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Social norms and their value. Social norms and values \u200b\u200bof society

Social values \u200b\u200band norms. 11th grade

Goal: to form an idea of \u200b\u200bsocial norms and values, of social control as a special mechanism for maintaining public order.

Lesson type : learning new material.

During the classes

Plan:

Social values \u200b\u200band norms.

Social sanctions.

Learning new material.

(reading a myth to the music of "Sarah Brightman - A Moment of Peace")

Creating the human race, the gods took care of it with truly divine generosity: they gave reason, speech, fire, ability to mastery and art. Everyone was endowed with some kind of talent. Builders, blacksmiths, healers, etc. appeared. Man began to procure food, do beautiful things, and build homes. But the gods failed to teach people to live in society. And when people gathered together for some big business - to build a road, a canal, fierce disputes broke out between them, and often the case ended in general collapse. People were too selfish, too intolerant and cruel, they decided everything only with brute force ...

And the threat of self-destruction loomed over the human race.

Then the father of the gods Zeus, feeling his special responsibility, commanded shame and truth to be introduced into people's lives.

The gods were delighted with the wisdom of the father. They asked him only one question: how to distribute shame and truth among people? After all, the gods bestow talents selectively: one will be sent the abilities of the builder, the other - the musician, the third - the doctor, etc. And what to do with shame and truth?

Zeus replied that all people should have shame and truth. Otherwise, there will be neither cities, nor states, nor people themselves on Earth ...

- What is this myth about?

Today, the lesson will focus on social values \u200b\u200band norms - regulators of human behavior.

1. Social values \u200b\u200band norms

We are faced with values \u200b\u200bat every turn. But how often do we think about them? The saying “Look inside yourself” implies that the basis of our morality should be an internal dialogue, a person’s judgment over himself, in which he himself is both the prosecutor, the defense attorney, and the judge. And what determines the essence of this monologue? Of course, those values \u200b\u200bthat move a person. What are values \u200b\u200band norms?

The class is invited to put together a whole concept from words. (worksheet)

All values \u200b\u200bare interconnected, in unity and form a holistic inner world of man - a pyramid of values.

Build your own pyramid of values \u200b\u200band explain your choice.

Do you think people can live without values? Argument your opinion.

Values \u200b\u200bare unshakable, intimate life orientations of a person .

Without them, man cannot exist. Another thing is that for someone the golden calf is the main guideline, and for someone, friendship is the highest value.

And yet there are such values \u200b\u200bthat the vast majority of the inhabitants of the planet worship. What values \u200b\u200bare I talking about?

There are such values \u200b\u200bthat the vast majority of the inhabitants of the planet worship. What values \u200b\u200bare I talking about? About universal (eternal) values:

Good

Nobility

Dignity

beauty

Conscience

Vera

Hope

True

Liberty

Love

Exercise 1 . Each group should make a short story (5-6 sentences), using partially given words (values).

Work with the text of L.N. Stolovich about universal values.

Biblical Values

The main human value is life. Monologue from "The Idiot" by Dostoevsky. Performed by Eugene Mironov.

SLIDE No. 6-7 What role do these values \u200b\u200bplay in human life? (Slide show)

Therefore, any value is social in nature.

Under social value it is understood a component of social life, endowed with special significance in the consciousness of the individual or in the public consciousness. Values \u200b\u200bactively influence the consciousness and behavior of people.

Give examples of the impact of social values \u200b\u200bon the consciousness and behavior of people.

One of you will ask: do norms of behavior not affect and determine the behavior of people? Let's try to draw parallels between value and norm.

Task 2 . Having studied the material of § 6 "Social norms", handout kinds of social norms -constitute a cluster of what social norms permeate our lives.

Slide №9

Regulation of human behavior by social norms is carried out in three ways:

permission - an indication of behaviors that are desirable but not required;

prescription - an indication of the required action;

prohibition - an indication of actions that should not be performed.

Carefully read the data in the “Social Norms” table and indicate which of the presented norms are a ban? Which ones are prescribed? Which - by permission?

Social norms

Fastening:

Handout Tasks

2. Social sanctions - means of approving social norms.

Sanctions exist in the form of rewards and punishments, which can be formal and informal.

Formal positive sanctions (F +) - public approval by official organizations (government, institution, creative union): government awards, state awards and scholarships, granted titles, academic degrees and titles, construction of a monument, presentation of certificates of honor, admission to high posts and honorary functions .

