Introduction
Numerous requests for help on the forum related to the maintenance of shrimp in the aquarium prompted me to write this material.
Even 10 years ago they were very rare and exotic inhabitants of aquariums. And now they have become fashionable, and the number of people who want to make shrimp is constantly growing. But if the rules for caring for fish and plants are more or less generally known, then crustaceans are usually only familiar with gastronomic.
There are tons of great shrimp articles written by great authors. This text is in no way a substitute for it. My main idea: to give a short introductory course to beginners in the field of shrimp content. Materials are selected taking into account the most common errors.
In order to facilitate perception, the material is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical.
Part 1. Theoretical
Meat or fish?
Once in the subway I heard a conversation of two women. They discussed whether it is possible to eat shrimp in fasting when it is allowed to eat fish. Their main question was: is shrimp meat or fish? I wanted to tell them that shrimp are decapod arthropods. But he changed his mind, because a similar answer would confuse them even more. Yes, and why deprive people of pleasure courageously overcome the difficulties that they create for themselves?
So, shrimp owners should know more about their pets than the average layman. Indeed, in an aquarium, these creatures are absolutely helpless. Their life depends entirely on the competence of the owner.
Take a look at the place of shrimp in the scientific classification:
Here keyword - arthropods. Therefore, immediately erase the stereotype of the kinship of fish and shrimp from your head. What they have in common is only their habitat. And by their biological properties they are "relatives" of cockroaches, spiders and bedbugs.
Who is harder to keep in an aquarium: fish or shrimp? It is impossible to answer unequivocally. But for a beginner who is not well acquainted with the "pitfalls" of aquaristics, the answer is much more clear: casual fish are more tenacious. Consequently, shrimp is harder to contain.
Who sold me this hamster?
An old bearded joke ... A man brings a bear to the bird market and asks the sellers: "Well, who sold this hamster to me a year ago?"
Among shrimp, there are also hamsters and bears. Therefore, you need to be able to distinguish them in order to avoid unpleasant surprises. For example, under the guise of a harmless booger, incompetent or unscrupulous sellers can sell the rosenberg macrobrachium, which grows up to 18 centimeters, freeing the aquarium from all fish, plants and its less fortunate relatives. In fact, Rosenbergs are beautiful and interesting beasts. But you need to start them consciously, providing the appropriate conditions.
However, usually people want to make peaceful shrimp. And this is understandable. But how to distinguish them from predators? It's quite simple: predatory shrimp have claws visible to the naked eye.
I will not review all the aquarium shrimp here. Moreover, new species and breeds are constantly appearing on sale. I would like to dwell on particularly popular ones. Without any statistics, I will venture to determine the top three myself:
- Neocaridina denticulata Red Cherry, Cherry shrimp or just cherry.
The undoubted advantages of this shrimp are: unpretentiousness, fertility, bright color, wide availability. The disadvantages include the small size. However, for miniature aquariums this is even good.
The approximate life span of cherry shrimp is 1 year. This is of course not enough. But offset by their fecundity. - Amano shrimp, Yamato Shrimp, Caridina japonica, Japanese pond shrimp or simply amanka.
Gained wide fame with a light hand Takashi Amano. Quite large, active, can eat filamentous algae. But it does not breed in an aquarium. But the life span is much longer than that of cherries. My seven Amanka have been living for 3.5 years. - Atyopsis Moluccensis, Banana Shrimp, filter shrimp.
These funny large shrimp can often be found in pet stores. But they are much more difficult to maintain than Amanka or cherries. In addition, they are not very active. And many mistakenly believe that the shrimp filter can somehow replace the filter. Unfortunately, it is the filtrators that most often die in inexperienced owners.
One filtering device I lived for 3 years, the other has already gone to the fourth.
Having mastered the simple rules of keeping these relatively unpretentious creatures, you can start the rest.
What you need to know ...
What are these rules? Let's examine them right now.
Water quality
When dealing with shrimp, never forget that water quality is the most important thing in their life. They are extremely sensitive to any changes.
In nature, if the shrimp sensed something was amiss, then they try to swim away as soon as possible from the black spot.
Unfortunately, they have nowhere to go from the aquarium. Poor guys rush along the walls in a panic, trying in vain to find a stream that will lead them to clean water. Large shrimp are trying to jump out. Those who succeed die on the floor. The rest is in the aquarium.
Such is the sad picture of poisoning with nitrogenous compounds in simple-minded hosts who do not spare food for pets. Or in case of a wrong start in the fish tank.
What to do in a similar situation? Change the water?
As they say, it’s too late to drink Borjomi if the liver has fallen off.
Substitutions are not very effective. Part of the poor fellow can be saved if immediately transplanted into clean water. But only owners of several aquariums can afford this. And in tap water, although clean, shrimp also have little chance.
In order not to bring to such a situation, you need to remember that shrimp are much more sensitive to the content of harmful substances in water than fish. We will return to the topic of controlling the concentration of nitrogen compounds. In the meantime, let's look at the table of numerical estimates, compiled by me on the basis of personal experience.
What other substances are harmful to shrimp?
Most branded aquarium products are safe. And for those who are dangerous, this is always indicated in the instructions.
But can our man do only branded drugs? There will always be "knowledgeable" people who will advise some miracle remedy. But no one has yet canceled his head on his shoulders. And for a conscious decision, I want to give a review, collected from the reviews of many shrimp owners.
