Presentation on "Inland waters of Russia. Rivers." 8th grade

1. Inland waters.

2. The rivers of Russia.

3. The basic concepts.

4. The dependence of rivers on topography and climate.

5. The fall and slope of the river.

6. Food rivers.

7. The regime of rivers.

8. Natural phenomena on the rivers.

9. The rivers of our region

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Inland waters. The rivers of Russia.

Lesson plan. 1. Inland waters. 2. The rivers of Russia. 3. The basic concepts. 4. The dependence of rivers on topography and climate. 5. The fall and slope of the river. 6. Food rivers. 7. The regime of rivers. 8. Natural phenomena on the rivers. 9. The rivers of our region. 10. Repetition.

1. Using fig. 34 § 12, name the components of inland waters. Inland waters. rivers lakes swamps underground waters artificial ponds glaciers

The rivers of Russia. Arctic Ocean Pacific Ocean Inland drain Atlantic Ocean Ob Amur Volga Don 21-2.3 + atlas p.28-29 2. Using the atlas map, distribute the rivers among the ocean basins.

3. Recall the basic concepts: Source; Mouth; River basin. Channel; Floodplain; Terraces. 21-5

Mountain rivers - stormy, fast 4. How does the relief affect the nature of the flow of rivers?

Plain rivers - slow, calm

5. The fall and slope of the river. H¹ is the height of the source; H² is the height of the mouth; H¹ - H² \u003d N (m) - drop. Y - bias; Y \u003d N / L, where L is the length of the river (km). Example: Determine the fall and slope of the Lena River (the height of the source is 930 m, the mouth is 0 m). H \u003d 930 - 0 \u003d 930 m; Y \u003d 930 m / 4400 km \u003d 2.1 cm / km Conclusion: the plain river

6. River Nutrition: Remember what river nutrition is? mixed snow rain snow glacial mixed What kind of food prevails in the rivers of our country? mixed 17, 18

River mode - river behavior during the year. Why do I need to know the river regime? 11-16

Rivers with spring flood

9. What is a low water? - The lowest water level in the river.

8. What is flood? - The annual increase in water level in the river as a result of melting snow.

10. What is a flood? Short-term increase in water level in the river as a result of heavy rains.

11. What is annual stock? This is the amount of water flowing in the river channel for a year.

flood 12. what natural disasters can be connected with rivers?

The rivers of our region. Terek

Geography lesson in 8th grade

LAKES. SWAMP.

GLACIERS. THE GROUNDWATER.

PERENNIAL FROZEN.

Water is a wonderful gift of nature. It is around us, in raindrops, in snowdrifts of snow, in rivers, lakes.

Water, you have neither taste nor smell, it is impossible to describe you, they are enjoying you, not knowing what you are. This is not to say that you are necessary for life. You are life itself.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

1. Permanent water streamcurrent in the depression he developed

2. The beginning of the river

3. The place where the river flows into the sea, lake, other river

4. The main river with all its tributaries

5. The excess of the source over the mouth in meters

Work with the terms on the topic "Rivers"

6. The amount of water passing through the river channel for a certain period of time

7. The lowest water level in the river

8. Sudden, short-term rise in the water level in the river

9. Water flooding of vast areas of land as a result of rising water levels in the river

10. The expected regular rise in the water level in the river as a result of melting snow and ice in spring or summer

INLAND WATERS

SWAMP

RIVERS

LAKES

GLACIERS

PERENNIAL FROZEN

THE GROUNDWATER

Material Study Plan

• Blue eyes of Russia - lake.
• Swamps are a storehouse of wealth.
• Cover and mountain glaciers - strategic reserve fresh water our country.
• Groundwater is the country's most important natural resource.
• Permafrost.

LAKE

• Excessively moistened areas of land with special vegetation, wildlife and a layer of peat.
• A constant flow of water flowing in a depression developed by him.
• A natural depression filled with water and not connected to the sea.
• Perennial masses natural icearising from the accumulation and conversion of snow.
• Waters hidden from the eyes, coming to the surface with keys, springs.

10 largest lakes in the world

№

p / p

Lake name

Location

Caspian Sea

Area

Victoria

North America

(thousand km 2 )

North America

Aral Sea

North America

Tanganyika

Big Bear

North America

Caspian Sea Lake - the largest in area in the world

Lake Baikal - the most deep lake of the world

Classification of lakes by origin

thermokarst

tectonic

dam

glacial

residual

volcanic

artificial

estuaries

Tectonic lakes

• Tectonic lakes form in faults the earth's crust.
• Such lakes are oblong: narrow and long.
• Bright representative is - Baikal.

Glacial lakes

• Glacial lakes formed in the troughs of the earth's surface, which are deepened under the weight of an ancient glacier.
• Located in the northwest of the Russian Plain (Ladoga, Onega, Seliger)

Volcanic lakes

• Volcanic lakes form in the craters of volcanoes
• In Russia, they are located mainly on the Kuril Islands and on the Kamchatka Peninsula (Kronotskoye, Kurilskoye)

Thermokarst Lakes

• Located in permafrost territory.
• In the summer, the permafrost thaws, the soil sags, and shallow basins are formed, filled with melt water.
• There are many such lakes in Yakutia, the most famous being Nejeli.

Dam (dam) lakes

• Dam lakes are formed as a result of a landslide or landslide when the riverbed is blocked by rock fragments
• Such lakes are formed in mountainous regions (Sarez Lake in the Caucasus, Lake Teletsk in Altai).

Residual Lakes

• Residual lakes formed from the remains of ancient oceans and seas (Caspian Sea-Lake)

Old woman

Staritsa - these are sections of the former riverbed, which changed direction in this section.