Informal positive sanctions (N +) - public approval not coming from official organizations: friendly praise, compliments, tacit recognition, friendly disposition, applause, fame, honor, flattering reviews, recognition of leadership or expert qualities, smile.

Formal negative sanctions (F-) - punishments provided for by legal laws, government decrees, administrative instructions, prescriptions, orders: deprivation of civil rights, imprisonment, arrest, dismissal, fine, confiscation of property, demotion, demotion, capital punishment.

Informal Negative Sanctions (H-) - punishments not provided by official authorities: censure, remarks, mockery, mockery, evil joke, unflattering nickname, refusal to maintain relations, spreading rumors, slander, unfriendly recall, complaint, essay writing, revealing article.

II. Securing the studied.

Answer the questions:

Whatsocial norm ?

What social norms exist in society? Explain their purpose.

What role do social sanctions play?

Homework: § 6, to learn.

Worksheet for the lesson "Social Values \u200b\u200band Norms"

Social values \u200b\u200band norms are a fundamental factor in social behavior. Under social values \u200b\u200band norms understand the rules established in society, samples, standards of human behavior, regulating public life. They determine the boundaries of acceptable human behavior in relation to the specific conditions of their life.

Social values \u200b\u200bare understood as the most general ideas about the desired type of society, the goals that people should strive for, and the methods for achieving them. Values \u200b\u200bare specified in social norms.

As temperature can indicate the health and unhealthiness of the body, so the social norm and its conformity can characterize social health. Social ill-being can be judged by deviations from social norms - ethical, legal, deviations of various types, including aggressive (causing physical and moral harm to another), self-serving (unlawful misappropriation of one's own), socially passive, expressed in different forms of self-destructive behavior (alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, sexual licentiousness and prostitution, they also have the consequences of physical and spiritual destruction of the individual).

Social norms - prescriptions, requirements, wishes and expectations of appropriate (socially approved) behavior. Norms are some ideal patterns (templates) that prescribe what people should say, think, feel and do in specific situations. The norm is a historically established measure in a particular society of the permissible behavior of an individual person or group. This is a kind of border. The norm also means something average, or the rule of large numbers ("like everyone else"). For example, the extent of active age may vary depending on the specific time of society.

1. Habits - established patterns (stereotypes) of behavior in certain situations.
2. Manners - external forms of human behavior that receive a positive or negative assessment of others. Manners distinguish educated from ill-mannered, secular people from commoners. If habits are acquired spontaneously, then good manners must be brought up.
3. Etiquette - a system of rules of behavior adopted in special social circles that make up a single whole. Includes special manners, norms, ceremonies and rituals. It characterizes the upper strata of society and belongs to the field of elitist culture.
4. Custom is a traditionally established order of behavior. It is also based on habit, but does not refer to individual, but to collective habits. These are publicly accepted mass action patterns that are recommended.
5. Tradition is all that is inherited from its predecessors. Initially, this word meant "tradition." If habits and customs pass from one generation to another, they become traditions.
6. Rite - a kind of tradition. It characterizes not selective, but mass actions. This is a set of actions established by custom or ritual. Some religious ideas or everyday traditions are expressed in them. Rites are not limited to one social group, but apply to all segments of the population. Rituals accompany important moments of human life.
7. Ceremony and ritual. A ceremony is a sequence of actions that have symbolic meaning and are dedicated to marking some events or dates. The function of these actions is to emphasize the special value of the events noted for the society or group. A ritual is a highly stylized and carefully planned set of gestures or words performed by persons specially chosen and prepared for this. The ritual is endowed with symbolic meaning.
8. Morals - special, mass-protected action patterns highly respected by society. Morals reflect the moral values \u200b\u200bof society; their violation is punished more severely than violation of traditions. These are customs of moral importance. A special form of morals is taboo (an absolute prohibition imposed on any action, word, object). It was especially prevalent in traditional society. In modern society, the taboo is imposed on incest, cannibalism, desecration of graves or insult, etc.
9. Laws - burrows and rules of conduct, documented, supported by the political authority of the state. By laws, society protects the most valuable and respected values: human life, state secrets, human rights and dignity, property.
10. Fashion and hobbies. Passion - a short-term emotional addiction. The change of hobbies that have mastered large groups is called fashion.
11. Values \u200b\u200b- socially approved and shared by most people ideas about what is good. Justice, patriotism, friendship, etc. Values \u200b\u200bare not questioned, they serve as a standard, an ideal for all people. To describe what values \u200b\u200bpeople are oriented to, sociologists use the term value orientations. Values \u200b\u200bbelong to the group or society, value orientations belong to the individual. Values \u200b\u200bare shared by many people beliefs about the goals to be pursued.
12. Beliefs - conviction, emotional commitment to any idea, real or illusory.
13. Code of honor. Among the rules governing human behavior, there are special ones that are based on the concept of honor. They have an ethical content and mean how a person should behave so as not to tarnish his reputation, dignity and good name.