| Salts of copper. | Often are active components of algaecides and certain drugs. In small quantities, copper is needed by both plants and animals. For example, copper plays the same role in shrimp blood as iron does in our blood. But the slightest overdose can be fatal. In branded fertilizers containing copper, the concentration is not dangerous. |
| Insecticides | Shrimp pesticides are also very dangerous, given the proximity of their physiology. Most often, insecticides enter the aquarium with new plants, as on farms often use poison against pests. Therefore, do not rush to plant plants from unreliable sources in the shrimp aquarium. Let them stand in a separate vessel for a couple of days. |
| Antibiotics | A single application does not usually kill shrimp. But it should be remembered that antibiotics adversely affect the immunity of animals. In addition, they destroy such an important and fragile balance of the aquarium. |
| Macronutrient fertilizers. | Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. If to bring in those quantities which are necessary to plants, then there is no danger. (Given that nitrogen is presented as nitrate.) And it is also important to keep the proportion between potassium and sodium. Plants do not need sodium, although usually it is much more in water. But if suddenly there is a significant preponderance of potassium, this can lead to disruptions nervous system animals. |
| Trace minerals. | Iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, cobalt, iodine, sulfur, etc. In the necessary concentrations are safe. |
| Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and Chlorides | Most shrimp normally tolerate the high content of these ions, as these are elements of sea water. And shrimp still has a strong genetic memory of their homeland. But it is important to remember that when these elements are present in water as a mixture, then this is normal. If only one of them is bad. As for calcium, it is necessary for shrimp for the construction of the shell. If the water is too soft, then many shrimp can show pathologies when molting. To compensate for the lack of calcium, you can use marble soil, tuff decorations, different shells, etc. |
| Iodine. | This is a very important element for shrimp life. But it often happens that there is too little of it in food and water. If iodinol (from a pharmacy) is added to the water of the aquarium at the rate of 1 ml per 10 liters of water, once or twice a month, this will not harm plants, fish and bacteria. But the shrimp will be happy. It is better to refrain from using a traditional alcoholic solution of iodine. |
Separately, I want to touch on a sore subject - algae. In my opinion, in the fight against them, many people reach the point of absurdity. Shrimps are unlikely to share the aesthetic feelings of the host. For them, algae is food, a useful substrate and an additional water purifier. True, in the case of flowering water, it is necessary to ensure good aeration.
Think carefully before pouring pesticides, whether it is worth it. As a rule, an excess of algae can always be managed without the use of algaecides. And even if many people will assure that they are doing well, this does not mean that in your case it will do without problems. It is clear that the shrimp want to live, contrary to the good efforts of the owner. But each aquarium has its own specific conditions. Because of this, someone is lucky, but someone is not. Do not risk the lives of your pets in vain.
And a couple more tips:
- Wash your hands thoroughly without soap before lowering them into a shrimp aquarium.
- In the summer I constantly use fumitox. Many shrimp owners too. There are no negative consequences.
Once again about water
Did I say that shrimp are very sensitive to water quality? He seems to be talking. But this is not out of place to say again.
Oxygen
It is very important to provide a large amount of oxygen in aquarium water. Shrimps breathe with gills, much like fish. But the performance of fish gills is much higher. Therefore, shrimp need more oxygen. Where the fish survives, the shrimp may die of suffocation.
Extreme situations leading to a sharp drop in oxygen concentration are: flashes of blue-green algae (blooming water), bacterial turbidity, temperature increase up to 30 0 C, high oxidation of water (due to excess organics).
Fish have another important advantage: a swimming bladder, which allows you to swim closer to the surface, where there is much more oxygen due to gas exchange with air. Shrimps are heavier than water and cannot swim for a long time. The only salvation for them is floating plants, for which you can catch and breathe near the surface.
Shrimp do not breathe through the mouth. Their gills are located in the central part of the body (in carapace), and they drive water into them with cilia located under the belly. And too intense movements can mean that the shrimp lacks oxygen. And the females so air their eggs.
The most demanding oxygen - filter. I would call the least picky cherry.
Water temperature
Comfortable temperature for shrimp: 22-25 o C. Although, the Sulawes savages require at least 27 o. But for most, the limit is 32 o. In addition, the warmer the water, the worse the necessary oxygen dissolves in it.
One summer, almost two weeks there was a terrible heat. The temperature in the aquariums was kept at 30-31. All remained alive. But this is force majeure.
Temperature above 29 o is harmful to the health of shrimp.
The lower limit in my cherry shrimp dropped to 13 o without visible damage. I think that Amano could also survive this. But with filtrators, I would not take that risk.
Hydrochemistry
What can be said about the hydrochemical parameters of water? Yes, advanced shrimp owners usually famously navigate things like pH, KH, GH. Especially it is necessary to understand this if you are going to establish a carbon dioxide supply.
For most shrimp, a pH of 6.5 to 8.5 is normal. Optimum 7.5-8. That is, a slightly alkaline environment.
Hardness is better than low. For example, quite a few reports of problems with molting in soft water (dGH< 5). В то же время, мне не приходилось слышать о проблемах в жёсткой воде.
Although, for example, red crystals feel better in softer and slightly acidic water.
But the most important quality of water is stability! Shrimps are able to adapt to the new environment, even if the parameters are not entirely favorable. But they will not be able to adapt to chaotic fluctuations in parameters (which are inevitable when trying to use pH-minus or plus).
Organics
And all shrimp love water with a low organic content. Without organic matter (tap water) - this is very bad. An excess of organic matter is also no good. Useful organics include substances released by plants. Snags are also very welcome. A positive effect is given by oak leaves or alder cones. At one time I used granular peat in a filter. The water was yellowish, but all the shrimp felt great.
Molting
The physiological feature of shrimp, like all arthropods, is their solid chitinous shell, which protects the body from all sides. This armor really helps them survive wildlife, and in some aquariums too.
But there is a drawback: shrimp grows and the suit becomes cramped. Therefore, from time to time they have to discard the old skin and grow a new one. This is called molting.
By the way, this is another unexpected bonus: together with a new skin, torn limbs can miraculously re-grow again.
But everything is far from simple! The molting process is very responsible. Indeed, at this moment, the shrimp becomes very vulnerable. In addition, to grow a new shell, the body uses the "fat reserves" accumulated earlier. And if the shrimp didn’t receive any substances from food, then building materials for new armor may not be enough. This is fraught with various pathologies and even death of the shrimp.
In addition to natural links, there are unplanned ones due to a sharp change in water parameters. This is a rather dangerous and undesirable phenomenon in the case when the shrimp did not have time to recover from the previous molt. And if the shrimp had caviar, then it is usually lost.
What is a sharp change in water parameters in terms of shrimp?
Oddly enough, it could even be a transplant to a nearby aquarium. After all, shrimp very subtly feel the difference. Therefore, do not try to transplant a pregnant female ("so that the babies are not eaten"). It is unlikely that she will appreciate such good motives.
An illiterate start-up of a carbon dioxide supply system, the introduction of chemicals that violate the environment, and even global weeding of fast-growing plants can lead to a change in parameters.
