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Behind last years tourism business began its rapid development in all countries of the world. Getting acquainted with the experience of various foreign countries, you can see that the success of the tourism business development largely depends on how this industry is perceived at the state level, and how state institutions support this industry. In order to receive income from the tourism business, any civilized state must invest heavily in exploring its territories in order to assess the tourism potential. State programs should promote the development of the tourism business, the development of tourist centers, the creation and development of the necessary infrastructure, as well as advertising and information support.
Practice shows that the private sector will never be able to make large investments for the development of resort tourism enterprises, as well as the basic elements of tourism infrastructure; it cannot afford to perform the functions of the National Tourism Administration. In countries with developed tourism business there are organizations that are usually subordinate to ministries that are involved in the development of national tourism development programs. Such organizations have different names, for example, in the UK it is BTA (British Nourist Authority), in Italy - ENIT, in Ireland - Irish Board, in Spain - Turespana, in Norway - NOTRA. Such organizations have their own representative offices for tourism in other countries. These organizations are developing programs that will attract tourist flows and provide tourist information.
The specifics of the tourism business is associated with a wide range of relationships. People who participate in the processes of organizing travel and leisure enter this relationship. The existing relationship is so diverse that it creates a certain complexity of legal regulation.
In any particular state, the relationship between the parties “travel agency - state", "tourist - state", "tourist - travel agency" are regulated by the relevant legislation. Such legislation should fully cover every element of the relationship of these parties.
Today there are several approaches to the organizational process of state regulation of tourism. So in many countries with developed market economies state regulation is completely absent, and market entities themselves carry out operational regulation. In those countries where there is state regulation of the market for tourism services, two models are applied - there are special bodies state power, or regulation is performed by multidisciplinary bodies.
Now let's look at how state institutions operate on the example of several countries.
- 1. In Of Austria the tourism industry is overseen by the Ministry of Economy. The tourism opportunities of the state are advertised by the Austrian National Tourism Office, which has offices in 26 countries.
- 2. In Great Britain The tourism sector is led by the Department of Culture, Spectacles and Sports, which directly reports to the authority responsible for tourism, the British Nourist Authority (BTA). This organization is involved in attracting flows of foreign tourists to the UK, as well as developing domestic tourism. In addition, this organization consults with the government and other government agencies involved in tourism. To this end, at the initiative of the administration, advertising campaigns are conducted outside the country through a network of their offices and representatives. Also for these purposes the press, radio, television are used. The administration organizes international conferences, provides consulting and marketing services on international tourism and publishes various information and reference materials. In its legal form, BTA is also a private entrepreneurial institution, which along with traditional activities in foreign markets also provides a number of paid marketing and consulting services, organizes seminars and exhibitions, implements a number of projects with foreign capital, publishes and implements guides, videos and other promotional products. BTA is headed by a board of directors, which consists of five members and the president. The organization has approximately 300 employees, of which approximately a third work directly in London, while the rest work in 26 representative offices abroad. About 68% of the necessary funds BTA receives from the state budget.
- 3. In Germany The tourism business is organized by the National Tourism Committee of the Ministry of Economics, which is responsible for promoting the tourism product in Germany and increasing tourist flows to the country. Representatives of this committee work in 27 countries of the world.
- 4. In Israel The Ministry of Tourism works. In 2007, the budget of this organization was 150 million US dollars. These funds were used to finance various events related to presentation, information, exhibition activities in all countries of the world. Also, part of these funds was used to conduct various conferences, organize consulting services, and publish advertising materials and booklets.
- 5. In Indonesia There is a special department for tourism, which has broad powers in the protection of the rights of tourists. So, the tourist police operate in the country, which oversees and controls all tourism enterprises. In addition, she takes a direct part in resolving conflict situations, the participants of which are foreign tourists.
- 6. In Italy in 1983 a law was passed to improve and develop the tourism sector and hotel industry. The law defines the main bodies of tourism management at the regional level and the procedure for their functioning. A clear definition of the tourist enterprise and the conditions for its registration are given. The law also defines the classification hotel industry, sets out a number of conditions under which travel agencies, transport and public associations are allowed to engage in tourism business. In addition, the law regulates the activities of professionals in the tourism sector, defines measures to support the tourism business from the state. The Department of Tourism is part of the Ministry of Production. The department coordinates the activities of regional tourist administrations, develops normative and sectoral documents of a national nature, examines and processes statistical data. In international activities, the department is engaged in the creation of intergovernmental agreements and relations with other international tourism organizations. The powers of local administrations are widespread. They are responsible for all issues of licensing tourism activities on their territory, classify hotels, have the right to advertise and promote their tourism products both domestically and abroad. But, nevertheless, the main role in representing Italy in the international tourism market is given to the National Tourism Board (ENIT). Main function this organization is the organization of advertising and information work, marketing research, coordination of foreign and local tourism organizations. ENIT is subordinate to the Department of Tourism, and its activities are fully funded from the state budget.
- 7. In Of Spain all tourism activities at the national level are defined by the Law "On Competence in the Field of Tourism" and the Decree "On the Activity of Private Tourism Enterprises" of January 14, 1965. In addition to the national law, each of the seventeen autonomies has its own legislation on tourism activities, the main provisions of which are consistent with the above law. Articles on tourism regulate the relationship between the seller of tourist products and tourists, as well as a number of conditions under which legal entities and individuals are allowed to engage in tourism business, the procedure for providing tourists with their services, as well as state control measures and the procedure for applying sanctions against violators. In April 1996, the Spanish Parliament approved the Combined Travel Act. This law clearly defined the rights and obligations of both the tourism organization and the consumer of tourism services. Combined travel means a trip that includes a tour product containing at least two of the three main elements - accommodation for the night, transport and any other tourist services. This law gives a clear distribution of responsibilities within the tourism industry and provides an explanation of the various aspects of the tourism product and combined travel. All issues of tourism activities in Spain are handled by the State Secretariat for Trade, Tourism and Small Business, which is directly subordinate to the Ministry of Economy. In addition to the State Secretariat, the following organizations are also subordinate to the Ministry of Economy: - The Central Directorate for Tourism, which deals with administrative issues and the development of general directions of state policy in the field of tourism business. - The hotel chain “Paradores”, which includes 83 hotels of historical value. - Two exhibition and congress centers located in Madrid and Malaga, as well as the Spanish Tourism Institute Turespaca. The powers of the Ministry of Economy are rather limited. Important issues such as certification of services, licensing, development of a strategy for the tourism industry, belong to local authorities. In order to coordinate the activities of these organizations in Spain, the Tourism Development Council has been created, which includes representatives of state authorities at all levels, as well as representatives of private business. In most cases, Council decisions are only advisory in nature. Spanish Institute of Tourism "Turespaca" is engaged in attracting foreign tourists. The Institute is also engaged in the promotion of Spanish resorts and promotional activities abroad. The activities of the Institute are fully funded from the state budget.