Values \u200b\u200b- shared in society beliefs about the goals that people should strive for and the main means of achieving them. Social values \u200b\u200bare significant ideas, phenomena and objects of reality in terms of their compliance with the needs and interests of society, groups, and individuals.

Value orientations are a product of the socialization of individuals, i.e. the development of socio-political, moral, aesthetic ideals and immutable regulatory requirements for them as members of social groups, communities and society as a whole. Value orientations are internally determined; they are formed on the basis of correlation of personal experience with existing cultural samples and express their own idea of \u200b\u200bwhat is due, characterize life claims. Value orientations fulfill an important function of regulators of social behavior of individuals Volkov Yu.G., Mostovaya IV Sociology: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. IN AND. Dobrenkova. - M.: Gardarika, 1998. - 146 p.

In the social behavior of people, there are many undesirable deviations from social norms, in other words, deviations. The so-called anomie can be attributed to a special, extreme form of deviant behavior (from Greek a - the negative prefix + nomos - the law), which literally means lawlessness.

This is a kind of mass deviation, licentiousness in society. Anomie is a state of society in which a significant part of people neglect social norms. This happens in troubled, transitional, crisis times of civil wars, revolutionary coups, deep reforms and other social upheavals, when the former common goals and values \u200b\u200bthat people understand, collapse, and the belief in the effectiveness of customary moral and legal norms falls. All painful periods to one extent or another have been experienced by all peoples in my history.

Moral norms are similar to legal ones in that they both play the role of the most important mechanism by which human behavior is regulated. are unwritten laws that have developed over the centuries. In law, laws are legally fixed.

Moral culture

Moral norms, values \u200b\u200bare the practical embodiment of morality. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that they determine consciousness and characteristics in all areas of life: life, family, professional activities, interpersonal relationships.

Moral standards are a set of rules that determine human behavior, the violation of which causes harm to a society or group of people. They are formulated in the form of a specific set of actions. For example:

need to give way to those older;
greetings when meeting another person;
be generous and protect those who are weaker;
to arrive on time;
speak culturally and politely;
to wear this or that clothes, etc.

The foundation for building a healthy personality

Spiritual and moral norms and values \u200b\u200bmake up the image of a person who is perfect in the sense of conformity to the pattern of piety. It is to this portrait that one must strive. Thus, the ultimate goals of a particular action are expressed. The ideal uses such an image as Jesus in Christianity. He tried to lay justice in human hearts, he was a great martyr.

Moral rules and norms play a personal role for one or another person. The personality sets its own goals, in which its positive or negative side is manifested. Most people strive for happiness, freedom, knowledge of the meaning of life. Norms of morality help them regulate their moral behavior, thoughts and feelings.

Morality operates in society in the form of a combination of three structural elements, each of which represents one of the sides of morality. These elements are moral activity, moral relations and moral consciousness.

Morality in the past and present

These phenomena began to appear quite a long time ago. Each generation and community of people has their own understanding of the good and evil, their own ways of interpreting moral norms.

If we turn to we will see that there the moral character was seen as unchanged, actually accepted in the absence of a phenomenon. The man of that time could not between accepting and not accepting the prevailing tendencies; he had to unconditionally follow them.

In our time, unlike legal, moral standards are more regarded as recommendations for achieving happiness for oneself and the surrounding society. If earlier morality was defined as something given from above, prescribed by the gods themselves, today it is something like a tacit social contract, which it is desirable to follow. But if you disobey, in fact, they can only blame you, but not call for real responsibility.

You can accept moral laws (for your own good, because they are a useful fertilizer for the sprout of a happy soul), or reject it, but it will remain on your conscience. In any case, the whole society revolves around moral norms, and without them its functioning would be inferior.

Variety of moral standards

All moral norms and principles can be divided into two groups: requirements and permissions. Among the requirements highlight obligations and natural responsibilities. Permissions can also be divided into indifferent and super-long.

