states in solving global problems Modernity (rational use of natural resources, environmental protection, energy maintenance, peacekeeping, demographic policies, etc.).

The external activities of states in the modern world will then be effective when it is based on universal values, international legal acts, takes into account national, economic, cultural and other features and interests of all peoples in the world community.

181Sut, features and mechanisms for the implementation of law enforcement policy state

182 Governor, human rights, judicial authorities and their role in the implementation of state law enforcement policy (state policy in the field of proceal protection)

181 Essence, features and mechanisms for the implementation of law enforcement policy state

According to. The Constitution of Ukraine, a person, his life, health, honor, dignity is recognized as a higher value. Such declaration determines the content and focus of the state's activities and all its organs of new on approval, ensuring and guaranteeing human rights and freedoms.

For a legal democratic state, the recognition and practical implementation of human rights and freedoms and citizen, ensure their protection - one of the priority functions. The law enforcement function is leading in with the system of internal functions of the state and provides for guaranteed protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens by establishing an effective legal order, ensuring the legality, protection of national security.

Law enforcement function is implemented through the law enforcement policy of the state, which is a component of state policy

Law enforcement policy is private view The activities of the government and other public institutions of nationwide and local levels aimed at:

Protection and protection of the constitutional values \u200b\u200bof the Ukrainian state and society;

Ensuring the principle of the rule of law;

Protection installed. Constitution of a social system, territorial integrity;

Protection of human rights and freedoms, protection of legal order, restoration of violated law, detection and investigation of crimes

The essence of law enforcement policy is the purposeful activities of power structures and organs government controlled Different levels aimed at ensuring the rule of law, as an objective need to solve the development of the state and society, to prevent and prevent offenses.

An important direction of state law enforcement policy is the formation of legal security, which is a common value, meets the interests of society and citizens. The category "Legal Security" occupies a priority place in the system of national values. It is the fundamental principle of building a legal system, branches of law and their institutions in terms of ensuring safe operation and development in public relations. The dominant in the security system is to create conditions for the safe existence of the personality, the realization of its rights and freedoms. Consequently, the state should guarantee strict compliance with laws, the implementation of the principle of legality, the safety of the individual in society, to ensure the optimal balance between the protection of democratic institutions, the common interests and protection of the rights and freedoms of the individual. Effective di rally states (society) to create safe conditions of existence ensures the natural functioning and development of social relations. The state should guarantee such funds, methods and forms of the activities of law enforcement and judicial bodies, ensuring compliance with the rights and interests of OSIA ISIRESIV OSIB.

State law enforcement policy is directed ?? also to ensure public order and public security, which guarantees avoiding certain hazards both for the entire society and for individual citizens N. It is important to distinguish between the concepts of "public order" and "social security" Public order this system of relations, a set of established rules, a certain order, which formed in society and meet the interests of the state and all of its citizens. Public security is a system of relationships that is formed in the process of preventing and eliminating the threat of life, the health of citizens, their property. Public security is a state when citizens are not threatened with any danger, there is no threat to violations of the normal functioning of state and non-governmental organizations of undershore organisat.

The legal framework for the implementation of state policies in the field of the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society and the state is. Constitution of Ukraine,. Laws of Ukraine: "On the Militia", "On Operational Activity", "On Security Service", "On access to judicial decisions"," On the judication of Ukraine "," about. Constitutional. Court of Ukraine "," About the prosecutor's office "," about. Supreme Council of Justice "," On State Executive Slub "," about. Commissioner. Supreme. Rada of Ukraine for Human Rights "," On State Protection of Bodies state power Ukraine I. officials"," On the organizational and legal basis of the struggle organized with the Locinist "," On measures to counter the illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors and the abuse of them "," On the state protection of employees of the court and law enforcement agencies "Decrees. President of Ukraine" about. The National Anti-Corruption Program "," on improving the coordination activities of law enforcement agencies to combat corruption and organized crime, "orders and. Cabinet. Ministers of Ukraine" On the State Protection Service at. Ministry of Internal Affairs "," On Approval of Model Provisions on Juvenile Services "," Decisions. Cabinetu. Mіnіstiv. Ukrainian "about keeping the service of Okoroni, at. MVS", "Tipiov's hardwood, Proward about the service from the right of Nepisciolіtіtіkh".

Funds use government bodies to ensure the realization of human rights and freedoms and citizen, the formation of legal security, public security and public order, in their oyma form and content have a versatile nature and depend on the competence of the authorities and the place they occupy in the system executive power. Wide powers in ensuring the rights and freedoms of Thunder Adyan, in the formation of security, has the highest body in the executive system -. Cabinet. Ministers of Ukraine. Protection of human rights and freedoms is a priority direction of government. Its execution is carried out by more than the process of leadership and direct control over the work of ministries, central executive bodies, local government administrations, as well as through the publication of special decrees and orders. The government's activities for the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the formation of legal, civil security, public order should be based on the principles of the rule of law, legality, separation in state, collegiality, scientific relations, publicity.

Composite state law enforcement policy guarantee (warranty) of the realization of human rights and freedoms and citizen, provides for the conditions, funds, methods that provide full Protection of rights and freedoms of the individual. Therefore, the specifics of the executive authority regarding the rights and freedoms of citizens is the guarantee of their implementation. After all, the proclamation of any rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, even fixing them with appropriate legal acts States, nothing worthwhile without real guarantees of implementation and implementation. The concept of warranty means a combination of objective and subjective factors aimed at the practical implementation of rights and freedoms and to eliminate possible obstacles to their proper implementation.

Guarantees of human rights and citizen provide provision by measures specified in domestic and international legislation. Domestic institutions for the protection of citizens' rights are systems of the Ma socio-economic, cultural, political and legal means and conditions that ensure the direct protection of human rights and citizen. The system of special legal guarantees is important in the practical realization of the rights and freedoms of Romadyanin, among which the leading place is occupied by administrative and legal. Consequently, legal guarantees of the rights and freedoms of the individual, as regulatory funds, their secrets of cookies are a set of interrelated and interacting regulatory and institutional and organizational guarantees to ensure the implementation, protection and protection of human rights and freedoms and citizen.