- 8. In France The Law on Tourism defines the conditions that make it possible to engage in the sale of tours. Also, a circle of legal entities and individuals that are subject to this law has been established, a list of services that are considered to be tourist services is provided. In addition, a number of conditions have been formulated that make it possible to carry out tourism activities for travel agencies, various public organizations, local tourism authorities and individuals. Here we are talking about the possibility of obtaining official permission to engage in tourist activities in the form as defined by the Law. In a special section of this Law, all relations between the consumer and the producer of tourist services are recorded. It also lists the basic rights and obligations of the seller of services and the buyer, which must be contained in the contract. The law regulates the measures of responsibility of the seller of a tourist product for the quality of the services it provides. In addition, the Law provides for liability for violation of the Law and sanctions against violators and a mechanism for control by state organizations over the conduct of legal and by individualswhich are covered by this Law. The regulation of tourism is dealt with by the Ministry of Transport and Public Works. Its structure includes the State Secretariat for Tourism and the Department of Tourism. These bodies deal with the management and regulation of the tourism industry, investment and international relations tourism business. In addition, a number of bodies still operate that take part in the management of tourism activities with the right of an advisory vote: - The Tourism Board under the Ministry of Transport and Public Works. - The National Committee for the Prosperity of France, which deals with environmental issues and urban greening. - National Vacation Travel Agency. - The French Agency for Tourism Engineering and the National Tourism Supervisory Board, which is responsible for marketing research and statistics in the tourism business. Also at the regional level there are representatives of the central executive branch, whose responsibilities include resolving the development of the tourism sector and who report directly to the prefects. The activities of these representatives are mainly aimed at coordinating local initiatives in the tourism sector. The association “Maison de la France”, which was founded in 1987 as a result of a partnership agreement between the administrations of excursion display facilities, travel agencies and local administrations, is promoting the image of France as a tourist center on the international market. The activities of this organization are partially financed from the state budget, whose share is 60%.
- 9. In Of Finland tourism activities are regulated by the Laws “On entities entitled to sell tours” and “On tours and tourism activities”. The adoption of this law was caused by the entry of Finland into the EU and the need to bring Finnish laws in line with EU requirements. These laws regulated the relationship between the client and the travel company regarding the sale of the tour, as well as the procedure for resolving disputed issues. In March 1995, the Finnish Government Decision “On Tourism Activities” was adopted. This decision provides the basic information that is required when registering for a tourist activity. In addition to the usual questions, it was necessary to indicate whether the company was an intermediary of a foreign travel agency.
- 10. In United states of america The first US National Tourism Act was passed in 1961. This law provided for the establishment of the Travel and Tourism Administration (APT), which functioned as part of the US Department of Commerce. A little later, in 1981, the Law on National Tourism Policy was adopted. In May 1992, the Law on Tourism Policy and Export Development was adopted, which set the following tasks for the APT: coordination of state policy in the field of tourism in the interests of the United States, statistics on tourism, research on the tourism market, and support for states and counties , cities and rural areas, the management of tourism development program. In addition to the national authority for regulating tourism at the federal level, each of the US states has a corresponding service that is responsible for the development of the tourism business. In most cases, this is the Agency for Trade, Commerce and Tourism, which deals with the tasks of systematic growth and comprehensive development of the tourism business. It also organizes advertising and information programs on tourism promotion and carries out research campaigns to analyze the status and prospects of the tourism industry. In 1996, the US Congress passed another law that contributed to the development of the tourism business. Starting in 1997, a new Federal Tourism Organization, the National Tourism Organization (NOT), began to function. This Act states that if in the near future NOTs do not increase the United States share in the global tourism market and increase the flow of foreign tourists, then it will be dissolved.
- 11. In Switzerland All tourism issues are dealt with by the Central Tourism Office (CVT), which is the largest national advertising agency.
In June 1990, the EU adopted the EU Directive, which regulated all issues regarding the content of tourism services and the tourism product as a whole. In order to protect the rights of consumers, this directive brings the texts of contracts between a travel company and a tourist to a single content, as well as stipulates all conditions, mutual rights, obligations and guarantees.
Tourism is rightfully a highly profitable and dynamically developing sector of the state economy. Being a source of foreign currency in the country, it affects the balance of payments of the state, and international tourism affects the cultural and social sphere.
Speaking of tourism as one of the most important sectors of the economy, the following official data should be cited: according to expert estimates by the UNWTO and Rostourism in Russia, the share of tourism in GDP is 2%. Already in the first half of 2013 it is clear that the entry of foreign citizens into Russia increased by 11% compared with the figures for 2012 (13 154 723 people in 2012 and 14 651 487 in 2013). Most of all came the citizens of Ukraine (3,252,239 people), Uzbekistan (1,716,362 people) and Kazakhstan (1,708,500 people). But directly for the purpose of tourism, in the 1st half of 2013, 1,049,487 thousand people arrived in Russia. For the same period in 2012, 993,383 tourists were noted, an increase of 6% is visible. For the purpose of tourism, the residents of Germany (142,731 people), China (129,846 thousand) and the USA (67,576 thousand) most often come to us.
Interest in the development of tourism is growing every year in many countries and Russia is no exception. Unfortunately, tourism in Russia is not as developed as, for example, tourism in the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, France, Egypt, Thailand and several other countries.
So what's the deal? After analyzing the official data of the Federal State Statistics Service on the entry of Russian citizens into foreign countries using some countries as an example, a number of conclusions can be drawn. For consideration, we take countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany. At the beginning of the 2000s, outbound tourism in Russia was only gaining momentum and people mastered various ways of transportation: railways, autobahns, air travel. As can be seen from the data of the Federal State Statistics Service in the year 2000, 1075 thousand trips were to Poland, 90 thousand to the Czech Republic and 450 thousand trips to Germany. This was due to the fact that it was much easier for Russian citizens to get a visa to Poland than to Germany or the Czech Republic, it should also be noted that Poland is the closest to all, that is, you can get to it not only by air travel or railway services, but and by car. In 2003, an autobahn between Poland and Germany began to be built and tour agencies were gaining momentum, various excursion programs in Germany were invented, such as “excursions to Bonn and Düsseldorf”, “excursions to Ghent and Bruges,” which again entailed growth tourists, it increased by 56% compared to 2000. By 2004, tourist growth had increased again, but this time due to the development of the hotel sector in major cities Germany. And if in 2003 790 thousand trips were made, then in 2004 it increased by 35 thousand!
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude: tourists are the most sensitive and demanding for comfort. Comfortable conditions should not only be in the residence, that is, in the hotel, but it is also necessary to take into account such important factors as: developed transport infrastructure, the presence of a professional guide who could choose the best offer that would meet all the preferences of the tourist.