There is a public morality, which implies the most unified framework. There is an unwritten set of rules in force in a given country, company, organization or family. There are also installations in accordance with which an individual personality builds his line of behavior.

In order to know moral culture, not only in theory but also in practice, you need to do the right thing, which others will accept and approve.

Perhaps the meaning of morality is exaggerated?

It may seem that following moral standards puts a person in a narrow framework. However, we do not consider ourselves prisoners, using the instructions for a particular radio device. Norms of morality - this is the same scheme that helps us to properly build our lives without conflict with conscience.

Most moral standards coincide with legal ones. But there are situations when morality and law come into conflict. Let us examine this question using the example of the “do not steal” norm. Let's try to ask the question “Why will this or that person never go to steal?”. In the case when the basis is the fear of the court, the motive cannot be called moral. But if a person does not steal, on the basis of the conviction that theft is bad, then the act is based on moral values. But in life it happens that someone considers his own that, from the point of view of law, is a violation of the law (for example, a person decides to steal medicine to save the life of a loved one).

The Importance of Moral Education

Do not wait for the moral environment to develop on its own. She also needs to be built, to learn, that is, to work on herself. Simply, along with mathematics and the Russian language, schoolchildren do not study the laws of morality. And, getting into society, people can sometimes feel as helpless and helpless as if they were in the 1st grade and went to the board and were forced to solve an equation that they had never seen before.

So all the words that well-being fetters, enslaves and makes a slave out of a person are true only if moral standards are perverted and adjusted to the material interests of a particular group of people.

Social hunger strike

Nowadays, finding the right path in life worries a person far less than social discomfort. Parents are more concerned about making the child a good specialist than a happy person in the future. It becomes more important to enter into a successful marriage than to know true love. Having a baby is more important than realizing the true need for motherhood.

Most moral requirements do not appeal to external expediency (if you do so, you will succeed), but to moral duty (you need to do it in a certain way, as it is dictated by duty), thus having the form of an imperative considered as direct and unconditional command.

Moral norms and human behavior are closely interconnected. However, thinking about the laws of morality, a person should not identify them with the regulations, but fulfill them, guided by his own desire.

In order to exist in the social world, a person needs communication and cooperation with other people. But essential for the implementation of a joint and purposeful action should be a position in which people have a common understanding of how to act correctly and how wrong, in which direction to exert their efforts. In the absence of such a view, concerted action cannot be achieved. In this way, a person, as a social being, must create many generally accepted patterns of behavior in order to successfully exist in society, interacting with other individuals. Similar patterns of human behavior in society that regulate this behavior in a certain direction are called social norms.

social norms - a set of requirements and expectations that a social community (group), organization, society presents to its members in their relationships with each other, with social institutions in order to carry out activities (behavior) of the established pattern. These are universal permanent regulations prescribing their practical implementation. There are consequences of the need for a certain behavior. The most important characteristic of a norm is its universality and universality.

Social norm is one of the complex forms of expression of social relations. It consists of many elements, each of which has different properties, capable of the same change within a fairly wide range. In the social norm, public will, embodied social necessity, is embodied. This is what distinguishes it from the so-called quasinorms. The latter are most often rude, violent in nature, fetter initiative, creativity.

The social norm performs the following functions. 1. Norms are designed to guide and 2. regulate the behavior of people in various situations. The regulatory impact is that the norm establishes boundaries, conditions, forms of behavior, the nature of relationships, goals and methods of achieving them. 3. socializes the person; 4. evaluates behavior; 5. Prescribes patterns of proper behavior. 6. Means of ensuring order.

The main social purpose of social norms can be formulated as the regulation of social relations and human behavior. The regulation of relations through social norms ensures the voluntary and conscious cooperation of people.

The following groups of norms can be conditionally distinguished: 1. By carriers: universal, norms of O, group. 2. By field of activity: economic norms, political norms, cultural norms, legal norms. 3. There are formal and informal norms. 4. In scale of action: general and local. 5. By way of security: based on internal convictions, on public opinion, on coercion.