Regulatory guarantees of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens - this is a combination of legal norms that determine the amount of rights, freedoms, duties of citizens, as well as funds established for their implementation and protection, from violations are the rights established by law and norms, which are protected and The rights of citizens are protected, their violations are terminated and eliminated, violated rights are restored. Instali-organizational guarantees of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens are provided for in regulatory acts of socio-political institutions, which are entrusted with the relevant functions and authority of organizing anization and the implementation of legal support for the implementation, protection and protection of human rights and freedoms. Regulatory and institutional and organizational guarantees of ensuring the rights and freedoms are informed, since the activities of state and public institutions on the organization and implementation of activities aimed at ensuring the rights and freedom are regulated in the regulatory acts.

In the institutional and organizational aspect, the leading role in ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen belongs. President of Ukraine, which, according to Article 102. The Constitution of Ukraine, is the guarantor of the rights and his rim and citizen. Implementation of these powers. The president is carried out through the initiation of laws, the publication of decrees aimed at ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Powers ch. Avi States in the field of the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens is embodied in the right of veto against adopted. Supreme. Rada of Ukraine laws, in law. President cancel acts. Cabinet, solutions of heads of local government heal of ministers, some other regulations in case of violation of the rights and freedoms of the individual in Ukraine.

Powers. The president, as a guarantor of human rights and freedoms and citizen, is also implemented through the activities of such bodies as:. Secretariat. President; Commission at. President of Ukraine on communities of drunkenness,. Pardon management; Department of letters and reception of citizens at. Secretariat. President. The main purpose of these bodies is to strengthen guarantees of compliance with community rights.

Institutions that ensure the implementation of civil rights and freedoms guarantee their protection, is the Institute. Commissioner. Supreme. Rada for human rights,. The committee. Supreme. Rada of Ukraine on issues of legal floor Litics, law enforcement, human rights bodies, justice authorities. Important human rights function is carried out by non-state education and formations (public human rights organizations; public formations on x. Oron of public order and state border; human rights movement).

Consider more Features of the implementation of law enforcement policy through law enforcement, human rights activities and the implementation of justice

Law enforcement aimed at ensuring the principle of the rule of law in society. Law enforcement is an important component of the internal state policy, the general principles of which determines. Supreme. Rada of Ukraine. Law enforcement ensures the effectiveness of the Ukrainian state.

The priority tasks of law enforcement are:

Protection installed. The constitution of Ukraine of the state system of state;

Protection of the political system;

Protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, enterprises, institutions, organizations, subjects of all forms of ownership;

Counteraction to the emergence of unwanted relations in society, conflict manifestations

A special place in the system of goals and objectives of law enforcement is to protect the rights and freedoms of man, its security, life, honor, dignity, integrity

Law enforcement activity is state legitimate activities, the main purpose of which is the protection of rights, restoring the violated right

Composite law enforcement is special law enforcement, the essence of which is to prioritize the procedure for constitutional order, national security, detecting, populariduva. Anna, the suppression of crimes, execution of punishments. Special law enforcement is implemented through the activities of the special services and is a tool for the implementation of the state management in solving issues of politically, economic, information, financial hazards.

Law enforcement of the state through law enforcement system. B. Law of Ukraine "On the state protection of employees of the court and law enforcement agencies" lists law enforcement agencies. An, to whom you relate to carry:

Prosecutor's Office;

Internal affairs bodies;

Security authorities;

Organs military service law enforcement in. Armed forces of Ukraine;

Customs;

State border security bodies;

Bodies and institutions of penalties;

State tax authorities;

State control and auditing services;

FISH BODY;

State forest protection authorities;

Other authorities implementing law enforcement or law enforcement functions

Warranty of human rights and freedoms and citizen is characterized by the presence of effective justice - an integral attribute of democratic legal state. Effective justice is the quintessence of the regulations of the regiony and the protective functions of the state. Through justice, citizens can defend their rights. Justice is state activities that the court exercises by the consideration and decision of civil, criminal, gentlemen. RSK and administrative cases at court sessions in a special, established law, procedural form. B. Law of Ukraine MPRO Judiciation of Ukraine "It was noted that the main purpose of the court was the protection of the protection of guaranteed. The Constitution of Human Rights and Freedation and Citizen, the rights and legitimate interests of legal entities, the interests of society and the state. Judicial activity is a type of jurisdiction of which are inherent Signs and order, and human rights activist.

The main goal of judicial activity is the implementation of justice, which unites such forms of legal proceedings as a constitutional, administrative, economic, civil, criminal. Courts providing legal protection condicient and other legal values. Judicial activity - a universal mechanism for the protection and protection of the rights, restoration of violated rights, termination of the violation of the right, consideration of disputes in the court of the mechanism of administrative and legal support of human rights and freedoms and citizen has been covered by administrative justice, administrative courts, and all judicial system In the field of protection of rights and freedoms of citizens. The judicial protection of human rights and freedoms and citizen is considered as a type of state defense, which should provide a state, respectively, Part 2 of Article 55. The Constitution of Ukraine The right to judicial protection provides for guarantees of effective recovery in rights through the implementation of justice evasor.

An important function of the democratic state is to ensure the protection and protection of citizens' rights through human rights organizations, which are independent of state bodies, as well as through separate state bodies of them inherent in openness, democratic. Human rights activities are to provide legal assistance to citizens, legal entities, foreigners, stateless persons. The subjects of human rights activities are: Public organizations (for example, human rights organizations, consumer protection associations); Entrepreneurial structures (private entrepreneurs, legal entities), providing a variety of legal services; state bodies (Justice authorities ,. Commissioner of BP on Human Rights); bar; notary.