For the example of Germany, the Czech Republic in 2004 and 2005 developed a number of excursion programs around the country with different kinds tourism (sightseeing, gastronomic, medical, etc.) and after a number of marketing transformations, Prague became the most mystical city, and Karlovy Vary began to occupy a leading position in the field of treatment. And as can be seen from the statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service, the flow of tourists compared to 2000 increased by 45%.
It is very important to indicate the state of Poland, after 2003, the flow of tourists arriving directly to this country for tourism began to fall sharply, by 2004 the flow of tourists decreased by 52%. Naturally, the reason for this fall was the lack of tourists' interest in Poland. The country did not develop its infrastructure in any way, in particular the hotel sector, nor was there any development of attractions. And by 2005 to the present time, Poland is more of a transit territory than a developed tourism sector.
Until recently, Russia's participation in international tourism remained almost invisible, against the background of countries with developed industries. Foreign countries have developed and are implementing specific proposals aimed at improving tourism. For Russia, it is important to take measures to develop a marketing program: this country, possessing unique places and traditions both in terms of geography and culture, could specialize in religious, sports, foot, horse, river, cultural, recreational and pilgrim tourism.
Today, Russia is actively developing the hotel sector, transport, sightseeing and sanatorium-medical infrastructure. But speaking about the prospects of tourism in Russia, it is necessary to say that the main factor for development is the further holding of massive international events. The 2014 Winter Olympics, the 2018 World Cup, the 2019 Winter Universiade in Krasnoyarsk - these events will increase interest and increase the flow of foreign tourists to our country. According to UNWTO expert estimates, the number of inbound tourist flow to Russia by 2020 should be about 47 million people. foreign country tourism development
So, tourism is one of the most promising and profitable sectors of the economy, the potential of which in Russia is not fully realized. In order to achieve a positive balance between inbound and outbound tourism, it is necessary to stimulate the development of domestic tourism so that the citizens of our country seek to visit and recognize domestic attractions and tourist centers, and not only set the initial purpose of a trip abroad;
With many tourism resources, having a decent and interesting story, our country is able to attract a large number of tourists from all over the world. And it is worth noting that the dynamics of the development of the tourist market in Russia speaks of trends towards an increase in the number of tourists, foreign in particular.
INTRODUCTION
IN modern world competition is a constant attribute of the global environment in which individual cities operate and develop. The level of their competitiveness is determined either by a more efficient use of the resources that they managed to attract, or by the presence of unique resources that together form an attractive offer of the country, region, city for the population and business. In connection with the intensification and intensification of competition between individual cities, it becomes relevant to design a city brand, develop and implement a strategy for promoting it in the epicenter of the global information space.
Promoting the development of the tourism sector in small towns should be considered as a tool to increase the level of employment, reducing labor migration, including youth, increased business activity, improved financial performance of enterprises, the formation of a positive tourist image. In order to promote the development of tourism in small towns, it is necessary to actively stimulate entrepreneurial initiative, create a favorable investment and entrepreneurial climate, and attract entrepreneurs to create tourism information centers, the formation of a tourist marketing strategy.
A peculiar super-task of urban marketing is the effective use of existing ones, as well as the creation of new advantages to attract economic agents to the city that can increase the well-being of city residents.
Tourism in the modern world is one of the most massive, profitable and intensively developing sectors of the world economy. For the development of small cities with a valuable historical and cultural heritage, it can and should become one of the priority areas. In Belarus, according to the results of research and design workperformed by various authors, more than 30 small urban settlements are considered as promising centers of tourism.
A large number of historical and cultural values \u200b\u200bhave been preserved in small urban settlements of Belarus. However, many of them are destroyed, are in poor condition. technical condition. Therefore, the issues of preservation and restoration of historical and cultural monuments, as well as the promotion of small towns, are especially relevant and require immediate resolution.
The effective promotion of small towns in Belarus requires experience and illustrative examples of the promotion of small towns in other countries, for example, in Western Europe.
1.1 Travel destinations in Germany
Germany has everything to make your stay pleasant: hotels for every taste, many shops, cozy cafes and restaurants, public transport (the reliability of which is known all over the world), as well as local hospitality, which raised the quality of tourist services to a very high level. In Germany, you can relax in a variety of ways, and you can also follow the most popular tourist routes.
The German Romantic Road is Germany’s oldest and most famous tourist route. With a length of 350 km from Franconia to Tyrol, it offers relaxation and travel rich in various impressions.
During the trip, tourists get acquainted with the history of Bavaria and the 2000-year-old culture of this land. For example, natural attractions formed from meteorites falling millions of years ago, or the Roman road Via Claudia Augusta, which dates back to the 15th century BC. ran from Northern Italy through the Alps. The amazing nature of the south of Germany itself is an attraction: mountains covered with vineyards in Franconia, picturesque forests along the Danube, the cleanest lake of Forggensee at the foot of the Alps. In the north of the “Romantic Road” near Würzburg there is a monument to Baltazar Neumann, and in the south at the foot of the famous Neuschwanstein Castle is the Bavarian fairy king Ludwig 2.
In addition to historical monuments, tourists have the opportunity to appreciate the German cuisine, wide offers for recreation, accommodation and organization of cultural events.
The German Romantic Road route encompasses the following cities: Munich - Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau castles - Füssen - Schongau - Landsberg am Lech - Augsburg - Nördlingen - Wallerstein - Dinkelsbühl - Rothenburg ob der Tauber - Bad Mergentheim-Würnburg-Luda-Luda.
As a rule, German travel agencies offer a route in the warm season (March-September), lasting 8 days / 7 nights.
