The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the sun, meteorologists calculate the index of ultraviolet radiation, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What UV radiation of the sun happens

The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three areas, two of which reach the Earth.

• UV A. Long wavelength range
  315-400 nm

  Rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV B. Medium wavelength range
  280-315 nm

  Rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. Fully absorbed by stratospheric ozone, not reaching Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less harmful is the sun. However, these rescue factors have high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in the spring, and the minimum in the fall. Cloudiness is one of the most erratic weather characteristics. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

What UV values \u200b\u200bare hazardous?

The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation of the Sun on the surface of the Earth. UV index values \u200b\u200brange from Safe 0 to Extreme 11+.

• 0 - 2 Low
• 3 - 5 Moderate
• 6 - 7 High
• 8 - 10 Very High
• 11+ Extreme

At mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values \u200b\u200b(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points during the year.

Why is the sun useful?

In small doses, the UV radiation of the sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin   creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D   strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rachitis functions.

What is the sun dangerous?

When taking sun baths, it is important to understand that the line between the useful and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive effect. This reduces immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet breaks the DNA chain

How the sun affects people

Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on the type of skin. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - for them protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most affected by the sun

People with a bright
skin tone

People with many moles

Mid-latitude residents relaxing in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous

The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can sunbathe in cool cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it is, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional places for beach holidays. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect against harmful rays, follow these simple rules:

Less in the afternoon sun

Wear light clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

On the beach are more in the shade

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in degree of protection from the Sun and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the ultraviolet rays will overcome the protective film. In the case of cream 50 - only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is able to reflect 100% ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to apply sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe long enough, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before the exit and, in addition, before going to the beach.

Specify the required volume for application in the instructions for the cream.

How to apply sunscreen when swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes off the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel a burn.

Excessive sweating and towel wiping is also an excuse to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shadow does not provide full protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their effect on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflecting off from water, snow, or sand can cause a painful burn to the retina. To protect your eyes, use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5%.

Snow reflects up to 85% of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.

Thus, in the mountains, the sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

Treat the body with a damp sponge to moisten the burn

Lubricate burned areas with anti-burn cream

If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (skin swells and bubbles heavily), seek medical attention

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the sun, meteorologists calculate the index of ultraviolet radiation, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What UV radiation of the sun happens

The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three areas, two of which reach the Earth.

• UV A. Long wavelength range
  315-400 nm

  Rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV B. Medium wavelength range
  280-315 nm

  Rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. Fully absorbed by stratospheric ozone, not reaching Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less harmful is the sun. However, these rescue factors have high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in the spring, and the minimum in the fall. Cloudiness is one of the most erratic weather characteristics. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

What UV values \u200b\u200bare hazardous?

The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation of the Sun on the surface of the Earth. UV index values \u200b\u200brange from Safe 0 to Extreme 11+.

• 0 - 2 Low
• 3 - 5 Moderate
• 6 - 7 High
• 8 - 10 Very High
• 11+ Extreme

At mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values \u200b\u200b(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points during the year.

Why is the sun useful?

In small doses, the UV radiation of the sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin   creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D   strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rachitis functions.

What is the sun dangerous?

When taking sun baths, it is important to understand that the line between the useful and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive effect. This reduces immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet breaks the DNA chain

How the sun affects people

Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on the type of skin. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - for them protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most affected by the sun

People with a bright
skin tone

People with many moles

Mid-latitude residents relaxing in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous

The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can sunbathe in cool cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it is, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional places for beach holidays. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect against harmful rays, follow these simple rules:

Less in the afternoon sun

Wear light clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

On the beach are more in the shade

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in degree of protection from the Sun and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the ultraviolet rays will overcome the protective film. In the case of cream 50 - only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is able to reflect 100% ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to apply sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe long enough, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before the exit and, in addition, before going to the beach.

Specify the required volume for application in the instructions for the cream.

How to apply sunscreen when swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes off the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel a burn.

Excessive sweating and towel wiping is also an excuse to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shadow does not provide full protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their effect on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflecting off from water, snow, or sand can cause a painful burn to the retina. To protect your eyes, use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5%.

Snow reflects up to 85% of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.

Thus, in the mountains, the sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

Treat the body with a damp sponge to moisten the burn

Lubricate burned areas with anti-burn cream

If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (skin swells and bubbles heavily), seek medical attention

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the sun, meteorologists calculate the index of ultraviolet radiation, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What UV radiation of the sun happens

The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three areas, two of which reach the Earth.

• UV A. Long wavelength range
  315-400 nm

  Rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV B. Medium wavelength range
  280-315 nm

  Rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. Fully absorbed by stratospheric ozone, not reaching Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less harmful is the sun. However, these rescue factors have high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in the spring, and the minimum in the fall. Cloudiness is one of the most erratic weather characteristics. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

What UV values \u200b\u200bare hazardous?

The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation of the Sun on the surface of the Earth. UV index values \u200b\u200brange from Safe 0 to Extreme 11+.

• 0 - 2 Low
• 3 - 5 Moderate
• 6 - 7 High
• 8 - 10 Very High
• 11+ Extreme

At mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values \u200b\u200b(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points during the year.

Why is the sun useful?

In small doses, the UV radiation of the sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin   creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D   strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rachitis functions.

What is the sun dangerous?