The focus of law enforcement, human rights, judicial authorities is determined by five main tasks:

1) the preservation and protection of the existing constitutional system;

2) the protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens;

3) protection of the legitimate interests of the domestic producer;

4) the fight against crime;

5) targeted development of judicial and law enforcement system

Important factors of the effectiveness of judicial, law enforcement and human rights activities, as components of the internal state policy, is the high level of competence and professionalism of the personnel of authorized bodies, as well as the perfection of the implementation of organizational and management functions.

Specific peculiarity of law enforcement activities modern conditions It is the use of it as a means of management and control over the social sphere, for the development of economic activities, behind the progress of household economy processes. There is an expansion of the influence of organs, legal

practices for the functioning of the banking and financial sector, on the activities of various sectors of the national economy (such as the fuel and energy complex, transportation), as well as the privatization processes, on the management of enterprises, in the authorized capital of which there is a share of public funds. However, it should be indicated that only the influence of law enforcement agencies on economic, financial, technical solutions taken in the process of social management are provided. Such an influence of law enforcement agencies should prevent action. Through the detection of smuggling, stopping the release of poor-quality products law enforcement agencies (body and prosecutor's office, security services, customs authorities, border troops, internal affairs bodies, a lawyer) contribute to the solution of one of the key problems of the economy - the protection of the domestic producer,. Hem of negative commodity exchange relations. Such a focus of law enforcement activities against undesirable socio-economic phenomena, suspension of unlawful actions has constructive and positively poured on political processing.

The effectiveness of the state law enforcement policy is pretty depends on the interaction of the law enforcement agencies, combining their efforts to combat crime and to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens. Yes, aka coordination of law enforcement activities - one of the management functions, unites and systematizes the efforts of law enforcement and other state and non-state bodies and institutions to achieve the main tasks to combat crime. The essence of coordination consists in combining the efforts of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime, primarily organized, in preventing it, in coordinating actions, follow the Imann of the legislation.

The main forms of law enforcement coordination are:

1) Development and implementation of special operations;

2) joint operational meetings;

3) the creation of joint investigative operational groups;

4) sharing information;

5) general analysis of information;

6) joint trips to the regions (areas, regions);

7) the introduction and use of unified data banks;

8) carrying out joint seminars, meetings, conferences;

9) the publication of organizational and administrative documents;

10) Exchange of experience

Coordination of law enforcement management is an integral component of state policy and provides for the formation of specific goals, ensuring conciliation, determination of the content of tactical opera.

Given the activation of international terrorism, transnational crime, international agreements play a leading role in coordinating the actions of law enforcement agencies. The international cooperation Law enforcement bodies are based on. Conventions on laundering, searching, arrest and confiscation of income obtained by criminal means, as well as on the basis of decisions taken at the government or interdepartmental level.

The legal framework of the organization of interaction are: constitutional requirements regarding the protection of human rights and citizen, criminal procedure legislation; sectoral and special (functional) acts of legislation ;; Decrees, orders. President of Ukraine; Decisions. Governments on the fight against crime and the organization of law enforcement; State crime fighting programs international treaties with n. Yatan interaction in the field of combating crime; departmental and interdepartmental regulatory acts; acts. The General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine on the organization of interacting.

The implementation of state policies in the field of the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society and the state from unlawful encroachments, the provision of public order, public safety relate to the sphere of tasks. President of Ukraine,. Cabinet. Ministers of Ukraine,. Ministry of the Interior and its bodies in the field, local government administrations and local governments. The Ministry of VN Morning Affairs is the central executive authority, whose powers are defined in. Position about. Ministry of the Interior. In a broad sense, providing public order and tranquility Thunder Adyan is the task of both state and non-state organizations.

Understand a certain focus of its activities. The functions of the state specify its social purpose.

There are several approaches to understanding the functions of the state, but most scientists adhere to the most developed theory, according to which the functions of the state are divided into external (to ensure the independence of the state intern) and internal (To ensure the rule of power within the country and the institution with general cases).

Internal state functions:

economic - Organization and regulation of economic life;
stabilization - maintain stability and peace in society;
coordination - ensuring public consent and unity;
social - Social security, fair distribution of goods;
cultural-educational - support for culture and spiritual values;
legal - rule-making, protection of the constitutional system, rights, legality;
environmental - Protection of nature, ensuring a healthy environment.

External state functions:

defending national interests on international Level - ensuring mutually beneficial international cooperation, coordination of efforts in solving global problems of humanity, ensuring the work of a number over state organizations - UN, Council of Europe, etc.;
organization of defense and protection of state security - protection of state sovereignty, the implementation of hostilities against other states, etc.

Internal function of state

The internal functions of the state are divided into:

main;
non-residential.

Basic Call functions that can only be carried out.

Providing public order, security, rights and freedoms of citizens, including:

fight against crime;
accounting and registration of the population;
prevention of various disasters;
measures to eliminate the effects of natural disasters.

Establishment and protection of general rules social Life: Economic, political and others social relationship (civil law, labor legislation, etc.).
Currency regulation (Emissions is highlighted - issue of money).
Budget regulation tax collection, duties; Distribution of income and expenses in the budget.

More abundant Functions can be divided into traditional (historically established) and "new", which have arisen in the 20th century.

Traditional Functions do not fulfill all states. They are unequal, each state has its own historically established functions.

In Russia, traditional functions include:

transport and communication management;
management of education and health care;
sewing defective individuals and help them;
managing means mass media.

Sometimes some traditional functions become redundant, and the state refuses to perform them. In particular, it happened with the management of the media, they were privatized in Russia, and now the state nominally controls only two channels on television: first - as a shareholder - and 2nd (Russia "channel).

The following functions include the following.

State entrepreneurship. The state is directly engaged in production in the defense sphere and in other areas where it is on behalf of the Company should carry out control. This function was the main in socialist countries, the state there was both the owner and an entrepreneur.
The impact on economic processes to maintain the stable development of the national economy. The state carries out this function both economic and administrative measures.
Social services. Under the influence of the struggle of workers, the state is engaged in social security, that is, pays various pensions, benefits large families, for unemployment, housing guide to the poor, etc.