| Tour program | |
| 1 day | Departure to Munich. Transfer to the hotel and accommodation (in case of early arrival, a sightseeing tour is possible on the 1st day). |
| 2 day | Sightseeing bus and walking tour of Munich. Free time in the city. |
| 3 day | A trip to the Bavarian Alps. Start of the journey along the Romantic Road of Germany Visiting Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau castles. Transfer to Fussen. Inspection of one of the old Bavarian cities with a perfectly preserved center. Hotel accommodation in Füssen. |
| 4 day | Visit the famous pilgrimage church of Wiskirche, included in the list of world cultural heritage of UNESCO. Moving to Schongau, a city with rich in history, which was for a long time the residence of the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Alps. Transfer to Landsberg am Lech. The city was founded by the Duke Heinrich Leo. Moving to Augsburg, a city with a 2000-year history. Sightseeing tour and free time in the city. Moving to Nördlingen, which arose at the site of the meteorite’s impact, a free imperial city known in the Middle Ages, a center of trade and handicraft. Hotel accommodation. |
| 5 day | Sightseeing tour of Nördling. Moving to Wallerstein, the residence of the Ottingen-Wallerstein princes, who currently live in the castle. Inspection of the famous plague pillar. Transfer to the imperial city of Dinkelsbühl. Acquaintance with the city. Transfer to Rothenburg ob der Tauber. The city houses the world famous Christmas Museum and the largest forensic science museum in Europe. Sightseeing tour of the city (the most famous of all small cities in Germany). Hotel accommodation. |
| 6 day | Transfer to the ancient city of Bad Mergentheim. Sightseeing tour of the city - the former residence of the Great and German Masters of the Teutonic Order. Moving to Würzburg (a treasury of world architectural monuments of culture inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List). City tour. Moving to Bamberg - one of the oldest cities in Germany. Hotel accommodation in Bamberg / Würzburg. |
| 7 day | Transfer to Nuremberg. Sightseeing tour of Nuremberg. Free time. Transfer to Munich. Hotel accommodation. |
| 8 day | Airport transfer. Departure to Moscow. |
Tour price per person in euros
Thus, it can be noted that this route includes more than a dozen small German cities, famous for both historical and cultural monuments, and natural landscapes, and has gained wide fame and popularity due to their combination in a single whole. This route is widely represented on German sites, in print editions of book stalls in the country.
The joint German-Czech route “Castle Road” allows tourists to get acquainted with the common history of these two countries on the example of castles. The “Castle Road” is the only route that runs from east to west. It starts in Mannheim and ends in Prague. The length of the route is 460 km. About 70 castles and palaces are located along the route. The value of this route is not only in ancient monuments. It passes through such international tourist centers as Heidelberg, Rothenburg, Nuremberg, Bayreuth, then, already in the Czech Republic: Karlovy Vary, Marianske Lazne and Prague.
Heidelberg has the largest wine barrel in the world (its capacity is 223 liters). Here, tourists visit the oldest university in Germany, and the city of Heidelberg was once called the "student principality".
An undoubted attraction of Rothenburg is the unique Christmas jewelry store-museum, open all year round.
In addition to castles and palaces, this route offers many more interesting things: city monuments of medieval architecture, ancient churches, more than 100 museums, souvenirs self madevisiting exhibitions.
Thus, it can be noted that a similar route can be promoted in Belarus, where there are a large number of castles and monuments of medieval architecture in small towns. For its successful functioning it is necessary to adopt from Germany such a “highlight” as a stop in one of the castles, with national cuisine and a luxurious overnight stay surrounded by antique furniture, paintings and weapons.
The attractiveness of the city can be determined by traditional events: holidays, festivals and other events that make the city unique.
The formation of associations with famous historical characters is a powerful means of attracting tourists. Tourists from all over the world come to these cities to understand what determined the inspiration of artists, to see the natures for their works, to feel the atmosphere in which the craftsmen lived and worked.
The “Fairy Tales Road” route is a journey through a delightfully beautiful area, where in the old days beloved heroes of children's fairy tales lived.
The route runs from south to north, from Frankfurt to Bremen. It passes through such interesting cities as Alsfeld. In this city, the houses are so beautiful and peculiar that they resemble the pages of children's fairy tales. On Russian sites they are called "gingerbread." A traditional festival is held in the city, the culmination of which is a costumed procession through the narrow medieval streets and squares. Here, the heroes of fairy tales walk the streets, fairies and elves fly, and the locals dress in traditional folk costumes. The city has a large number of monuments to fairy-tale heroes, the House of fairy tales and the Museum of fairy tales.
The city of Schwalmstadt is the "capital" of the fabulous heroine - Little Red Riding Hood. The city has several museums, a theater and hundreds of well-preserved half-timbered buildings in the ancient center. Schwalmstadt also holds its festival, when the heroes of favorite fairy tales march through the streets and Little Red Riding Hood meets tourists on every corner.
In Kassel - the capital of “Fairy Tale Roads”, the brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began to collect folk tales and legends that made them famous. This is where the Brothers Grimm Museum, founded in 1959, is located. Here are the romantic artificial ruins of the knight's castle of Leuvenburg in the neo-Gothic style.
In general, the route resembles shots from the Disney cartoon, it amazes with its colorfulness and originality, and makes tourists come back again and again.
Historical or modern parks, other natural landscapes with favorable conditions - natural and artificial ponds, forests, landscaped spaces.
The romantic banks of the Rhine, Moselle, Ara and Saar in the lands of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland completely cover vineyards, forming the so-called Weinstraße (winemaking road).
The special microclimate of this area and an average of five hours of sunshine per day allow you to grow grapes here.
Weinstrasse descends from Bockheim to the south and ends in Schwegen. The length of the route: 100 km. An unforgettable experience leaves the Moselle Valley. The most interesting part of it is a winding 200-kilometer stretch between the ancient Trier, founded 2000 years ago, and Koblenz, located where the Moselle flows into the Rhine.
There are about a hundred villages on Weinstrasse. During the year, more than 200 festivals and festivals dedicated to the main drink of this region are held here. Along the Weinstrasse are more than ten ancient castles and palaces.
Especially a lot of guests here during the grape harvest season.
Thus, this route is aimed at a specific segment of tourists who want to visit the “very backwoods” of Germany, take part in local celebrations and celebrations, learn how to make homemade grape wine and taste it. This route will always be in demand, because not every country has thirteen wine regions!
Tourist route “German toy road. Travel to childhood "
Through the picturesque cities and plateaus of Franconia and Thuringia runs a 300-kilometer tourist route leading straight to childhood. Here you can see a wide variety of toys - in workshops and at trade shows, in museums and leisure parks.
The city of Nuremberg annually hosts the International Toy Fair. The Coburger Land region is a “toy duchy” where you can visit the unique Puppet Museum. One of the most interesting points on the route is the city of Sonneberg - the former “world toy capital”. Here is the German Toy Museum, the Nautiland Aquarium and the raceway for the Raceway car models. Lauscha resort is famous for glass Christmas-tree decorations, small glass balls for children’s games, as well as works of glass art. In the town of Truzetal there is a mine-museum "Hyun", where the original railway is an interesting attraction.
Thus, this route is dedicated to one topic, it provides tourists with the opportunity to plunge into childhood, purchase souvenirs and get acquainted with small cities in Germany and their attractions.
The advantage of such combined tours is that individually each city is not of great interest to tourists, and is not particularly popular; but, thanks to the creation of thematic routes such as “Castle Road”, “Wine Road”, etc., which cover several small cities at once, the demand for such routes increases, the flow of tourists increases, which brings additional income to these cities. They do not go unnoticed, but gain new tourists every year.