Some impressionable aquarists for the first time seeing empty skins sometimes mistake them for corpses. Yes, and I myself once got caught: it lies at the bottom of the filter body, and only the mustache twitches. I already wanted to get very upset, but upon closer inspection it turned out to be an empty shell, into which the snail climbed. And the mustache moved because of her movement.
The corpses of any shrimp in the aquarium look exactly the same as in the frozen department of the grocery store - twisted, red and motionless.
Empty skins are translucent, usually white. And they are very light, so they sway even from a small stream and can lie on the leaves.
Behavior and Compatibility
Most shrimp are socially active creatures. Perhaps this does not apply only to filtrators, which are single introverts.
I can say for sure that the behavior of the seven Amanka is very different from the three. In the group, shrimp behave more actively and boldly, hide less. Therefore, watching them is much more interesting.
Between shrimp different types I did not notice a special relationship.
Another feature is round-the-clock activity. It seems that for them it does not really matter, day now or night.
The combined content of shrimp is limited by two factors:
- Larger shrimp can eat smaller ones. Typically, predators sin, such as macrobrachiums. However, I already warned that it is better to start with peaceful ones.
- Some seemingly different shrimp are able to enter into mixed marriages. For example, this is possible between bees, tigers and crystals. () This does not harm them, but the offspring come out completely unprepossessing. Is it worth it to pay big money for beautiful decorative shrimpif they replace the dull half-breeds?
Shrimp and fish
And of course you can not ignore the relationship of shrimp and fish.
Unfortunately, even small fish often prey on shrimp fry. A larger fish would not mind eating adult cherries. Amanki and filter can stand up for themselves. But during molting, they can easily become the prey of cichlids or macropods. Cases of eating amanoks by roosters are known.
There are very few completely safe fish. Among them, I would call microparsing ( Microrasbora sp. Galaxy), otocinclus ( Otocinclus macrospilus), acanththalmus ( Acanthophthalmus kuhli) and gastromysones ( Gastromyzon punctulatus) And yet, oddly enough, a huge and formidable girinoheylus ( Gyrinocheilus aymonieri) - a thunderstorm of fish - turned out to be completely harmless to shrimp. True, once I heard that he had thrashed predatory shrimp. But, apparently, they were the first to attack him.
The main nuisance is that even in the absence of aggression from the fish, the shrimp try to stay away from sin. They begin to hide and switch to night activity.
For example, in my stolitrovy aquarium filters, amankas, cherries and Indian red noses got along well.
Of the fish there were: girinohejlus, two Siamese algae eater (SAE), wedge-shaped rasings, honey gourami and dwarf bots.
Cherry juveniles led mainly a nocturnal lifestyle. In addition, they occupied the inside of the filters. Adults calmly climbed during the day.
I think that for the first time the theory will be enough. In the next part, we will consider the practical issues of creed studies.
No records found.
Shrimps (lat. Caridea) - belong to the infraorder of crustaceans from the decapod order (Decapoda). In total there are about 250 genera and of them 2 thousand species of shrimp. The size of the shrimp is different. Adults can be from 2 to 30 centimeters. The body consists of the cephalothoracic, abdominal, and caudal sections, laterally compressed. Shrimp in nature is a very important step in the food chain. Virtually all marine inhabitants could not exist without it.
The skeleton of the shrimp is external, it is also the carapace - carapace, consists of chitin and minerals. The last segments of the abdomen (uropods) are wide plates that form the tail fan, with which the shrimp can make sharp swimming movements. Shrimp have long antennas (mustaches) - these are the organs of touch and smell. Under the antennas are organs of the chemical sense - antennula.
Shrimp Features
How many legs does shrimp have? The answer seems to lie on the surface, but not all of the shrimp's limbs are legs. The five hind pairs of chest legs are used for movement. The chest extremities have eight pairs, three of which are the jaw for food grabbing and self-defense. The other five pairs of chest limbs are used when moving. The legs located on the abdomen (pleopods) are used for swimming and for carrying eggs. The first pair of legs in males evolved into a copulatory organ. The life span of different types of shrimp can range from 1-2 years for dwarf shrimps and up to 10 years for long-clawed shrimps.
Where does shrimp live?
Shrimps have spread widely across the oceans, many species have also populated fresh water. In tropical seas there is a greater species diversity. In Russia, shrimp live on Far Eastwhere their fauna is over 100 species. Also found in Ukraine in the Azov and Black Seas.
Lifestyle and behavior
What do prawns eat
Mostly shrimp feed on plankton, parts of algae, small invertebrates (insect larvae, worms), quickly completely eat dead fish. Shrimps of the Palaemon species, less often the Masrobrachium, if hungry, can prey on young fish.
Shrimp propagation
Shrimps are dioecious. Many species are protandric hermaphrodites, that is, in the process of life, they change gender from male to female.
Shrimps lay up to 150 thousand eggs. Of these, the zoea larva appears, in primitive shrimps - the nauplius. Shrimp larvae are a small planktonic organism that serves as food for other animal species. Larvae are very sensitive to the external environment.
Natural enemies in nature
A large number of young individuals die at the larval stage, and only a small percentage of them survive to adulthood. Whales, whale sharks, and other planktonivores feed on small shrimp. They also become prey for other marine animals from bottom fish to mollusks, seabirds and mammals.
How is used by man
Shrimp meat is rich in proteins and amino acids. Like other seafood, they have a lot of iodine. They contain all fat-soluble vitamins: K, A, E, D, vitamins C (ascorbic acid), B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B9 (folic acid), PP (niacin), B-carotene. This real natural storehouse contains calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, manganese, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, fluorine, sulfur, zinc. The only drawback of shrimp is its high cholesterol content.
Mantis shrimp is also a shrimp. Its length can reach 2 meters! In science, there is no type of “king” shrimp; this is the conventional name for all large shrimp. The largest shrimp species is black tiger shrimp, reaching 36 cm in length and 650 grams of weight.
More than 3.5 million tons of shrimp worth $ 10 billion are caught annually in the seas and oceans. Shrimp bottom trawling destroys their habitat for up to 40 years.
The largest part of the large and giant thirty centimeter shrimp is grown on special farms. Due to this production, mangrove swamps and coral reefs are destroyed in warm Asian waters. Artificially grown shrimp are filled with chemicals such as urea and superphosphate. If these farms are located in the sea strip, then the tides carry production waste into the sea.