Estuaries

Estuaries were formed by cutting off part of the seas (the shores of the Azov and Black Seas)

Artificial lakes (reservoirs)

Artificial lakes or reservoirs are created by dams across the river valley (on large rivers: Volga, Kame, Yenisei) - Rybinskoe, Kamskoye, Krasnoyarsk

Classification of Lakes on arrival and consumption of water

Flowing Continuous Deaf

(sewage)

Classification of Lakes by salinity of water

Fresh

Salted

Less than 1% salt

Mineral

1- 47% salts

Caspian

Over 47% of salts.

Elton, Baskunchak, Vat

Salt lakes Baskunchak and Elton

Placement of lakes on the territory countries are uneven.

Depends on:

• - geological structure and terrain;
• - climatic conditions;
• - Features of the occurrence of groundwater.

The value of lakes

• They have an impact on the microclimate of the coast.
• Contribute to raising the level of groundwater.
• In salt lakes there is an accumulation of salts.
• They have an effect on the relief of the coast.
• They are transport routes.
• They are a recreation area.

Types of inland waters Rivers Rivers Rivers Lakes Lakes Lakes Marshes Swamps Marshes Glaciers Glaciers Glaciers Groundwaters Groundwaters Groundwaters Groundwaters Permafrost Permafrost Permafrost Permafrost Water resources Water resources Water resources Water resources

The slope and fall of the river The fall of the river is the excess of the source over the mouth. Expressed in meters. The fall of the river is the excess of the source over the mouth. Expressed in meters. River slope is the ratio of the fall of the river to its length. Expressed in cm / km. River slope is the ratio of the fall of the river to its length. Expressed in cm / km.

Lakes Lakes are closed basins filled with water. Lakes are closed basins filled with water. Lakes are fresh and salty, Lakes are fresh and salty, sewage and drainless. sewage and drainless. Lakes are distinguished by origin: Lakes are distinguished by origin: tectonic glacial tectonic moraine volcanic thermokarst reservoirs

Thermokarst lakes Are located in the territory having permafrost. Located in permafrost territory. In the summer, the permafrost thaws, the soil sags, and shallow basins are formed, filled with melt water. In the summer, the permafrost thaws, the soil sags, and shallow basins are formed, filled with melt water. There are many such lakes in Yakutia, the most famous being Nejeli. There are many such lakes in Yakutia, the most famous being Nejeli.

Glacial-tectonic lake Tectonic lakes that are deepened under the weight of an ancient glacier. Tectonic lakes that are deepened under the weight of an ancient glacier. Located in the northwest of the Russian Plain. Located in the northwest of the Russian Plain.

Tectonic Lake Tectonic lakes are formed in the faults of the earth's crust. Tectonic lakes are formed in the faults of the earth's crust. Such lakes are oblong: narrow and long. Such lakes are oblong: narrow and long. A striking representative is Baikal. A striking representative is Baikal.

Volcanic lakes Volcanic lakes are formed in the craters of volcanoes (boil away during the eruption of the lake). Volcanic lakes are formed in the craters of volcanoes (when the lake erupts, they boil away). In Russia, they are located mainly on the Kuril Islands and on the Kamchatka Peninsula. In Russia, they are located mainly on the Kuril Islands and on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

Permafrost Permafrost is underground glaciation, the upper layer of the earth's crust, having all year round subzero temperatures and ice for hundreds of years remaining in soils. this is underground glaciation, the upper layer of the earth's crust, which has negative temperatures all year round and has been preserved in the soil for hundreds of years in ice.

Water resources Water resources are the surface and ground waters that are used in households, industry and agriculture. Water resources Drinks and household products Waterways Energy of rivers, tides Industrial and agriculture

Water Resources Assessment A water cadastre is a systematic collection of information about a country's water resources. Water cadastre - a systematic collection of information about the country's water resources. It summarizes the materials of hydrological observations and studies, collects data for scientific and economic organizations. It summarizes the materials of hydrological observations and studies, collects data for scientific and economic organizations.

Human influence on water resources. Water use Water use Water use 1. Fisheries 1. Fisheries 2. Hydropower (HPS) 2. Hydropower (HPS) 3. Bathing in the river 3. Bathing in the river 4. Fishing on the shore with a fishing rod 4. Fishing on the shore with a fishing rod Water users pollute water, worsen its quality. Water consumption. Water consumption. 1. Industry 1. Industry 2. Agriculture 2. Agriculture 3. Communal services (water in the apartment, watering the streets). 3. Utilities (water in the apartment, watering the streets) As a result of consumption, the quantity decreases and the quality of the water deteriorates.

Used sites and literature I.I. Barinova Recommendations for lesson planning. M .: Bustard. I.I. Barinova Recommendations for lesson planning. M .: Bustard. A modern lesson in geography.- M.: School press, 2002. A modern lesson in geography.- M.: School press, 2002 E.A. Zhizhina. Job development in geography. M .: E.A. Zhizhina. Job development in geography. M .: I.I. Barinova., V. Yarom Geography of Russia. Toolkit. M .: Bustard, I.I. Barinov., V. Yarom Geography of Russia. Toolkit. M .: Bustard, 1998.

Perennial

permafrost

What large rivers flow through mainland North America?

The largest river system ....

MISSISSIPPI

(from the Indian “Misi sepe” - a great river)

with the influx of MISSOURI

(by the name of an Indian tribe living on its shores).

The river has a large pool, collects water from the Rocky Mountains, the Appalachians, from the Central and Great Plains. Mississippi is full of water all year long, bottled in spring due to melting snow and summer rains. In the lower reaches it winds, forms many islands in the channel.

Assignment: Compare North American Rivers with Rivers

other continents, conclude.

Table " The largest rivers of the world. "

In which oceans do the rivers of North America carry their waters?

Which ocean basin is larger? What are the main sources of food for rivers?