1.2 Tourist routes in Poland
Festivals in small towns in Poland
The attractiveness of the city can also be shaped and promoted through the organization of certain events and events. A successfully organized event that has gone beyond the scope of the city can create a strong brand of the city. There should be a certain tradition of organizing mass events - holidays, festivals, conferences, exhibitions with international resonance, which annually remind of the uniqueness of this city and serve to maintain, strengthen and develop its niche in the international market.
Organ festivals enjoy great success in Poland. Many churches have ancient and beautifully sounding organs. Concerts at the summer International Organ Festival in the Cathedral in Gdansk have been most popular for the past 30 years. The festival’s repertoire includes both classical works and works by contemporary authors.
Traditional events such as song festivals and film festivals are mandatory every year from June to September and attract many tourists.
The cultural card of Wroclaw became music festivals of international importance. The most famous is the "Wratislawia Cantans." The international festival in 2002 grew into a series of concerts, ballet performances, film screenings and exhibitions, which take place throughout the year. They can listen to Gregorian choirs, classical music and the avant-garde, all performed by famous orchestras, choirs, ensembles and soloists.
Also held in Wroclaw: Festival "Jazz on the Odra", Days of Music of the Old Masters, Actor's Song Festival, International Jazz Memorial Days of the deceased, Wroclaw Meetings of Theaters of One Actor and Small Theater Forms, International Festival of Dialogue Wroclaw.
About a dozen trade fairs and exhibitions are held annually in Poznan, the largest of which is the International Technical Fair in June and the Consumer Goods Fair in October. The city of Poznan is also known for its festival of contemporary music, which takes place in March.
Torun hosts folklore festivals in May and classical music festivals in September.
Knight Tournaments
Tourist routes in Poland are defined in such a way that, in addition to communicating with nature, you can see historical and cultural monuments: medieval castles, baroque palaces, magnate residences, temples, sacred objects - evidence of the development of different religions and traditions, open-air museums, and also mysterious structures created before our era.
In the north of the country castles are preserved, which in the XIII and XIV centuries. built by the crusaders. The most famous fortress is in Malbork. Huge, massive towers still inspire respect. Inside, you can see the restored interior with preserved original fragments and museum exhibits. Castles in Bytom, Wrath or Golub-Dobzhin in the summer serve as the organization of knightly tournaments, where brotherhoods of knights come from all over Europe. Together with them you can go back to the Middle Ages: to become a spectator of fights with spears or axes, competitions in archery and crossbow shooting, storming the fortress wall with the help of lifting machines of a medieval construction, and in the evenings to sit with knights around the fire, take part in feasts and watch courtiers dancing.
In the south of Poland there is a unique Eagle's Nest Path - one of the most picturesque tourist routes in Poland. It is the ruins of several dozen defensive castles of the XIV and XV centuries, located on lime hills and rocks. Traces of the most massive castles are found in Bobolice, Miruw, Olsztyn, Tęczyn and the Ogrodeniec area, where the castle ruins are considered the most picturesque in Poland. The territory through which the Eagle's Nest Path passes is the Krakow-Czestochowa ridge jurassic, a favorite climbers area. It is also ideal for those interested in cycling and horse riding.
Thus, this is the clearest example of a neighboring country with the same potential as in Belarus, which made the Castle Road route unusual, colorful, accompanied by animation programs and spectacular paintings. The need for the brightness of the plot of the event, the predominance of visual and multimedia channels, its design in the "picture" (animated) can attract tourists from all over the world.
Tourism development in small towns of Belarus is an important source of improving the welfare of the country. It can be considered as a system that provides all the opportunities for acquaintance with the history, culture, customs, spiritual and religious values \u200b\u200bof small towns of Belarus and its people, and gives income to the state, workplaces for physical and legal entities. Small towns of Belarus have a number of prospects in this area. At this stage, programs are being developed to attract foreign tourists. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to establish contact with the border states, one of which is Poland.
The cross-border tourist exchange of Belarus and Poland is a topical issue at this stage of the development of international tourism in the world economy, as Poland occupies a leading position among countries that send tourists to the Republic of Belarus and receive Belarusian tourists.
The western region of Belarus, including the Brest and the main part of the Grodno region, is the most promising for attracting Polish tourists. A characteristic feature of the district is a high concentration of cultural and historical resources in small towns. The main excursion centers of the Western region are Novogrudok, Mir, Slonim, Zhirovichi, Krevo, Golshany.
Basically, the older generation of Poles, those people who once lived in Belarus, went on excursions to Belarus. They visit churches, Catholic cemeteries, former estates of the Polish gentry, ruins of castles, as well as memorial sites associated with their compatriots.
It would be advisable to create a route “The Golden Ring of Western Belarus”, aimed at the Poles, which would include small towns and villages associated with the common history of these states.
So, for example, it will be interesting for the Poles to take a sightseeing tour of the first capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - Novogrudok with a visit to the house-museum of Adam Mickiewicz. Inspection of the preserved towers of the Novogrudok castle of the XII century. Farny Church of the XV century - here once the marriage of the King of Poland Jagiello with Princess Sophia Golshanska took place, here the future poet Adam Mickiewicz, Nicholas Church (1780), St. Michael's Church (1624), Immortality Barrow, poured in honor of the poet, were baptized here. During the tour, tourists visit the estate-museum in Zaosye (Baranavichy district) - the alleged birthplace of the poet. Inspect the Tuganovichi park, where the young Mickiewicz met with Maryly Vereshchako; The Filaret stone, from which the young "filarets" gathered - Adam Mickiewicz, Tomas Zan, Jan Chechot.
Polish tourists can visit places that have become sources of inspiration for poets such as Eliza Orzeszko and Adam Mickiewicz (Grodno - Ponemun village - Milkovschina village - Kamenka village - Schuchin - Ostrino village - Zheludok village - Lake Svityaz - v. Raitsa - v. Voroncha - v. Malyushchichi - the village of Korelichi - v. Schorsa - c. Mir - the city of Berezovka - the city of Lida - the city of Grodno).
On the way, you can call in the village of Milkovshchina, which is located 10 km from the city of Skidel, where the estate of the writer Eliza Orzeszko is located. Until now, a maple alley, a well, an old barn with a basement have been preserved on the site of the former estate. It is planned to restore one of the surviving buildings where the museum will be located.
Then you can visit the village of Sekhnovichi - the family estate of the Tadeusz Kosciuszko family (now the Zhabinka district), where a linden alley, according to legend, planted by Tadeusz himself was preserved. Then the path lies in Kossovo through Kobrin and Ivatsevichi. Near Kossovo, tourists visit the house-museum of the Merachovschina folklore, which is being restored at the site of the manor house of Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
Thus, Poland, due to its geographical and spiritual proximity, as well as close economic, ethnic, cultural ties and similar standards of tourist consumption, is a natural source of tourists to Belarus. It is relevant to create such a route as the “Golden Ring of Western Belarus”, which will cover small cities with a high concentration of historical and cultural monuments. A visit by Polish tourists to the border areas will become a significant reserve for increasing tourist flow to the Brest and Grodno regions of Belarus.