By the way, the researchers found in a shrimp batch 162 species of microbes that are resistant to 10 different antibiotics.
Shrimp Aquarium
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Shrimp: lifestyle
Freshwater shrimp, where they live, is an important element of the fauna of water bodies, an essential link in the food chain. They feed on many fish and waterfowl. Have freshwater shrimp and significant economic value.
By the end of XX century. the freshwater shrimp Exopalaemon modestus was found in the Kapchagai reservoir in Kazakhstan, and the Chinese shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense has taken root in Uzbekistan, in the Chirchik and Syr Darya rivers, in Arnasai lakes. She was accidentally introduced into fish ponds along with young Far Eastern fish from China. The same shrimp accidentally fell into artificial reservoirs-coolers at hydroelectric power plants in the Moscow region, then at the Ryazan state district power station and began to breed there perfectly in constantly warm water. Already specially they were settled in the cooling lakes of the state district power station in Belarus and Moldova. In such reservoirs, shrimps eat lower algae, which in bulk develop in warm water, and they themselves serve as food for many fish. In particular, zander eagerly eats them. Now experiments are being conducted on breeding for food purposes the giant oriental shrimp Rosenberg in the Volga delta and in warm-water basins in the Crimea.
According to observations in Belarus, the number of shrimp in the reservoirs-coolers of a state district power station per year can grow by 8.7 times or more. In Moldova, two years after the introduction, their number increased from 2 thousand to 600 thousand.
Freshwater shrimp is a fairly valuable food product that is significant in the tropics and subtropics. They are grown in ponds and rice fields in two dozen countries around the world. In constantly warm water, shrimp can reproduce year-round and reach a large number: up to 50 crustaceans in 1 m3 of water. In the USA, India, Australia, and Israel, the number of shrimp in ponds can grow 60 times over a season. Mostly 10–16 species of the genus Macrobrachium (Macrobrachium) are grown, some of which reach a length of 30 cm and weigh 150–250 g (for example, the already mentioned giant oriental shrimp Rosenberg, Macrobrachium rosenbergii).
You can learn a lot of interesting things about shrimp when observed in an aquarium. These creatures get along well in captivity and over the past decade have become quite widespread among aquarists. They clean aquarium plants from fouling by lower algae, play the role of orderlies, supplement the diversity of the population of an indoor pond, usually limited only by fish, and decorate their underwater landscape with their original appearance. Aquariums contain Japanese marsh shrimp (Caridina japonica), South Asian shrimp bee (Caridina serrata) and bumblebee shrimp from the genus Neocaridina, Far Eastern freshwater shrimp. Small shrimps, for example, caridina bee, live in captivity 1–1.5, large ones - 2–4 years.
The volume of 7–10 l per individual is sufficient for shrimps; they prefer a sandy bottom, clean water, feed on detritus, the remains of fish food, and microalgae. Large shrimp can sometimes attack sick or, less commonly, fish sleeping on the bottom at night. They usually do not touch healthy, active fish. Attacks on fish and cannibalism are more often observed in situations stressful for shrimp - after transplantation, with a lack of regular food, crowding, sudden changes in conditions, in particular, significant temperature changes within 1-2 hours.
According to some reports, Caridina shrimp needs brackish water for the development of caviar and larvae, and neocaridine bumblebees (Neocaridina) breed in fresh water. But the biology features of many shrimp species have not been studied enough, so it’s interesting to recommend that schoolchildren keep them, along with fish, in aquariums and watch them. Topics for observation may be as follows.
1. Color variability: lightening and darkening depending on the light intensity, time of day, soil color in different species. The effect of nutrition on coloring. So, when eating red mosquito larvae (bloodworms), the body of the shrimp can turn pink, when eating dark worms of tubulators, it can darken, and when it feeds on green algae, it can turn green.
2. It is instructive to observe the movements and orientation of the shrimp. Walking legs on the cephalothorax help them walk on the ground and climb vertically on plants. Here they are also held with the help of the abdominal swimming legs, which in other cases help the shrimp to swim both forward - horizontally, and up and down - vertically. The movements of the caudal stems - uropods and the flexion of the end of the abdomen help the shrimp not only quickly bounce back a considerable distance, but also drive away other shrimps and fish from itself. Also, sharp flexion and extension of the abdomen, tremors, shedding shrimp moves, the legs of which have not yet hardened.
When searching for food, the shrimp primarily uses antennas, claws, and mandibles, all the while feeling the substrate around it. Her eyes are distinguished only by relatively large, closely spaced objects and are used when viewing the surrounding area when swimming and moving and when observing the approach of danger. This can be seen when catching shrimp net.
3. Of interest are observing the behavior of shrimp. Large macrobrachiums and palemons exhibit elements of territoriality, keep more often in one corner of the aquarium, try not to let other shrimps and fish go there. But we did not observe fights among shrimps - they, pushing open claws forward, quickly spread apart when they meet. Males competing for the female behave in a similar manner. Males guard females during molting and mating.
4. Noteworthy are the experiments on feeding shrimp, their choice of food objects, on the influence of temperature on the growth and development of shrimp, the frequency of molts. Shrimps quickly begin to recognize the place where food constantly appears, and try to stay nearby all the time. So they form conditioned reflex at the place and time of feeding. This indicates a certain development and complexity of the shrimp nervous system: they have a more plastic behavior than arachnids and a number of insects, which almost do not form conditioned reflexes.
It is worth paying attention to the structure of discarded carapace - exuvium. When molting, shrimps grow damaged or previously lost limbs, and their regeneration occurs. This is especially noticeable in young people, as they often molt.
5. Reproduction of shrimp - a special area of \u200b\u200bobservation. Interesting features of female care for eggs, their color change as they mature. Females can regularly lay unfertilized eggs, which then gradually lose. The effect of temperature and salinity on egg development can be traced. Finally, the complex process of development of shrimp larvae is very interesting. If you manage to grow a dozen young shrimp from the larvae, this is already a great success. Larvae can be fed with particles of powdered milk, yeast, boiled egg yolk, ground grain sprayed in water ...