The main types of norms in order to increase their social significance. 1. Customs are simply habitual, normal, most convenient and fairly widespread methods of group activity. New generations of people perceive these social ways of life, partly through unconscious imitation, partly through conscious learning. At the same time, the new generation chooses from these methods what it considers necessary for life. 2. Moral norms - ideas about correct and incorrect behavior that require the execution of some actions and prohibit others. At the same time, members of the social community where similar moral standards operate, share the belief that their violation is disastrous for the whole society. Members of another social community may, of course, consider that at least some of the moral standards of this group are unreasonable. Moral norms are passed on to subsequent generations not as a system of practical benefits, but as a system of unshakable "sacred" absolutes. As a result, moral standards are firmly established and carried out automatically. 3. Institutional norms - a set of specially developed norms and customs concerning important aspects of the activity of O, embodied in social institutions. 4. Laws are simply strengthened and formalized moral standards that require strict implementation

Violation of the norms causes a specific and clear negative reaction from the O, its institutional forms, aimed at overcoming deviant behavior. Types of sanctions - negative or positive, i.e. punishment or encouragement. However, regulatory systems are not frozen and forever data. Norms are changing, and attitude towards them is changing. Deviation from the norm is as natural as following it. Conformism is the complete adoption of the norm; deviation is a deviation from it. Sharp deviations from the norm threaten the stability of O.

In general terms, the process of formation and functioning of social norms can be conditionally represented in the form of successively interconnected stages. The first stage is the emergence and constant development of norms. The second is the understanding and assimilation by the individual of the system of social norms of society, social group, personality, in other words, this is the stage of inclusion of a person in society, his socialization. The third stage is real acts, concrete behavior of an individual. This stage is the central link in the mechanism of socio-normative regulation. It is in practice that it is revealed how deeply social norms entered the consciousness of the individual. The fourth step in the functioning of the norm is the assessment and monitoring of human behavior. At this stage, the degree of compliance or deviation from the norm is revealed.

Values \u200b\u200b- shared in O beliefs about the goals that people should strive for, and the main means of achieving them. Social values \u200b\u200b- significant ideas, phenomena and objects of reality in terms of their compliance with the needs and interests of O, groups, individuals.

Value is a goal in itself. They strive for it for its own sake, because she is ideal. This is something that is valued, that which is significant for a person, that determines the life guidelines of his behavior and is recognized by society as such. The valuable content of phenomena induces a person to activity. Constantly in the world of alternatives, a person is forced to choose, the criteria of which become values.

Values \u200b\u200bchange with the development of society. They are formed on the basis of needs and interests, but do not copy them. Values \u200b\u200bare not a cast of needs and interests, but an ideal representation that does not always correspond to them.

Value orientations are a product of the socialization of individuals, i.e. the development of socio-political, moral, aesthetic ideals and immutable regulatory requirements for them as members of social groups, communities and society as a whole. CO are internally determined, they are formed on the basis of the correlation of personal experience with cultural patterns prevailing in society and express their own idea of \u200b\u200bwhat is due, harbor life claims. Despite the ambiguous interpretation of the concept of “value orientations,” all researchers agree that value orientations fulfill an important function of regulators of individuals' social behavior.

Within the framework of Parsons' structural functionalism, the social order depends on the existence of common values \u200b\u200bshared by all people, which are considered legitimate and binding, acting as a standard through which the goals of the action are selected. The connection between the social system and the personality system is carried out through the internalization of values \u200b\u200bin the process of socialization.

Frankl showed that values \u200b\u200bnot only govern actions, they fulfill the role of the meanings of life and comprise three classes: the values \u200b\u200bof creativity; c. experiences (love); c. relations.

Classification of values. 1. Traditional (focused on the preservation and restoration of existing norms and goals of life) and modern (arise under the influence of changes in life). 2. Basic (characterize the main orientations of people in life and main areas of activity. They are formed in the process of primary socialization, then remaining fairly stable) and secondary. 3. Terminal (express the most important goals and ideals, the meanings of life) and instrumental (approved in this O means of achieving goals). 4. A hierarchy is possible from the lowest to the highest.

N. I. Lapin offers his classification of values, based on the following grounds:

On the subject content (spiritual and material, economic, social, political, etc.); By functional orientation (integrating and differentiating, approved and denied); According to the needs of individuals (vital, interactionist, socialization, life-meaning); By type of civilization (values \u200b\u200bof societies of a traditional type, values \u200b\u200bof societies such as modernity, universal values).

24. Mass consciousness as a form of social consciousness.
In the knowledge of the phenomenon of "mass consciousness" in philosophical and sociological literature, two different approaches have taken shape. One is represented in Western European and American empirical sociology, the other has developed in Soviet social philosophy based on the dialectical method. In the present work, an attempt is made to continue the traditions of Russian social philosophy.
D. Bell in his book “The Purpose of Ideology” identifies five groups of definitions of mass consciousness, in which the starting category is the category “mass”.