The common history of Belarus and Lithuania stimulates a significant interest of Lithuanian tourists in the cultural and historical heritage of Belarus. Therefore, it is advisable to create a route to places related to the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, through which Lithuanians can pass. From Vilnius you can head to Lida, where Lithuanian tourists can watch Lida Castle and the animated show Wedding of King Jagiello and Sofia Golshanska. From Lida you should go to Novogrudok, the symbol of which is the castle - the center of the ancient Novogrudok and the residence of the first unit and, later, the Grand Dukes of Lithuania. In these places you can hear the famous legends about the coronation of Mindovg. Then visit the castles in the World and Nesvizh, two of the four attractions of Belarus included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The next stopping point may be Minsk, and on the way back it will be interesting to visit the Krevo Castle in Krevo, where the Krevka Union was adopted in 1385, and the stories of local tour guides about the flight of Prince Vitovt from the Krevo dungeons. And then call in the town of Gervyaty, where in 1536 the Vilnius biskup Jan founded a wooden church of the Holy Trinity.
There are many interesting places related to life for Belarusian tourists in Vilnius famous Belarusians. Schools, cultural centers where the most famous people of Belarus were - Yanka Kupala, the Lutskevich brothers, Vaclav Lastovsky. School trips can be arranged. The Belarusian trace of history in Lithuania can be found in any Lithuanian city.
Thus, the more such integrated routes are created in small towns of Belarus, the more opportunities these cities become famous for attracting the attention of foreign tourists and gaining their niche in the international market. It is necessary to use European methods for promoting small towns.
In small towns today, a paradoxical situation has arisen when a variety of information seems to be enough, but it is not structured, not coordinated, unreliable, and, most importantly, it is not available. Therefore, to create the image and popularity of small towns in Belarus it is necessary:
Create an Internet-based open information network with a simplified search for information (for example, visiting card cities);
To distinguish the city from a number of others according to certain attractive characteristics (including the main areas of investment policy of the authorities);
To develop the corporate identity of the city and on its basis to prepare full set advertising materials for distribution both inside and outside the city;
Define a list of souvenirs. Place trade stalls in places of mass tourist visits;
Participate in regional publications (newspapers, magazines), as well as in radio and television programs that would inform about investment opportunities;
Organize a city presentation (as an option: a number of the most interesting investment projects) on regional television in neighboring regions.
Constantly stir up interest in the city, using informational occasions, communicating with the most influential people in the region, region, and Russia.
· There are over 30 news agencies and business centers that provide various information services, mainly in the field of marketing, law, economics and audit.
Effective functioning of tourist centers is impossible without developed infrastructure. The capacity of these facilities, especially attractive for private investment, depends on the growth of tourist flows and increases in stages. An important urban development task is the rational location of tourist infrastructure facilities. The first condition should be their convenient accessibility - both among themselves and in relation to the main tourist and excursion routes. Optimal for small historical cities of Belarus can be considered a 10-15-minute pedestrian access - 500-750 meters.
Particular requirements are imposed on the design of open spaces for mass festivals with a large number of spectators and participants - concerts, knightly tournaments, etc. Such events bring together up to 10 thousand people, and in the future their number may increase significantly. Fields of mass action should preferably be placed on the background of “natural scenery” - the castle, the silhouette of the historic city. At the same time, it is important to ensure good viewing conditions, to prevent excessive crowding.
The increase in tourist flows may necessitate the use of intra-quarter territories for the development of infrastructure. So, in the courtyard spaces in contact with the tourist routes, it is possible to arrange summer cafes, landscaped recreational areas for tourists, the organization of through pedestrian walkways to neighboring streets, the creation of parking lots, etc.
With the development of tourism, the inevitable emergence of contradictions between the interests and needs of tourists and local residents. Therefore, it is important to differentiate between the functions of servicing tourists and the local population, creating a full-fledged living environment for citizens who have to live within the boundaries of cultural and tourist zones. This can be achieved by organizing closed (semi-closed) residential courtyards, isolated from the main tourist routes and not having free access from the streets (the entrances to the residential courtyards are from residential buildings, through lockable gates, gates, etc.).
Modern use of historical buildings. Most of The historical development of small towns in Belarus needs reconstruction and modernization with the mandatory preservation of the features of compositional and spatial solutions. Architectural and compositional features of the development of historical cities are also manifested in the characteristic methods of laying walls, socles of buildings, frames of door and window openings, colors, and they should not disappear.
The development of tourism makes us take a different look at the reconstruction of the unique, now lost architectural structures. For example, Oginsky’s palace, restored in all its splendor, with a theater in Slonim or the Alba park in Nesvizh with canals and the summer residence of the Radziwills can become new centers of attraction for tourists and increase the attractiveness of these cities.
Organization of landscape and recreational territories. Historical or modern parks, other natural landscapes with favorable conditions - natural and artificial ponds, forests, landscaped spaces can be used as tourist vacation spots.
Organization of transport and pedestrian connections. The increase in human and traffic flows with the development of tourism in small historical cities will inevitably require the development of a street-road network and improved transport links. And this means - the organization of convenient entrances designed for the passage of large-size tourist buses to the main objects of the tourist show, hotels, the shortest connection between them and the railway and bus stations; the creation of transport bypasses of the concentration zones of historical and cultural values \u200b\u200band tourist services; placement of car parks of the required capacity near the places of mass visits.
When organizing pedestrian paths, it is important not only to ensure communication over the shortest distances (rational use of tourists' time), but also to create attractive walking routes with spectacular views of architectural monuments and natural landscapes.
In many historical cities, it is advisable to create pedestrian promenades from which historical buildings are clearly visible. Such embankments can be created along the Oginsky Canal in Slonim, along the ponds in Nesvizh, along the ponds and river. Miranka in g. World. This requires clearing the territories from low-value buildings that are disharmonious with the surrounding landscape.
3.1 Reasons for the formation and promotion of a city brand
For tourists
· The uniqueness of climatic and geographical conditions
· Production of unique products using traditional technology
· History and famous historical figures
· Cultural attractions (museums, theaters, etc.)
· Events and activities (festivals, holidays, exhibitions, conferences and others)
· Sporting events
· Buildings, monuments and sculptures
For investors and entrepreneurs
Attractive conditions for doing business (land and real estate value, taxation conditions, local government policy towards new enterprises, consumer characteristics, market conditions, infrastructure development level, etc.)
Slogans, themes and positioning
A high-quality slogan forms a platform to enhance the image of the city. An option for using a comprehensive slogan is to formulate a topic that will become the basis of special marketing programs focused on specific target groups.