When taking sun baths, it is important to understand that the line between the useful and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive effect. This reduces immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet breaks the DNA chain

How the sun affects people

Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on the type of skin. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - for them protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most affected by the sun

People with a bright
skin tone

People with many moles

Mid-latitude residents relaxing in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous

The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can sunbathe in cool cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it is, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional places for beach holidays. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect against harmful rays, follow these simple rules:

Less in the afternoon sun

Wear light clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

On the beach are more in the shade

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in degree of protection from the Sun and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the ultraviolet rays will overcome the protective film. In the case of cream 50 - only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is able to reflect 100% ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to apply sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe long enough, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before the exit and, in addition, before going to the beach.

Specify the required volume for application in the instructions for the cream.

How to apply sunscreen when swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes off the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel a burn.

Excessive sweating and towel wiping is also an excuse to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shadow does not provide full protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their effect on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflecting off from water, snow, or sand can cause a painful burn to the retina. To protect your eyes, use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5%.

Snow reflects up to 85% of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.

Thus, in the mountains, the sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

Treat the body with a damp sponge to moisten the burn

Lubricate burned areas with anti-burn cream

If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (skin swells and bubbles heavily), seek medical attention

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the sun, meteorologists calculate the index of ultraviolet radiation, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What UV radiation of the sun happens

The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three areas, two of which reach the Earth.

• UV A. Long wavelength range
  315-400 nm

  Rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV B. Medium wavelength range
  280-315 nm

  Rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. Fully absorbed by stratospheric ozone, not reaching Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less harmful is the sun. However, these rescue factors have high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in the spring, and the minimum in the fall. Cloudiness is one of the most erratic weather characteristics. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

What UV values \u200b\u200bare hazardous?

The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation of the Sun on the surface of the Earth. UV index values \u200b\u200brange from Safe 0 to Extreme 11+.

• 0 - 2 Low
• 3 - 5 Moderate
• 6 - 7 High
• 8 - 10 Very High
• 11+ Extreme

At mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values \u200b\u200b(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points during the year.

Why is the sun useful?

In small doses, the UV radiation of the sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin   creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D   strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rachitis functions.

What is the sun dangerous?

When taking sun baths, it is important to understand that the line between the useful and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive effect. This reduces immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet breaks the DNA chain

How the sun affects people

Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on the type of skin. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - for them protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most affected by the sun

People with a bright
skin tone

People with many moles

Mid-latitude residents relaxing in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous

The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can sunbathe in cool cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it is, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional places for beach holidays. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect against harmful rays, follow these simple rules:

Less in the afternoon sun

Wear light clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

On the beach are more in the shade

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in degree of protection from the Sun and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the ultraviolet rays will overcome the protective film. In the case of cream 50 - only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is able to reflect 100% ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to apply sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe long enough, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before the exit and, in addition, before going to the beach.

Specify the required volume for application in the instructions for the cream.

How to apply sunscreen when swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes off the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel a burn.

Excessive sweating and towel wiping is also an excuse to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shadow does not provide full protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their effect on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflecting off from water, snow, or sand can cause a painful burn to the retina. To protect your eyes, use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5%.

Snow reflects up to 85% of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.

Thus, in the mountains, the sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

Treat the body with a damp sponge to moisten the burn

Lubricate burned areas with anti-burn cream

If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (skin swells and bubbles heavily), seek medical attention

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the sun, meteorologists calculate the index of ultraviolet radiation, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What UV radiation of the sun happens

The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three areas, two of which reach the Earth.

• UV A. Long wavelength range
  315-400 nm

  Rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV B. Medium wavelength range
  280-315 nm

  Rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. Fully absorbed by stratospheric ozone, not reaching Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less harmful is the sun. However, these rescue factors have high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in the spring, and the minimum in the fall. Cloudiness is one of the most erratic weather characteristics. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

What UV values \u200b\u200bare hazardous?

The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation of the Sun on the surface of the Earth. UV index values \u200b\u200brange from Safe 0 to Extreme 11+.

• 0 - 2 Low
• 3 - 5 Moderate
• 6 - 7 High
• 8 - 10 Very High
• 11+ Extreme

At mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values \u200b\u200b(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points during the year.

Why is the sun useful?

In small doses, the UV radiation of the sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin   creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D   strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rachitis functions.

What is the sun dangerous?

When taking sun baths, it is important to understand that the line between the useful and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive effect. This reduces immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet breaks the DNA chain

How the sun affects people

Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on the type of skin. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - for them protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most affected by the sun

People with a bright
skin tone

People with many moles

Mid-latitude residents relaxing in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous

The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can sunbathe in cool cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it is, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional places for beach holidays. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect against harmful rays, follow these simple rules:

Less in the afternoon sun

Wear light clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

On the beach are more in the shade

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in degree of protection from the Sun and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the ultraviolet rays will overcome the protective film. In the case of cream 50 - only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is able to reflect 100% ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to apply sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe long enough, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before the exit and, in addition, before going to the beach.

Specify the required volume for application in the instructions for the cream.

How to apply sunscreen when swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes off the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel a burn.

Excessive sweating and towel wiping is also an excuse to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shadow does not provide full protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their effect on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflecting off from water, snow, or sand can cause a painful burn to the retina. To protect your eyes, use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5%.

Snow reflects up to 85% of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.

Thus, in the mountains, the sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

Treat the body with a damp sponge to moisten the burn

Lubricate burned areas with anti-burn cream

If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (skin swells and bubbles heavily), seek medical attention