The first group should include the definition given by G. Bloomer, in which the concept of "mass" is identified with a huge and undifferentiated audience under the influence of the media. This audience - the mass opposes homogeneous social communities (classes, strata, professional groups).
In the second group, Western sociologists attribute to the “mass” the incompetent, illiterate judgments of the main part of society, which are the result of the weakening of the influence of the enlightened elite (X. Ortega - and - Gasset).
In the third group, the concept of “mass” is associated with the technological level of development of society, where a person loses his individuality and becomes an appendage of the machine (F. G. Junger).
In the fourth group, “mass” refers to the predominant part of a bureaucratic society that is not allowed to make socio-economic, socio-managerial, socio-political decisions (T. Simmel, M. Weber, K. Mannheim).
In the fifth group, “mass” is identified with the crowd, and mass consciousness is characterized by uniformity, alienation, aimlessness (E. Lederer, X. Arendt).
When studying the phenomenon of mass consciousness in the second approach, the work of B. A. Grushin, G. G. Diligensky, A. K. Uledov, Y. V. Lyubivoy, V. S. Barulin deserves special attention, giving him the following characteristics.

Mass consciousness differs from other levels of social consciousness in that it exists and is realized in the mass of individual consciousnesses (A.K. Uledov). The subjects of many types of mass consciousness are not only individuals, but also large social groups, including classes. The peculiarity of mass consciousness is that it includes knowledge, ideas, norms, values \u200b\u200bdeveloped by the whole mass of society in the process of communication between society members and the joint perception of social information (G. G. Diligensky).
Mass consciousness does not coincide with any of the known types of consciousness: individual and social, class and non-class, theoretical and ordinary, religious and political. Mass consciousness, which does not coincide with any of the traditionally distinguished types of consciousness, covers them all, resulting in its composition - a multilayer, multisectoral, "patchwork formation" (B.A. Grushin).
Mass consciousness "destroys" the boundaries of all classes, layers, groups of population existing in society, distinguished on the basis of their objective position, i.e. it is an “ex-group” consciousness, recognizing the only kind of groups — distinguished on the basis of its own (mass consciousness) own characteristics.
Mass consciousness is that real force that influences the historical process, directly inducing people to activity — a certain “absolute” subsystem.
Of particular importance in the analysis of mass consciousness is its comparison with other elements of social consciousness. Thus, mass consciousness cannot be identified with everyday consciousness, just as ideology cannot be identified with theoretical consciousness. The difference between mass consciousness and ideology is that the first directly determines the actions and deeds of large masses of people, acting as a “conscious motive”, and the second, before performing such a function, must still be spread among the masses, become the content of mass consciousness.
Like everyday life, mass consciousness in modern conditions closely interacts with specialized consciousness, assimilates many of the principles of science and culture, has a certain level of systematization and intellectualization, and goes through historical stages in its development. Its existence can have various transformed forms and it is subject to manipulation from the outside.
Unlike the ordinary, mass consciousness not only captures and evaluates social reality, but also has the energy of practical action. Ordinary consciousness is an element that stands out in the structure of social consciousness during epistemological analysis and correlates with theoretical consciousness. Thus, everyday consciousness is an epistemological section, mass consciousness is an activity, practical, and a sociological section of a real consciousness of individuals, social groups, and the whole society.
When analyzing mass consciousness, it is necessary to correlate it not only with everyday consciousness, but also with social psychology, since the subject of all these spiritual and psychological formations are large groups and masses of people.
Social psychology is a way of real existence of consciousness of large masses of people, and mass consciousness - those psychological structures that unite people into spiritual and psychological communities. The object of social psychology is society, the real life of society, and in particular social relations, while the object of mass consciousness is not only society, but also nature. In the mass consciousness, unlike social psychology, the elements of social knowledge are firmly woven into the psychological fabric of social feelings and emotions.
Mass consciousness permeates all spheres of social life, manifesting in each of them to a different degree (the sphere of material production, social life, the political sphere). As a result of the analysis of the given characteristics of mass consciousness and its interaction with other elements of social consciousness, the following conclusion can be drawn. Mass consciousness is a specific element of social consciousness. Its specificity lies in the fact that mass consciousness integrates all the elements of social consciousness: types, forms, levels, spheres, the interweaving and interaction of which provides a holistic, meaningful version of the historical form of mass consciousness.
The change in social values \u200b\u200bin public consciousness occurs gradually and unevenly in different groups of people. Recent decades in human civilization, the values \u200b\u200bof the survival and development of both humanity and each individual have come to the forefront. It became an obvious and indisputable fact for the mass consciousness that the further movement of society forward is impossible without a qualitatively new level of political, economic, legal and environmental culture, that this culture should permeate people's consciousness.
The mass consciousness as a whole is approaching the recognition that society in modern conditions is deprived of the prospect of development without a sharp jump in the mass introduction to the world level of moral and scientific information culture.