Shrimp is popular among gourmets for its nutritional value and year-round availability. They are eaten not only separately, but also added to salads and snacks. Shrimp are widespread in all world seas and many species live in fresh water. These are small crustaceans, the size of which does not exceed 30 centimeters. In Russia, shrimp are mainly found in the Far East, where they are inhabited by over 100 species. But commercial shrimps are usually divided not by species, but by the size of individuals, it is precisely sorted by size that they go on sale. But the smallest species (up to 7 cm) are deep-sea shrimp.
The history of the use of shrimp in food goes back many centuries. Even ancient culinary specialists surprised their masters with magnificent baked shrimps from Minturo, Smyrna or Alexandria.
Shrimps are rich in proteins and valuable amino acids, and also have a large number iodine, which is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. They also contain all fat-soluble vitamins: K, A, E, D.
Shrimp contains potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, cobalt, manganese, copper, molybdenum, fluorine, zinc, vitamins C, B1, B2, B9, PP, provitamin A and B-carotene.
Thus, shrimp are one of the most valuable sources of protein and minerals.
On a note:The amount of iodine in shrimp is 100 times more than in beef!
Shrimp is rich in calcium, which is useful for the thyroid gland, immune system, kidneys, muscle system, blood synthesis and bone building. Potassium is essential for the cardiovascular system. Zinc stimulates the production of hormones, improves skin, strengthens nails. Sulfur also favorably affects the condition of the skin, hair and nails, regulates the function of sweat and sebaceous glands, strengthens the immune system, reduces allergies, participates in the construction of connective tissue, including the valvular apparatus of the heart, membranes of venous and arterial vessels, joint surfaces.
Shrimp has a very high level of beneficial cholesterol, as well as a lot of copper.
Shrimp composition
in 100 grams of product
| The nutritional value | Vitamins | Macronutrients | Trace elements |
|
Calorie 87 kcal Protein 18.3 gr Fat 1.2g Carbohydrates 0.8 g Water 78.2 g Saturated fatty acid 0.2 gr Cholesterol 160 mg Ash 1.5g |
Vitamin A 0.015 mg |
Calcium 100 mg Magnesium 60 mg Sodium 150 mg Potassium 260 mg Phosphorus 220 mg Sulfur 210 m |
Iron 2.2 mg Zinc 2.1 mg Iodine 110 mcg Copper 850 mcg Manganese 0.11 mg Chromium 55 mcg Fluoride 100 mcg Molybdenum 10 mcg Cobalt 12 mcg Nickel 11 mcg |
On a note: The best shrimp are freshly frozen: they are not only tastier, but also stored longer. Such shrimp can be distinguished by a gray-brown color.
What good shrimp look like
High-quality frozen shrimp are slightly curved, resilient, and their meat is light gray in color. The shell may be slightly darkened near the cephalothorax and on the back (these spots should disappear after cooking). Some shrimp may be with caviar. The product should smell like sea without any unpleasant odors. All shrimps in the package must be solid, the number of broken antennae and tails should not exceed 5% of the total weight. In addition, nothing but shrimp and ice should be present in the container.
Boiled shrimp should be curved, and the color of the pulp pink with various shades. The meat should be tight and juicy. Shrimp has a characteristic taste and aroma; there should be no extraneous smacks and smells.
What do bad shrimp look like
Poor shrimp can have an unpleasant odor. Violation is damage to the shell and antennae. If the structure of the meat is loose, and its color is gray, yellow or uneven, then the product is spoiled. You should not take shrimp with gray spots on the shell and body, as well as with blackened heads.
On a note: All shrimp in the package must be the same size!
How to determine the quality of shrimp
Carefully consider the package: it must contain the full name of the company, as well as the manufacturer’s contact information, the weight of the package and the number of shrimp in one kilogram must be indicated
On a note: Shrimp packaging should indicate the number of shrimp per kg or 450 grams (this is 1 pound).
If you purchase shrimp by weight, the icing on them should not be too thick. Shrimps packaged in bags should not be in the snow, because this is a sure sign of re-freezing.
On a note:Superiority in quality today is occupied by European shrimp suppliers.
Conditional classification of edible shrimp:
- Classic Shrimp ( different kinds shrimp packaged by size).
- King prawns.
- Tiger chrimp.
In nature, there are over 2 thousand species of shrimp. However, all of them can be divided into conditional groups by habitat. There are warm-water and cold-water shrimps, as well as sea and fresh-water ones.
Cold Shrimp
Coldwater sea \u200b\u200bshrimp very diverse. In Russia in the Far East there are more than 100 species. But the most popular are the northern red shrimp Pandalus borealis, which live in arctic waters. Their subspecies are the northern chillim Pandalus goniurus and the red comb prawn Pandalus hypsinotus. These are very small but tasty - a great beer snack.
Warm shrimp
Warm shrimp live in the warm tropical waters of the southern seas and oceans. Such shrimp is not only caught in habitat, but also bred on special farms. There are few species of warm-water shrimp. Very popular is the tiger shrimp Penaeus kerathurus, living in the Atlantic Ocean. The black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is also known. It is common on the coasts of Asian countries. In the Pacific and Indian oceans, there is a green tiger shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus, as well as a white shrimp Panaeus Vannamei, also called king.
Saltwater Shrimp
Also found in the Atlantic Ocean are the pink pink Penaeus notialis, royal red Plesiopenaeus emardsianus, serratus Palaemon serratus, northern pink Penaeus duorarum, northern white Penaeus setiferus shrimp, pink deep-sea Aristeus antennatus, southern pink Penaeus notiatis. In the Baltic, Mediterranean and Black Seas in large quantities the Black Sea grassy shrimp Palaemon adspersus and sand prawns Crangon crangon On the coasts of Japan and China, spotted deep-sea shrimps Pandalus platyceros and captain shrimps Penaeus chinensis are found. A Chilean shrimp Heterocarpus reedei can only be found off the coast of Chile.
It is interesting: In nature, there are very unusual species of shrimp. So, shrimp spongyola lives in glass sponges. This shrimp gets inside the sponge even at the larval stage, then it grows and due to its size it can already crawl out. And the mantis shrimp is distinguished by its own eyes: it is able to see in infrared, optical, polarized and ultraviolet light at the same time. In Asia, there is a ninja shrimp that can change color, mimicking under environment. In the waters of the Indian Ocean, red-nosed shrimps with a long reddish nose live.