External functions of the state

The use of the armed forces of the day of the decision of the state's foreign policy objectives.
The implementation of the geopolitical and global interests of the country through diplomatic activity. Geopolitical interests are associated with neighboring states, global concerns the situation around the world (non-proliferation nuclear weapons, ecological problems).
International stimulation economic activity, sewing and supporting the economic interests of the country abroad.
Protection of the economic space from unfavorable external influences on the economy (customs; the system of measures regulating imports and exports).

External functions are basic, since they only carry out the state.

Internal functions

In the modern period, the Russian state has the following main internal functions: Economic, political, social, fiscal, environmental, law enforcement.

Economic function

In the theory of state and the rights of the Soviet period, this function was designated as an economic and organizational. Its role was great due to the full of nationalization of the economy, which, as we noted earlier, led to the consequences negative for it - the economic crisis (began to manifest itself from the second half of the 70s of the XX century.), Which led, in turn, to the crisis In all spheres of life of society.

In the 1980s, this feature was somewhat shone towards some expansion of the independence of enterprises, but this did not give the expected result. Since the early 1990s, in Russia, the economic function of the state changed dramatically: the state essentially eliminated from the economy, putting it into the element of market relations. However, this approach as another extreme has not brought a positive effect.

As practice is shown, the indicated extreme approaches do not contribute to the effective development of the economy. Currently there are trends to change the economic function of the state in the direction of its larger intervention in the economy within reasonable limits, allowing, on the one hand, to properly stimulate labor, and on the other - not to allow distortions leading to the closure of enterprises, unemployment, export of capital abroad to the detriment of national interests, the elimination of highly developed sectors of the economy, etc.

Under demonopolization, the economic function covers the following areas of state activities:

real support for manufacturers, including small businesses (subsidies, preferential taxation, upholding interest russian companies in the domestic and world market, etc.);
pretty support for strategic, highly competitive on the world market and socially significant production for Russia (the creation of special zones, customs policy);
targeted investment policy (attracting domestic and foreign capital);
creating an effective economic mechanism of the agricultural sector, and above all, ensuring the right of private ownership of land;
gradual decrease in inflation rates and braking prices;
preparation and retraining of personnel; Suspension of the brain leakage process.

Political function

This is the direction of state activities in the political sphere. It has its strategic focus to create a viable democratic society and providing democracy in various forms. This will be discussed in more detail in other chapters of the textbook.

Social function

Social function is the direction of state activities in the social sphere. In art. 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation notes that the Russian Federation is a social state.

Based on the meaning of this article, it follows that the content of this feature is:

in providing all citizens of the Russian Federation. Special attention At the same time, the states should pay the vital level of socially advocated secured segments of the population (pensioners, students, disabled people, etc.) by paying pensions, benefits, scholarships, the creation and activities of houses for the elderly, the provision of other types of social assistance. To implement the social function, mitigation and overcoming such costs of the current transition period, as poverty, deepening inequality and unemployment growth are necessary. The state should pay attention to a more uniform distribution of the burden of economic difficulties between various groups of the population;
protection of public health by creating medical institutions, control over the purity of the environment, the quality of food, the population of drugs;
guard childhood, motherhood, fatherhood by creating a network of preschool institutions, orphanages, boarding schools, to assist in needy families, etc.;
guaranteeing minimum wages by establishing an appropriate size of such payment;
in all enterprises, regardless of the forms of ownership, by establishing relevant legislation and monitoring its observance;
assisting the population in extreme situations (Flood, earthquake, fire, armed conflict, oppression on national signs, etc.) by creating conditions for the activities of insurance institutes, the provision of housing, payments of one-time benefits, etc.

Part of the social function is the activities of the state development of culture, science and education (In legal literature, this activity is indicated as a separate function).

Science development is implemented:

creating favorable conditions for creative activity scientific teams and for free competition of various scientific schools;
by creating and supporting scientific institutions, laboratories, testing grounds, financing scientific research, training scientific personnel, conferences, etc.
support for the priority development of fundamental theoretical studies and fundamentally new technologies.

Development of culture implemented by supporting art, literature, theater, cinema, music, painting; Development physical culture and sports; improving the work of radio, television and other media; preserving historical cultural monuments, historical complexes, protected areas, archives, museums, libraries.

Development of education implemented by creating state educational institutions and conditions for non-state educational institutions, improving the quality of education in all educational institutions.

Environmental function

The main content of the environmental function is the protection of nature and the rational use of natural resources. To implement this function, the state should coordinate and monitor the activities of all enterprises, institutions, specific persons in the field of environmental protection, environmental management, and environmental safety. The environmental function should contribute to the improvement and improvement of environmental quality, the preservation of natural resources.

Fiscal function (taxation function and taxation)

It should be noted that the function under consideration is not only not only the task of optimal tax collection in the treasury, but also the task of regulatory impact on the economy.

Law enforcement

It includes the activities of the state for the three most important areas:

protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens;
protection of all forms of ownership;
law enforcement.

Each of these inextricably interconnected components of the content of this trice function is currently undergoing significant changes.

Thus, in the legal state (namely, such as the Constitution is Russia) the rights and freedom of citizens are the highest value of society. As you know, earlier this principle was not recognized.

The activities of the state of law enforcement also undergo changes. Currently, the authorities, primarily the power structures, requires the adoption of harsh, rapid and decisive measures on the timely prevention and suppression of the gangster collections of terrorists.

External functions

The main external functions are: country defense, peace and maintenance of world order, international cooperation.

Country Defense Function

The armed forces in accordance with this function are intended to reflect aggression aimed against the state, for armed protection of the integrity and integrity of the country's territory, as well as to fulfill the tasks in accordance with its international treaties.

In each state, a significant proportion of the state budget is allocated for the content of the armed forces. And while the trends towards reducing costs is not viewed. This is largely due to the complex political situation in the world, which is clearly visible on the events that occurred in Yugoslavia in 1999, when this country was bombarded by NATO, on events in Iraq, which invaded American troops with allies troops, without having the corresponding international powers.