Goal: to form an idea of \u200b\u200bsocial norms and values, of social control as a special mechanism for maintaining public order.

Lesson type: learning new material.

During the classes

Plan:

Social values \u200b\u200band norms.
Social sanctions.

I. The study of new material.

And the threat of self-destruction loomed over the human race.

Then the father of the gods Zeus, feeling his special responsibility, commanded shame and truth to be introduced into people's lives.

The gods were delighted with the wisdom of the father. They asked him only one question: how to distribute shame and truth among people? After all, the gods give selectively talents: one will be sent the abilities of a builder, another - a musician, a third - a doctor, etc. And what to do with shame and truth?

Zeus replied that all people should have shame and truth. Otherwise, there will be neither cities, nor states, nor people themselves on Earth ...

What is this myth about?

Today, the lesson will focus on social values \u200b\u200band norms - regulators of human behavior.

1. Social values \u200b\u200band norms

The class is invited from words to collect a whole concept.

There are such values \u200b\u200bthat the vast majority of the inhabitants of the planet worship. What values \u200b\u200bare I talking about? About universal (eternal) values:

The class is divided into three groups.

Exercise 1. Each group should make a short story (5-6 sentences), using partially given words (values).

Task 2. Having studied the material of § 6 “Social norms”, to form a cluster of what social norms permeate our lives.

Regulation of human behavior by social norms is carried out in three ways:

permission - an indication of behaviors that are desirable but not required;
prescription - an indication of the required action;
prohibition - an indication of actions that should not be performed.

Carefully read the data in the “Social Norms” table and indicate which of the presented norms are a ban? Which ones are prescribed? Which - by permission?

Social norms

Kinds	Example

Traditions	Regular meetings of graduates *(permission)*
Legal regulations	“The propaganda of social, racial, national, religious or linguistic superiority is prohibited” (Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 29 (2)) *(ban)*
Moral standards	Do things to the other way you want them to do to you *(prescription)*
Political norms	“The people exercise their power directly, as well as through bodies of state power and bodies of local self-government” (Constitution of the Russian Federation, Art. 3 (2)) *(prescription)*
Aesthetic norms	The canon of the proportions of the human body, established in the plastic of Ancient Egypt, and developed by the ancient Greek sculptor Poliklet system of ideal proportions of the human body, which became the norm for Antiquity *(ban)*
Religious norms	“Do not give evil to anyone for evil, take care of the good between all people ... Do not avenge yourself, beloved, but give a place to the Wrath of God” (Introduction to the Christian Bible. New Testament. St. Petersburg, 1993. P. 173) *(ban)*
Rules of etiquette	Helping a child, helpless woman ... *(prescription)*
	Fashion for sportswear *(permission)*

2. Social sanctions - means of approving social norms.

Sanctions exist in the form of rewards and punishments, which can be formal and informal.

Formal positive sanctions (F +) - public approval by official organizations (government, institution, creative union): government awards, state awards and scholarships, granted titles, academic degrees and titles, construction of a monument, presentation of certificates of honor, admission to high posts and honorary functions .

Informal positive sanctions (N +) - public approval not coming from official organizations: friendly praise, compliments, tacit recognition, friendly disposition, applause, fame, honor, flattering reviews, recognition of leadership or expert qualities, smile.

Formal negative sanctions (F-) - punishments provided for by legal laws, government decrees, administrative instructions, prescriptions, orders: deprivation of civil rights, imprisonment, arrest, dismissal, fine, confiscation of property, demotion, demotion, capital punishment.

Informal Negative Sanctions (H-) - punishments not provided by official authorities: censure, remarks, mockery, mockery, evil joke, unflattering nickname, refusal to maintain relations, spreading rumors, slander, unfriendly recall, complaint, essay writing, revealing article.