Freshwater Shrimp
But shrimp is not only in sea and ocean waters. Many species live in fresh waters. The largest and most popular tropical warm-water freshwater shrimp are the giant Macrobrachium rosenbergii. They are better known as king prawns. These shrimps live in Southeast Asia, China, Indy, Northern Australia and the islands of Oceania. It is interesting that, living in fresh water, king prawns prefer to reproduce in salt water.
Freshwater shrimp found in Russia are descendants of the inhabitants of the Earth before the ice age. For example, in the Caucasus in the streams and cave lakes there is a blind troglocar shrimp Troglocaris anophthalmus Kollar.
Species of Leander, Paratya, Caridina inhabit the Far East. Shrimp Palaemon superbus and Leander modestus Heller are found in Lake Hanka. And Leander modestus Heller and Caridina denticulata sinensis Kemp live in Amur. Shrimp are inhabited on Sakhalin by L. Paucudens De Haan. Shrimp Paratya porealis Wolk lives in the Ulunchi River. In fresh water Astrakhan region The eastern river shrimp inhabits.
It is interesting: The birthplace of the eastern river shrimp that lives in the Astrakhan reservoirs are Vietnam, Japan and China. However, having arrived in Russia together with lots of Vietnamese fish, the eastern shrimp successfully adapted to the harsh Russian climate and has been living in our country since the 50s of the last century.
| How to cook shrimp |
How much time to cook shrimp
The main thing during cooking is to prevent the meat from acquiring a rubbery consistency. In order not to digest the product, you need to consider what type of shrimp you have purchased: warm-water or cold-water.
On a note: Large warm-water shrimps cook longer than shallow-water shrimps.
Ordinary small atlantic shrimp boil no more than 2 minutes, and large warm ones should be in boiling water for about 3 minutes. The difference is small, but it is of great importance.
A characteristic sign of shrimp readiness is a matte pink color and a slightly transparent shell. After the shrimp is cooked, some chefs recommend not to take them out of the water immediately, but leave for 15-20 minutes to brew in the resulting broth.
On a note: When the shrimp is cooked, do not rush to remove them from the broth, and let it brew for 20 minutes.
If you bought shrimp not frozen, but frozen shrimp, then enough of them, without defrosting, throw in a pot of boiling water and wait until they float to the surface.
How to improve the taste of shrimp
In Italy, shrimp is sometimes boiled in milk or cream. In China and Japan, green tea leaves are added to the water when boiling shrimp, which helps to discourage the fishy smell.
Russia also has its own interesting approaches to cooking shrimp. For example, there are known methods of boiling shrimp in beer and even in vodka!
The best shrimp additives during cooking to improve the taste and aroma of the dish are black pepper, bay leaf, lemon, lime, vegetable oil, salt, garlic, tarragon, dill, cloves.
On a note: Shrimps can be cooked in the microwave, for this it is enough to put frozen shrimps without adding water for 5-12 minutes, depending on the power of the FWM radiation.
| How to clean shrimp |
In shops you can find ordinary unpeeled shrimp, and shrimp without a head and even without a shell.
On a note: On average, 1 kg of peeled shrimp is approximately equal to 3 kg of unpeeled shrimp.
Some shrimp recipes may include pre-cleaning prior to heat treatment. In others, on the contrary, you need to cook the whole shrimp. Even the recipes of some dishes include the use of shrimp along with the shell or tails. Also, when frying or baking on the shrimp bodies, heads are often left. However, if you still need to peel the shrimp, there are several ways.
Shrimp Cleaning Methods
You can start the cleaning process by separating the head, and then, pulling the tail, carefully remove the carapace with the legs and at the same time pull out the insides.
Another way is to start with the paws, and then separate the head and carapace. If there is caviar on the paws, it is better to remove it beforehand.
On a note: Shrimp caviar can also be eaten: it is both tasty and healthy.
There are ways to clean shrimp using kitchen appliances: cut the legs with scissors, and cut a shell along the outer bend with a small knife, push its halves apart and pry off with the tip of the inside. Then they take out the meat and rinse it.
Note: To easily clean boiled shrimps, after cooking, dip them in cold water for a few seconds.
Using shrimp shells
You can make soup broth from shrimp. There are several ways to make such a broth. First, shells can simply be cooked in a pan with spices. There should be little water, only to cover the contents. After boiling, reduce heat and simmer for about 30 minutes. After cooking, wait until the water has cooled.
The second way is to rinse and dry the shrimp shells in the oven at 200 degrees in advance for about 20 minutes. After cooking with seasonings, onions and garlic until boiling, then reduce heat, add herbs and cook for another hour. After cooking, insist 30 minutes.
On a note: Before using the shrimp shell broth for cooking soup, you need to strain it through cheesecloth.
| Shrimp Market in Russia |
Cold-water shrimp are caught in Scandinavia, Russia and Canada. Suppliers of Atlantic cold-water shrimp to the Russian market are Canada, Denmark, Norway, Greenland, Russia, the USA and Japan. Sold mostly freshly frozen.
Warm shrimp is supplied to the domestic market by countries such as China, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Brazil, Ecuador. They are sold in three types - frozen in a block of ice, individually frozen with a head and without a head.
In 2010, Russia shipped two main types of shrimp: Pandalidae shrimp accounted for 67.8% of the turnover by weight, and 52.8% in terms of price, and Penaeus shrimp made up 30.5% and 44.9%, respectively. At the same time, Pandalidae turned out to be cheaper than Penaeus by 47%.
For 2007-2010, the average increase in shrimp imports to Russia amounted to 6%. In 2010, import volumes almost returned to the pre-crisis level of 2008 and amounted to $ 199 million.
Statistics of average monthly deliveries from 2007 to 2010 showed a fall in the total volume and delivery price in 2009 to an average annual level of $ 3.09 per 1 kg of goods. In 2010, there were obvious trends in sales growth, while the average annual price since 2008 increased by 4%.
Russia is one of the world leaders in terms of shrimp consumption. In 2013, shrimp were shipped to Russia from 24 countries!
The main importers of shrimp to Russia are Canada, China and Denmark. The largest supplier of shrimp to Russia is Canada (more than 40% of all imports), however, the share of China with each goth is growing (from 2.7% in 2007 to 22.8% in 2010).