Events & Activities
The image of the city can also be formed and promoted through the organization of certain events, events and the construction of informational events on this basis. A successfully organized event that has gone beyond the city, provided with the appropriate PR communication methods, can create a strong brand of the city. The need for directing events is largely determined by the mediatization of modern society, the format of the work of mass information dissemination channels. Powerful informational noise sets the requirement for the brightness of the plot of the event, the predominance of visual and multimedia channels - the requirement for its design into a “picture” (animated). As a result, the form of the event may turn out to be more significant than its content. The construction of informational events is connected with the presence of a certain tradition of organizing mass events - holidays, festivals, conferences, exhibitions and others that have international resonance, which place the city every year almost in the same period in the information field, they update its significance and value for the world community, remind of its uniqueness, and therefore serve to maintain, strengthen and develop its image. Traditional events such as Glastonbury festivals in the UK and Roskilde in Denmark are held every year without fail and attract many tourists. Munich is world famous for its beer festival - Oktoberfest, and such a small and almost unknown town of Clermont - Ferrand in France is famous all over the world for the annual short film festival.
One of the most popular topics is the organization of celebrations in the city in honor of a famous person associated with this city. For example, in Salzburg, an annual music festival is held, associated with the name of Mozart.
When, for example, the Leipzig authorities set themselves the task of turning it into a tourist center, they actually organized a summer festival from scratch on the key historical figure of the city - Johann Sebastian Bach, which is still a key element of the city’s brand.
Besides famous people The theme of the festivities can be classical music (Flemish International Festival), theater and dance (Lille Festival), cinema (Nice, Cannes, Venice, Clermont - Ferrand - short film festival). Numerous small towns and villages in France, Germany, Italy, Portugal hold their own wine festivals.
Thus, the face of the city can be determined by traditional events: holidays, festivals, and other events that make the city unique and attract tourists looking for uniqueness places of tourists.
Formation of associations with famous historical characters
The presence of a connection between a famous figure and a certain city is a powerful means of forming a positive association. Similar examples are small town Arles and the village of Giverny in France, associated with the names of the artists Van Gogh and Claude Monet, respectively; the presence of such associations is the only source of attractiveness of these places for tourists, which allows them to continue their existence. Tourists from all over the world come to these cities to understand what determined the inspiration of artists, to see the natures for their works, to feel the atmosphere in which the craftsmen lived and worked.
Thus, a city brand is what a city is associated with ordinary person. In the absence of any idea of \u200b\u200bthe city for a person, the latter will never choose it as a place to relax. In order to attract tourists and investors, specialists in the field of PR and brand management are developing a policy of directed influence on address groups to form a certain opinions (representation having an emotional design) about a particular territory.
In recent years, the tourism business began its rapid development in all countries of the world. Getting acquainted with the experience of various foreign countries, you can see that the success of the tourism business development largely depends on how this industry is perceived at the state level, and how state institutions support this industry. In order to receive income from the tourism business, any civilized state must invest heavily in exploring its territories in order to assess the tourism potential. State programs should promote the development of the tourism business, the development of tourist centers, the creation and development of the necessary infrastructure, as well as advertising and information support.
Practice shows that the private sector will never be able to make large investments for the development of resort tourism enterprises, as well as the basic elements of tourism infrastructure; it cannot afford to perform the functions of the National Tourism Administration. In countries with developed tourism business there are organizations that are usually subordinate to ministries that are involved in the development of national tourism development programs. Such organizations have different names, for example, in the UK it is BTA (British Nourist Authority), in Italy - ENIT, in Ireland - Irish Board, in Spain - Turespana, in Norway - NOTRA. Such organizations have their own representative offices for tourism in other countries. These organizations are developing programs that will attract tourist flows and provide tourist information.
The specifics of the tourism business is associated with a wide range of relationships. People who participate in the processes of organizing travel and leisure enter this relationship. The existing relationship is so diverse that it creates a certain complexity of legal regulation.
In any individual state, the relationship between the parties "travel agency - state", "tourist - state", "tourist - travel agency" are regulated by the relevant legislation. Such legislation should fully cover every element of the relationship of these parties.
Today there are several approaches to the organizational process of state regulation of tourism. So in many countries with developed market economies state regulation is completely absent, and market entities themselves carry out operational regulation. In those countries where there is state regulation of the market for tourism services, two models are applied - there are special government bodies, or multidisciplinary bodies carry out the regulation.
Now let's look at how state institutions operate on the example of several countries.
1. In Of Austria the tourism industry is overseen by the Ministry of Economy. The tourism opportunities of the state are advertised by the Austrian National Tourism Office, which has offices in 26 countries.
2. In Great Britain The tourism industry is led by the Department of Culture, Spectacles and Sports, which directly reports to the authority responsible for tourism, the British Nourist Authority (BTA). This organization is involved in attracting flows of foreign tourists to the UK, as well as developing domestic tourism. In addition, this organization consults with the government and other government agencies involved in tourism. To this end, on the initiative of the administration, advertising campaigns are conducted outside the country through a network of their offices and representatives. Also for these purposes the press, radio, television are used. The administration organizes international conferences, provides consulting and marketing services on international tourism and publishes various information and reference materials. In its legal form, BTA is also a private entrepreneurial institution, which along with traditional activities in foreign markets also provides a number of paid marketing and consulting services, organizes seminars and exhibitions, implements a number of projects with foreign capital, publishes and implements guides, videos and other promotional products. BTA is headed by a board of directors, which consists of five members and the president. The staff of this organization has about 300 employees, of which approximately a third work directly in London, and the rest work in 26 representative offices abroad. About 68% of the necessary funds BTA receives from the state budget.
3. In Germany The tourism business is organized by the National Tourism Committee of the Ministry of Economics, which is responsible for promoting the tourism product in Germany and increasing tourist flows to the country. Representatives of this committee work in 27 countries of the world.
4. In Israel The Ministry of Tourism works. In 2007, the budget of this organization was 150 million US dollars. These funds were used to finance various events related to presentation, information, exhibition activities in all countries of the world. Also, part of these funds was used to conduct various conferences, organize consulting services, and publish advertising materials and booklets.
5. In Indonesia There is a special department for tourism, which has broad powers in the protection of the rights of tourists. So, the tourist police operate in the country, which oversees and controls all tourism enterprises. In addition, she takes a direct part in resolving conflict situations, the participants of which are foreign tourists.