World and Maintenance Maintenance Function and Maintenance

Without implementing this function of the future, humanity has no. New world War will lead to the death of civilization. In turn, local military conflicts can lead to a global military confrontation.

The international cooperation

This function is implemented by the development of multilateral relations with other states, conclusions of contracts in different areas Life of the world community.

In legal literature, the function of international cooperation is divided into a number of narrower functions, such as the function of cooperation and strengthening links with the CIS countries, the function of cooperation with other countries in solving global problems, etc.

The function of cooperation and strengthening of ties with the CIS countries arose from the Russian state with the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Exercising the function under consideration, the Russian state advocates strengthening the Commonwealth, above all:

on the formation of the economic union;
collective security systems;
joint security borders;
a comprehensive solution to the problem of compliance throughout the former USSR internationally recognized standards in the field of human rights and national minorities, citizenship and sewns of immigrants;
concerns about the Russians, founded outside the Russian Federation;
creating a single information space.

It should be noted that when implementing this function, new problems may arise for Russia. The foci of conflicts near the borders, the protracted crisis of the economy, and the very statehood in a number of CIS countries create a serious threat to the security of our country.

An important part of the function of international cooperation is interaction of Russia with other countries The global community in solving global problems affecting the interests of each people and humanity in general. These are the problems of the development of space and the safety of the planet, the protection of the World Ocean, the protection of plant and animal peace, preventing and eliminating the consequences of large industrial accidents, disasters, combating epidemics and the most dangerous diseases, etc.

As separate external functions, it is also possible to allocate:

the function of combating international terrorism;
environmental function.

These functions are both external and internal.

18.1. Summit, features and mechanisms for the implementation of law enforcement policy state

18.2. Governor, human rights, judicial authorities and their role in the implementation of state law enforcement policy (state policy in the field of order protection)

Essence, features and mechanisms for the implementation of law enforcement policy state

According to the Constitution of Ukraine, man, his life, health, honor, the dignity is recognized as the highest social value. Such declaration determines the content and focus of the activities of the state and all its bodies on approving, ensuring and guaranteeing human rights and freedoms.

For the legal democratic state, the recognition and practical implementation of human rights and freedoms and citizen, ensuring their protection is one of the priority functions. The law enforcement function is leading in the system of internal functions of the state and provides for guaranteed protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens by establishing an effective legal order, ensuring the legality, protection of national security.

Law enforcement function is implemented through law enforcement policy of the state, which is a component of state policy.

Law enforcement policy is a separate type of activity of the government and other public institutions of nationwide and local levels aimed at:

Protection and protection of the constitutional values \u200b\u200bof the Ukrainian state and society;

Ensuring the principle of the rule of law;

Protection of public building established by the Constitution, territorial integrity;

Protection of human rights and freedoms, the protection of legal order, restoring violated law, identification and investigation of crimes.

The essence of law enforcement policy is the targeted activities of the authorities and government bodies of various levels aimed at ensuring the rule of law, as the objective need for the development of the state and society, to prevent and suppress offenses.

An important direction of state law enforcement policy is the formation of legal security, which is a common value, is responsible for the interests of society and citizens. The category "Legal Security" occupies a priority in the system of national values. It is a fundamental principle of building a legal system, branches of law and their institutions in terms of ensuring the safe functioning and development of social relations. The dominant in the security system is to create conditions for the safe existence of the personality, the realization of its rights and freedoms. So, the state should guarantee strict compliance with laws, the implementation of the principle of legality, the safety of the individual in society, to ensure the optimal balance between the protection of democratic institutions, the common interests and protection of the rights and freedoms of the individual. The effective activities of the state (and society) to create safe conditions of existence ensures the natural functioning and development of social relations. The state should guarantee such funds, methods and forms of activities of law enforcement and judicial authorities, which would ensure compliance with the rights and interests of persons.

State law enforcement policy is also aimed at ensuring public order and public security, guarantees the elimination of certain dangers both for the entire society and for individual citizens. It is important to distinguish between the concepts of "public order" and "social security". Public order is a relationship system, a set of established rules, a certain procedure, formed in society and meet the interests of the state and all of its citizens. Public security is a system of relationships that is formed in the process of preventing and eliminating the threat of life, the health of citizens, their property. Public security is a state when citizens are not threatened by any danger, there is no threat of violation of the normal functioning of state and non-governmental organizations.

The legal framework for the implementation of state policy in the field of protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society and the state is the Constitution of Ukraine, the laws of Ukraine: "On the police", "On operational investigation activities", "On Security Service", "On access to court decisions" , "On the judication of Ukraine", "On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine", "On the Prosecutor's Office", "On the Supreme Council of Justice", "On the State Executive Service", "on the authorized Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for Human Rights", "on state protection of state authorities The authorities of Ukraine and officials "," on the organizational and legal frameworks of combating organized crime "," On measures to counter the illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors and the abuse of them "," On the state protection of court employees and law enforcement agencies ". Decrees of the President of Ukraine "On the National Program of Combating Corruption", "On Improving the Coordination Activities of Law Enforcement Agencies to Combat Corruption and Organized Crime", Decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On the State Protection Service for the Ministry of Internal Affairs", "On Approval of Modeling Regulations on Affairs Juvenile "and others.

Means that use government bodies to ensure the realization of human rights and freedoms and citizen, the formation of legal security, public security and public order, in their form and content must be versatile and depend on the competence of the authorities and the place they occupy in the executive system . Extensive powers in ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, in the formation of security, has the highest body in the executive system - the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Protection of human rights and freedoms is a priority direction of government. Its execution is carried out mainly through the process of leadership and direct control over the work of ministries, central executive bodies, local government administrations, as well as through the publication of special decisions and orders. The government's activities for the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the formation of legal, civil security, public order should be based on the principles of the rule of law, legality, separation of state power, collegiality, scientific relations, publicity.