The most expensive shrimp are delivered from Portugal, Nicaragua and Vietnam.
Relatively cheap shrimp - from Italy, Spain, Japan, the Netherlands, Estonia, Iceland, Tunisia.
Major suppliers imported shrimp to the Russian market: Albatros, Polar Sifood Russia, Vichunai-Rus, New Alaska, Agama Royal Greenland, Sea Prod.
Most companies in the Russian shrimp market are representative offices of foreign manufacturers. In addition to sales, these enterprises, as a rule, process and package products.
There are various types of shrimp in the Black Sea. Near the coast in the thickets of algae, both small species and those reaching ten centimeters in length are found everywhere. They have excellent tastes, and local fishermen use them as bait.
The Black Sea is rich in animal world. Shrimp have always aroused special interest and sympathy among scientists and vacationers. It is considered to be their symbol of the sea.
They belong to the family of decapod crayfish, which in this place has about 11 species from 5 families.
Animal food is not the main source of nutrition. Shrimp also swallows plankton, soil and algae. With the help of the organs of smell and touch, they are looking for food. Sitting on the stones, they pick up food with long front legs and small claws.
They have well-developed legs and a tail fan.
Shrimp are the food of many marine predators, so they have to do sprinting movements with their long legs. Sometimes this leads to the fact that they literally jump out of the water.
Females carry up to one and a half thousand eggs. From them appear larvae, which become shrimp after several links.
Shrimp Species
Near the shore you can find two types of these shrimps: large adspersus and small elegans. They have a body of bright olive color, with blue stripes on their legs. Prefer places in thickets in shallow water.
Scientists note the growing number of shrimp, and predict that in the future it is even possible to organize private farms for their cultivation. This type of activity in the Black Sea can compete with the import of these animals. There is no need to buy tiger shrimps abroad.
At Cape Tarkhankut there are representatives up to 10 cm in length with weights of 10 g. In the local grotto, shrimps live in whole settlements. During the day they hide in stone crevices, and at night go fishing, so for a long time no one knew about the existence of gigantic specimens.
Shrimps are also found in the waters of the Black Sea, which are initially red in color, and not just after cooking.
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Shingles - small floating decapod crustaceans classified in the Caridea infraorder, are widespread throughout the world, both in freshwater and in salt bodies of water. About 2-30 cm in size. More than 100 shrimp species are found in the Far Eastern seas of Russia.
Spongicola - a special type of shrimp, differ in that they live in pairs in glass sponges. They creep in there still with larvae, grow there, depriving themselves of the opportunity to get out. Food is obtained due to the fact that the sponge drives water through itself, which contains plankton. It got its name from the word "spongia" - "sponge".
Some shrimp species are hermaphrodites. Transformed from larvae into an adult, they are males. In two years adulthood they turn into females.
Shrimps belong to the class of crustaceans. They are widespread in all seas and oceans. Shrimp come in different sizes. appearance, in size, color, lifestyle. They lead a local lifestyle without significant migrations. Shrimps distributed on the shelf of the western coast of Africa most often live on muddy sites, near river mouths with a bottom water temperature of 17–23 ° C and a sea depth of 30–70 m. In the daytime, the shrimp is buried in the silt, and after dark it stays above the silt zone and preys mainly on small crustaceans. Shrimps live 12-18 months, reaching a maximum length of 30 cm. Individuals measuring 6-14 cm usually prevail in catches.
5-8 cm heifers are mined in the North Pacific and the Barents Sea. In the Far East, shrimp is commonly called shrimp or chillim. Grass shrimp lives on the shores of the Kuril Islands, South Sakhalin and Primorye in the thickets of sea herbs, and fine sand shrimp lives near the river mouths. Large shrimp (up to 30 cm long) - shrimp-bear cub - is common in the Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Seas. Small northern or pink shrimp forms large commercial clusters in the Bering and Barents Seas and on the Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic).
In the Black Sea is very small shrimp 4-5 cm in size. A huge mass of euphausiids, shrimp-like crustaceans 3-4 cm in size, lives in the waters of Antarctica (the so-called “krill”). While they serve as food for baleen whales, seals and numerous birds, however, the promising importance of these crustaceans is huge as raw material for the production of fodder flour and food concentrates. Depending on the species, shrimps are pink, brown or bluish-white, but in the kitchen pan they turn orange. The body of the shrimp consists of the cephalothorax and neck, covered with shell. In the cephalothoracic part of the shrimp, internal organs get in the way. This part of the body does not contain edible meat and is used to produce valuable feed flour for birds and livestock. A medium-sized shrimp (12-16 cm long) weighs 70-100 g. The weight of large shrimp (up to 30 cm long) reaches 300 g. The edible portion weighs 20-30%.
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Benefit
In the meat of animals there is a lot of protein, which is perfectly absorbed and contains many essential amino acids. The latter can not be produced in the body, they come only with food. This product contains much more iodine than beef, so it is in demand in regions with iodine deficiency.
A rich set of mineral elements and vitamins affects almost all organs and systems, including the skin, hair, nails. This is an indispensable tool for the prevention of heart and vascular diseases.
Habitat
Where do you get shrimp? There are several habitats for these creatures:
- The tiger species is in Pacific ocean. Closer to the equator, animals are larger and tastier. Found in warm waters big variety species. Closer to the poles there are fewer.
- These animals are found in Kenya, Brazil, Ecuador, Somalia. In these countries, water usually has a temperature of +25 to +30 degrees, which is favorable for the development of these inhabitants. Their sizes can be 30 cm. On the territory South America shrimp farming is carried out on farms, due to which a quality product is produced.
- Lowering the temperature to +15 degrees causes death marine life. Similarly, warm water works - +35.
- Small shrimps, the size of which are 2.5-10 cm, live in the Barents, Baltic, and North Seas. Animals caught off the coast of Canada and Greenland are of great value.
- There are many marine inhabitants in the Mediterranean, Black, and Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov.
- There are freshwater animals in the Amur and cave reservoirs of Transcaucasia.
- There are crustaceans in the fresh waters of the Far East. The population is relict, because it has lost contact with other similar species due to geological changes in land. They live at +15 degrees, but when the temperature drops to 10 degrees, larvae die. Adults can not tolerate a decrease to 0 degrees.