6. In Italy in 1983 a law was passed to improve and develop the tourism and hotel industry. The law defines the main bodies of tourism management at the regional level and the procedure for their functioning. A clear definition of the tourist enterprise and the conditions for its registration are given. The law also defines the classification of the hotel industry, sets out a number of conditions, according to which travel agencies, transport and public associations are allowed to engage in tourism business. In addition, the law regulates the activities of professionals in the tourism sector, defines measures to support the tourism business from the state. The Department of Tourism is part of the Ministry of Production. The department coordinates the activities of regional tourist administrations, develops normative and sectoral documents of a national nature, examines and processes statistical data. In international activities, the department is engaged in the creation of intergovernmental agreements and relations with other international tourism organizations. The powers of local administrations are widespread. They are responsible for all issues of licensing tourism activities on their territory, classify hotels, have the right to advertise and promote their tourism products both domestically and abroad. But, nevertheless, the main role in representing Italy in the international tourism market is given to the National Tourism Board (ENIT). The main function of this organization is to organize advertising and information work, conduct market research, coordinate the activities of foreign and local tourism organizations. ENIT is subordinate to the Department of Tourism, and its activities are fully funded from the state budget.
7. In Of Spain all tourism activities at the national level are defined by the Law "On Competence in the Field of Tourism" and the Decree "On the Activity of Private Tourism Enterprises" of January 14, 1965. In addition to the national law, each of the seventeen autonomies has its own legislation on tourism activities, the main provisions of which are consistent with the above law. Articles on tourism regulate the relationship between the seller of tourist products and tourists, as well as a number of conditions under which legal entities and individuals are allowed to engage in the tourism business, the procedure for providing tourists with their services, as well as state control measures and the procedure for applying sanctions against violators. In April 1996, the Spanish Parliament approved the Combined Travel Act. This law clearly defined the rights and obligations of both the tourism organization and the consumer of tourism services. Combined travel means a trip that includes a tour product containing at least two of the three main elements - accommodation for the night, transport and any other tourist services. This law gives a clear distribution of responsibilities within the tourism industry and provides an explanation of the various aspects of the tourism product and combined travel. All issues of tourism activities in Spain are handled by the State Secretariat for Trade, Tourism and Small Business, which is directly subordinate to the Ministry of Economy. In addition to the State Secretariat, the following organizations are also subordinate to the Ministry of Economy: - The Central Directorate for Tourism, which deals with administrative issues and the development of general directions of state policy in the field of tourism business. - The hotel chain Paradores, which includes 83 hotels of historical value. - Two exhibition and congress centers located in Madrid and Malaga, as well as the Spanish Tourism Institute Turespaca. The powers of the Ministry of Economy are rather limited. Important issues such as certification of services, licensing, development of a strategy for the tourism industry, belong to local authorities. In order to coordinate the activities of these organizations in Spain, the Tourism Development Council has been created, which includes representatives of state authorities at all levels, as well as representatives of private business. In most cases, Council decisions are only advisory in nature. Spanish Institute of Tourism "Turespaca" is engaged in attracting foreign tourists. The Institute also promotes Spanish resorts and advertising activities abroad. The activities of the Institute are fully funded from the state budget.
8. In France The Law on Tourism defines the conditions that make it possible to engage in the sale of tours. Also, a circle of legal entities and individuals that are subject to this law has been established, a list of services that are considered to be tourist services is provided. In addition, a number of conditions have been formulated that make it possible to carry out tourism activities for travel agencies, various public organizations, local tourism authorities and individuals. Here we are talking about the possibility of obtaining official permission to engage in tourist activities in the form as defined by the Law. In a special section of this Law, all relations between the consumer and the producer of tourist services are recorded. It also provides the basic rights and obligations of the seller of services and the buyer, which must be contained in the contract. The law regulates the measures of responsibility of the seller of a tourist product for the quality of the services it provides. In addition, the Law provides for liability for violation of the Law and sanctions against violators and a mechanism for the control by state organizations of the conduct of activities by legal entities and individuals that fall under the scope of this Law. The regulation of tourism is dealt with by the Ministry of Transport and Public Works. Its structure includes the State Secretariat for Tourism and the Department of Tourism. These bodies are involved in the management and regulation of the tourism industry, investment and international relations in the tourism business. In addition, there are still a number of bodies that take part in the management of tourism activities with the right of deliberative vote: - Council on Tourism under the Ministry of Transport and Public Works. - The National Committee for the Prosperity of France, which deals with environmental issues and urban greening. - National Vacation Travel Agency. - The French Agency for Tourism Engineering and the National Tourism Supervisory Board, which is responsible for marketing research and statistics in the tourism business. Also at the regional level there are representatives of the central executive branch, whose responsibilities include resolving the development of the tourism sector and who report directly to the prefects. The activities of these representatives are mainly aimed at coordinating local initiatives in the tourism sector. The association “Maison de la France”, which was founded in 1987 as a result of a partnership agreement between the administrations of excursion display facilities, travel agencies and local administrations, is promoting the image of France as a tourist center on the international market. The activities of this organization are partially financed from the state budget, whose share is 60%.
9. In Of Finland tourism activities are regulated by the Laws “On entities entitled to sell tours” and “On tours and tourism activities”. The adoption of this law was caused by the entry of Finland into the EU and the need to bring Finnish laws in line with EU requirements. These laws regulated the relationship between the client and the travel company regarding the sale of the tour, as well as the procedure for resolving disputed issues. In March 1995, the Finnish Government Decree “On Tourism Activities” was adopted. This decision provides the basic information that is required when registering for a tourist activity. In addition to the usual questions, it was necessary to indicate whether this company is an intermediary of a foreign travel company.
10. In United states of america The first US National Tourism Act was passed in 1961. This law provided for the creation of the Travel and Tourism Administration (APT), which was part of the US Department of Commerce. A little later, in 1981, the Law on National Tourism Policy was adopted. In May 1992, the Law on Tourism Policy and Export Development was adopted, which set the following tasks for the APT: coordination of state policy in the field of tourism in the interests of the United States, statistics on tourism, research on the tourism market, and support for states and counties , cities and rural areas, the management of tourism development program. In addition to the national authority for regulating tourism at the federal level, each of the US states has a corresponding service that is responsible for the development of the tourism business. In most cases, this is the Agency for Trade, Commerce and Tourism, which deals with the tasks of the systematic growth and comprehensive development of the tourism business. It also organizes advertising and informational programs for the promotion of tourism and carries out research campaigns to analyze the status and development prospects of the tourism industry. In 1996, the US Congress passed another law that contributed to the development of the tourism business. Starting in 1997, a new Federal Tourism Organization, the National Tourism Organization (NOT), began to function. This Act states that if in the near future NOTs do not increase the United States' share in the global tourism market and increase the flow of foreign tourists, then it will be dissolved.
11. In Switzerland All tourism issues are dealt with by the Central Tourism Office (CVT), which is the largest national advertising agency.
In June 1990, the EU adopted the EU Directive, which regulated all issues regarding the content of tourism services and the tourism product as a whole. In order to protect the rights of consumers, this directive brings the texts of contracts between a travel company and a tourist to a single content, as well as stipulates all conditions, mutual rights, obligations and guarantees.