The constituent state law enforcement policy guarantee (warranty) of the realization of human rights and freedoms and citizen provides for the conditions, funds, methods that provide in full protection of the rights and freedoms of the individual. Therefore, the specifics of the activities of the executive power regarding the rights and freedoms of citizens is the guarantee of their implementation. After all, the proclamation of any rights and freedoms of man and citizen, even the consolidation of them by the relevant legal acts of the state, is worth nothing without real guarantees of implementation and implementation. The concept of warranty means a combination of objective and subjective factors aimed at practical implementation of rights and freedoms and to eliminate possible obstacles to their proper.

Guarantees of human rights and citizen provide secure measures specified in domestic and international legislation. Domestic institutions for the protection of citizens' rights are a system of socio-economic, cultural, political and legal means and conditions that ensure the direct protection of human rights and citizen. The system of special legal guarantees is important in the practical realization of the rights and freedoms of the citizen, among which the leading place is occupied by administrative and legal. Consequently, legal guarantors of the rights and freedoms of individuals, as regulatory means of their ensuring, are a set of interrelated and interacting regulatory and institutional and organizational guarantees to ensure the implementation, protection and protection of human rights and freedoms and citizen.

Regulatory guarantees of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens is a combination of legal norms that determine the amount of rights, freedoms, responsibilities of citizens, as well as funds established for their implementation and protection, from violations. That is, this is the right to the rights of citizens established by law and norms, which are protected and defended the rights of citizens, their violations are terminated and the violated rights are restored. Institutional and organizational guarantees of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens is the socio-political institutions provided for in regulatory and legal acts, which are entrusted with relevant functions and authority to organize and implement legal support for the implementation, protection and protection of human rights and freedoms. Regulatory and institutional organizational guarantees of ensuring rights and freedoms are closely connected, since the activities of state and public institutions for the organization and implementation of activities aimed at ensuring rights and freedoms are regulated in the regulations.

In the institutional and organizational aspect, the leading role in ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen belongs to the President of Ukraine, which, according to Art. 102 of the Constitution of Ukraine, is the guarantor of human rights and freedoms and citizen. The implementation of these powers of the President is carried out through the initiation of laws, the publication of decrees aimed at ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The powers of the head of state in the field of the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens is embodied in the law of laws in the right of the laws adopted by the Supreme Rada of Ukraine, in the right of the President, to cancel the acts of the Cabinet of Ministers, solutions to the heads of local government administrations, some other regulations in case of violation of the rights and freedoms of the individual in Ukraine.

The powers of the president as a guarantor of human rights and freedoms and citizen, are also implemented through the activities of such bodies as: the Presidential Secretariat; Commission under the President of Ukraine on citizenship issues; Pardon management; Department of Letters and Admission of Citizens under the Presidential Secretariat. The main purpose of these bodies is the strengthening of guarantees of respect for citizens' rights.

Institutions that ensure the implementation of civil rights and freedoms guaranteeing their protection is the Institute of Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada for Human Rights, the Committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on legal policy issues, law enforcement, human rights bodies, justice authorities. Important human rights function is carried out by non-state education and formation (public human rights organizations; public formation for the protection of public order and the state border; human rights movement).

Consider more Features of the implementation of law enforcement policy through law enforcement, human rights activities and justice.

Law enforcement aims to ensure the principle of the rule of law in society. Law enforcement is an important component of the internal state policy, the general principles of which determines the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Law enforcement ensures the effectiveness of the Ukrainian state.

The priority tasks of law enforcement are:

Protection of the state system established by the Constitution of Ukraine;

Protection of the political system;

Protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, enterprises, institutions, organizations, subjects of all forms of ownership;

Countering the emergence of unwanted relations in society, conflict manifestations.

A special place in the system of goals and objectives of law enforcement is to protect the rights and freedoms of man, his security, life, honor, dignity, integrity.

Law enforcement activity is state legitimate activities, the main purpose of which is the protection of rights, restoring violated law.

Composite law enforcement is a special law enforcement activity, the essence of which is the priority execution of the lawfulness of the constitutional order, national security, identifying, investigating, suppressing crimes, execution of punishments. Special law enforcement is implemented through the activities of the special services and is a tool for the implementation of the state's leadership in addressing issues of political, economic, information, financial security.

Law enforcement of the state through law enforcement system. The Law of Ukraine "On State Protection of Employees of the Court and Law Enforcement agencies" lists law enforcement agencies to which include:

Prosecutor's Office;

Internal affairs bodies;

Security authorities;

Law enforcement agencies in the Armed Forces of Ukraine;

Customs;

State border security bodies;

Bodies and institutions of penalties;

State tax authorities;

State control and auditing services;

FISH BODY;

State forest protection authorities;

Other bodies that implement law enforcement or law enforcement functions.

The guarantee of human rights and freedoms and citizen is characterized by the presence of effective justice - an integral attribute of a democratic legal state. Effective justice is the quintessence of the regulatory and protective function of the state. Through justice, citizens can defend their rights. Justice is state activities that the court exercises by the consideration and decision of civil, criminal, economic and administrative cases at court sessions in the special, established law, procedural form. In the Law of Ukraine, the MPRO Judiciation of Ukraine, "it is noted that the main appointment of the court is to ensure the protection of human rights and citizens guaranteed by the Constitution and the legal interests of legal entities, the interests of society and the state. Judicial activity is a type of jurisdiction of which signs and order, and human rights laws.

The main goal of judicial activity is the implementation of justice, unites such forms of legal proceedings as constitutional, administrative, economic, civil, criminal. Courts ensure legal protection of constitutional and other legal values. Judicial activity is a universal mechanism for the protection and protection of rights, restoring violated rights, termination of the violation of the right, consideration of disputes in court. The mechanism of administrative and legal support of human rights and freedoms and citizen covers administrative justice, administrative courts, as well as the entire judicial system in the field of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens. The judicial protection of human rights and freedoms and citizen is considered as a type of state protection, which should provide a state in accordance with Part 2. Art. 55 Constitution of Ukraine. The right to judicial protection implies guarantees of effective recovery in rights through the exercise of justice.

An important function of the democratic state is to ensure the protection and protection of citizens' rights through human rights organizations, which are independent of state bodies, as well as through individual state bodies. They are inherent openness, democraticity. Human rights activities are to provide legal assistance to citizens, legal entities, foreigners, stateless persons. The subjects of human rights activities are: Public organizations (for example, human rights organizations, consumer protection associations); Entrepreneurial structures (private entrepreneurs, legal entities) providing a variety of legal services; state bodies (Justice authorities authorized by BP on human rights); bar; Notary.

The focus of law enforcement, human rights, judicial authorities is determined by five main tasks:

1) the preservation and protection of the existing constitutional system;

2) the protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens;

3) protection of the legitimate interests of the domestic producer;

4) the fight against crime;

5) targeted development of judicial and law enforcement system.

Important factors of the effectiveness of judicial, law enforcement and human rights activities, as components of the internal state policy, is the high level of competence and professionalism of the personnel of authorized bodies, as well as the perfection of the execution of organizational and managerial functions.

A specific feature of law enforcement activities in modern conditions is the use of its as a means of management and control over the social sphere, for the development of economic activities, behind the progress of socio-economic processes. There is an expansion of the influence of organs legal

practices for the functioning of the banking and financial sector, on the activities of various sectors of the national economy (such as the fuel and energy complex, transportation), as well as the processes of privatization, on the management of enterprises, in the authorized fund of which the share of public funds. However, it should be noted that only the influence of law enforcement agencies on economic, financial, technical solutions taken in the process of social management are envisaged. Such an impact of law enforcement agencies has a warning effect. For the detection of smuggling, the termination of the issue of poor-quality products law enforcement agencies (prosecutor's office, security services, customs authorities, border troops, internal affairs bodies, a lawyer) contribute to the solution of one of the key problems of the economy - the protection of the domestic manufacturer, overcoming negative trade relations. Such a focus of law enforcement activities against unwanted socio-economic phenomena, suspension of unlawful actions has a constructive nature and has a positive effect on political processes.

The effectiveness of the state law enforcement policy is pretty depends on the interaction of the law enforcement authorities, the combination of their efforts to combat crime and in order to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens. Such coordination of law enforcement activities is one of the management functions, unites and systematizes the efforts of law enforcement and other state and non-state bodies and institutions to achieve the main tasks in combating crime. The essence of coordination is to unite the efforts of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime, primarily organized, in preventing it, in coordinating the actions, compliance with legislation.

The main forms of law enforcement coordination are:

1) Development and implementation of special operations;

2) joint operational meetings;

3) the creation of joint investigative operational groups;

4) sharing information;

5) general analysis of information;

6) joint trips to the regions (areas, regions);

7) the introduction and use of unified data banks;

8) carrying out joint seminars, meetings, conferences;

9) the publication of organizational and administrative documents;

10) Exchange of experience.

Coordination of law enforcement management is an integral component of public policy and provides for the formation of specific goals, ensuring that the content of tactical operations.

Given the activation of international terrorism, transnational crime, international agreements play a leading role in coordinating the actions of law enforcement agencies. The international cooperation of law enforcement agencies is based on the Convention on Laundering, Identify, Resets and confiscate income received by criminal, as well as on the basis of solutions adopted on a government or interdepartmental level.

The legal framework of the organization of interaction are: constitutional requirements for the protection of human rights and citizen; criminal procedural legislation; sectoral and special (functional) acts of legislation; Decrees, orders of the President of Ukraine; Government Decisions on Crime Control and Organization of Law Enforcement; government crime fighting programs; international treaties on the interaction in the fight against crime; departmental and interdepartmental regulatory acts; Acts of the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine on the organization of interaction.

The implementation of state policies in the field of the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society and the state from unlawful encroachments, the provision of public order, public safety belongs to the tasks of the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of the Interior and its bodies in the fields, local government administrations and bodies local self-government. The Ministry of the Interior is the central authority of the executive power, the powers of which are determined in the Regulations on the Ministry of the Interior. In a broad sense, providing public order and calm citizens is the task of both government and non-governmental organizations.

Among them are the following:

- political function(holding referendums, elections, the formation of state bodies, the protection of the constitutional system, the sovereignty of the country, the publication of laws, etc.);

- economic function(definition of taxes, issuance of loans, establishment of benefits, road construction, development of transport, communication, development of the country's development programs, etc.);

- law enforcement(consideration of disputes, the struggle against offenses, the application of sanctions, etc.);

- social function (Mrometry, pensions, benefits, scholarships, allocation of funds for healthcare and so on.);

- environmental function (Development of environmental legislation, closure of enterprises pollutants natural environment, imposition of fines, etc.);

- the function of combating the effects of natural disasters;

- other functions.

External functions are the main activities of the state in the international arena.These include:

- defense function.This feature was particularly important in former times. Now States are trying to solve their problems with a civilized way, through negotiations. In addition, now exists
A number of international organizations (UN, the Council of Europe, etc.), which are engaged in the establishment of conflicts between states and try to prevent their military collision;

- diplomatic function.It is mainly carried out with the help of special representative offices (embassies and consulates), which are abroad. Their task is to maintain normal good neighborly relations between countries, improving mutual understanding and cooperation in all areas of interstate relations;

- the function of maintaining world law enforcement (foreign policy function).The main international body here is the Security Council - the UN permanent authority. Contribute to maintaining stability and security in the world and regional international organizations, such as the Arab League, the Organization of African Unity, etc.;

- foreign Economic Function.In the modern world, none of the countries can almost live alone and independently produce absolutely everything that needs its population. Any country is beneficial to specialize that she is better to get or how it is rich, and give it in exchange for what to produce on their own or unprofitable, or impossible to climatic conditions territory or lack of relevant natural wealth;

- social function.Social assistance (allocation of funds, debt debt, supply of medical and other equipment, food and clothing, the direction of specialists, etc.) is carried out in relation to developing countries (for example, som
Lee, Ethiopia, Sudan);

- environmental function.It is increasingly nominated in the category of major. This activity manifests itself most often in the direction of the environmental disaster (with the consent of a state) necessary equipment and the contingent of people to eliminate its consequences;

- the function of cultural cooperation.It is carried out on the basis of both bilateral and multilateral treaties between countries. These are also engaged in non-governmental organizations, such as the International Chess Federation, the Olympic Committee. Under the UN, cultural activity coordinates UNESCO. Cultural cooperation is engaged in a lot of private organizations. So, for example, with their mediation in Moscow, such stars of world music, like Michael Jackson and Mirey Mathieu, Opera Singer Montserrat Caballe, Rolling Stones and Deep Purple and others were visited in Moscow.

It must be remembered!

1 . The appointment of the state in society is:

a) solving the general affairs;

b) the resolution of social disputes;

c) settlement relations with other countries;

d) establishing and providing law enforcement by coercion.

2 . State functions are the main directions of its activities,

3 . The functions of the state are divided into internal and external.

4 . Internal functions are the main activities of the country's life management of the country. These include political, economic, law enforcement, social, environmental, transport, information and other functions.

5 . External functions are the main activities of the state in the international arena. Among them are the defense function, diplomatic function, the function of supporting world law and order, the foreign economic function, social, environmental, the function of cultural cooperation.

Questions for monitoring

1. Compare the duration of the periods of human development before the emergence of the state and after it.

2. What does the phrase mean: "The state solves common things"? What people have shared affairs, common interests?

3. Why is the number of general cases with the development of society steadily increases?

4. What does the word "arbiter" mean? What disputes between people arise most often and who permits them?

5. What relationships may arise between states? Are they always carrying conflictful character?

6. What ways can the disputes between states be resolved?

7. Why exactly the state people began to trust the use of measures for force to offenders?

8. What kind of coercive measures can apply?

9. What is the function of the state and what kind of types do you know?

10. What does the political function of the state and what does the word "policy" mean?

11. What is the economic function of the state? Do not people themselves decide what to produce and what to buy?

12. What is the social function of the state and why earlier (until the XIX century) did not fulfill her state?

13. What is the difference between the law enforcement function of the state from the protection of customs in primitive society?

14. What is the environmental function of the state and why it appeared only in the middle of the XX century?

15. Give an example of how our state implements the function of combating the effects of natural disasters.

16. What is the defense function and how, in your opinion, our state performs it?

17. Why do you need to implement a diplomatic function to a rich and prosperous state that can all be provided and reflected by any aggression?

18. Why are Russia to participate in world order support with the UN, unless membership in this organization costs several million dollars annually? Would it be better to send this money to the development of education?

19. Why are Russia to participate in international trade, if it has all the natural resources, of which, if you wish, you can produce almost all the necessary people?

20. Why do we invite foreign artists and pay for their speeches big money if our artists leave to work abroad? Is it not better to increase the payment of their labor?

Tasks and tasks

1. Read the two-faced dialogue and offer a dispute resolution option.

Buyer:I am about the defective goods. Here is a check confirming that these shoes were purchased at your store a week ago. Look at what they became similar after the first socks.

Seller:Unfortunately, we do not exchange the goods sold.

Buyer:This product - shoes, therefore, shoes on which a certain procedure for exchanging is distributed.

Seller:You know, with shoes not everything is so simple, I can not accept any complaints. By the way, you can look at the check? It happens, a person will get a check somewhere and goes to change his old shoes ...

Buyer:I do not know what happens there, but I have a check for these shoes, and I demand their replacement!

Seller:Well, show them ... hmm ... yes in them no less went!

Buyer:That's why I came that in the day of the socks they turned into a rhylad.

Seller:I would be glad to help you, but with all the desire I can not exchange shoes - we no longer have a single pair.

Buyer:Then return the money!

Seller:I have no such salary to pay from your pocket. Sorry, you prevent me from working, I have buyers.

2 . Imagine that you are a government member who discusses the question of where to take money to increase pensions and benefits to large families. There are many options. What is your opinion?

Increase taxes;

Print some money and distribute them to these categories of citizens;

Raise the apartment fee;

Translate health fully on a paid basis;

Introduce a training fee in universities;

Enter partial payment for training in 10-11 classes;

Increase payment of travel in public transport;

Raise the road tax rate;

3 . Having come from school and having lunch, you decided to relax a bit and see the next series of the television movie. But television does not work. On the screen inscription: "Today on the television is a day off." Is it possible to blame the state that it does not fulfill its functions?

4. The administration of the village of Shaklyno issued a decree, according to which the faces of the draft age are serving the service life in their native village and are used in the work, the execution of which is extremely necessary to local economy. Reason: There is a large shortage of labor in the village, since the bulk of the inhabitants are pensioners. Evaluate from different positions the ruling of the local administration.

5 . School director with his order excluded the 9th grade student school for the fact that he brought a gas can in school and solving their comrades to them, the eyes harmed one of them. Parents of an excluded student appealed to the court to recognize the decision of the director illegal. The judge of the statement of claim did not accept them, saying that this case was unfortunately. Is the judge succeed legally?

6 . Selivanov decided to buy a house from the neighbors for her son, who recently married. Selivanov and their neighbors knew each other well and trusted each other completely. Being confident that none of the parties are going to deceive, they made a buy-selling receipts (one party in the receipt confirmed the fact of transferring to her at home, and the other is the fact of receiving money for the house sold). The new owner (the head of the young family) came to the local administration to pay real estate tax and for land, presented receipts and
It was very surprised that he was not recognized by the true owner of the house and refuse to accept money. Is the local administration?

7. Militia employees by calling the apartment door, entered it without the permission of the owner, motivating this by the fact that they have data about the crime committed in this apartment. By visiting the apartment and not finding anything suspicious, they retired. A citizen whose apartment was inspected, complained of the prosecutor's office. Is the police actions? Make an answer of the prosecutor.

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