If animals live at temperatures that differ from optimal, then they grow more slowly and also stop reproducing. In such a climate, they exist for up to 3 months. Shrimps are not very sensitive to salt water, because even those that live in fresh water are of marine origin.
Industrial types
Although several thousand crustaceans live in nature, commercial interest is not in all of them. In Russia, beer shrimp is considered the most popular - cold-water red. It is small in size, sweet in taste. She has subspecies - red comb and northern chillim. Game and king prawns are in demand.
Along the coast of Africa lives southern pink shrimp. Captain is in artificial reservoirs of China and Korea. In the Black and Mediterranean Seas there is a sand shrimp, the fishing of which is carried out by Germany. Grassy caught black sea shrimp. US restaurants serve spotty deep-sea creatures as well as white and pink. There is a Chilean species common on the coast of Chile.
Where and when to catch?
When can I catch shrimp? To have a rich catch, shrimp must be sent at night or in the evening. Many recommend fishing in the early morning, but this should be before dawn. The place must be selected by type of inflow or where there is an intense narrowing of the channel. The catch can be on the channel that connects the sea and the estuary.
Inhabitants are crowded around the walls and supports of the pier, concrete structures, breakwaters, rocks, the side of the ship. There are also many of them in the thickets of algae. A bright lantern can serve as bait. In the dark period they illuminate the water column. Especially for this, lanterns with a sealed housing are sold. Such products are suitable for use under water. Crustaceans quickly run into the light. How to catch shrimp? For this, several proven methods are used.
If trawling is chosen, then chicken offal, fish, meat are required. On this issue, the opinions of fishermen are different. Some people think that the bait should be a little dull, while others say the need to use fresh bait. Another subtlety are ebbs. If you know about the time of their onset, it will turn out to improve the result of fishing. How to catch shrimp in Primorye? For this, all proven methods are used. Let's consider them in detail.
Butterfly net
How to catch shrimp? By law, it is allowed to use a net with a diameter of up to 70 cm. You must choose a device with a long and strong handle. When illuminated by a lantern, they drive them near walls, supports, structures, near algae and a ship.
In this way, the catch will not be large, but if the product is not for sale, then it will be enough. Together with shrimp, silt, algae, sand penetrate into the net. If there is a boat, then fishing can be done from it. All the rules are the same, you just need to take a suitable butterfly net. How to catch shrimp in the Black Sea? Suitable for any of the methods specified in the article.
Trawling
Another way to catch shrimp? A trawl is a device for catching not only crustacean inhabitants, but also fish. It is a metal circle or oval to which a fine wire mesh similar to a bag is connected. Its length can be 4 meters.
After immersion in water, the trawl must be pulled along the bottom overgrown with algae. To do this, the ropes are fixed to the metal frame. Often the trawl is attached to the boat. It can be installed in the place where the shrimp lives, only in advance there must be placed a bait. The placement of the device in the area of \u200b\u200bnarrow ducts helps. Then you only need to control the flow and deploy it in a timely manner.
Net
Usually it is used for fishing from a boat. How to catch shrimp net? It is lowered to the bottom by sinkers, and pulled out by a special rope. When choosing a fishing location, keep in mind that the depth should not be higher than the radius of the net.
There are other methods for catching crustaceans. For example, it is necessary to tie the reeds into a medium-sized bundle, place them inside the bait and sink to the bottom. After some time, you need to pull out the trap with the contents. But this option is poaching, so with it there is a likelihood of trouble. How to catch Azov shrimp? The hunt for marine life is carried out by any of the 3 methods specified here.
Do I need to consider the seasons?
It is important to consider not only how to catch shrimp at sea, but also periods of fishing:
- In summer, animals spawn. Fishing is prohibited during this period, and punishment is provided for by law under poaching.
- Mass passage usually occurs in spring and autumn, when the water is warm. Therefore, the hunt for marine life in May, September, October will bring great results.
- In winter, crustaceans wander to a depth of 30 meters, so even if you use a landing net or a trawl, it will not be effective.
Deep sea fishing method
The deep fishing method is considered a complex process that can be used in the industrial field. Caught crustaceans are subjected to heat treatment on a ship, because of which their quality is improved. Usually, large trawls are used for industrial fishing. They are let down, which allows you to collect everything in its path.
This method allows you to catch shrimp, fish, shellfish and other inhabitants. The trawl is able to plow the seabed, destroying everything around. He is lifted to the deck by winches. When production is sorted, products are frozen and delivered to the mainland.
Shrimp conservation
Since these marine inhabitants deteriorate quickly (in about 2-3 hours), it is necessary to properly preserve them after fishing. Amateur anglers place the shrimp in an ice container. If fishing is industrial, then seafood is frozen on the ship. You can save the product like this: put it in a cropped bottle, fill it with water, and then put it in the freezer.
Thus, shrimp fishing has its own characteristics. You need to know where, when and how to do it. You also need to remember about the safety of the product. In this case, hunting for marine inhabitants will bring excellent results.
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Shrimp Features and Habitat
Shrimps are animals unique in their structure. Shrimp Features consist in their anatomy. Shrimps are one of the rare crustaceans that discard and change their shell.
Her genitals and heart are located in the head area. There are digestive and urinary organs. Like most crustaceans, shrimp breathing with gills.
Shrimp gills are protected by a shell and are located next to walking legs. In the normal state, their blood has a light blue color, with a lack of oxygen, it bleaches.
Shrimp inhabit in almost all major reservoirs of the world. Their range is limited only to harsh Arctic and Antarctic waters. They adapted to life in warm and cold, salty and fresh water. The largest number of shrimp species is concentrated in equatorial areas. The farther from the equator, the smaller their population.
Shrimp Character and Lifestyle
Shrimp play an important role in the ecosystem of the seas and oceans. They clean the bottom of reservoirs from the remains of pipe makers, aquatic insects and fish. Their diet consists of rotting plants and detritus-black sludge resulting from the decomposition of fish and algae.
They lead an active lifestyle: they plow the open spaces of the bottom in search of food, crawl along the leaves of plants, cleaning them from snail leeches. Shrimp maneuverability in water is provided by walking legs on the cephalothorax and abdominal swimming legs, and the movements of the tail stems allow you to quickly bounce back and scare off your enemies.
Aquarium shrimp perform the functions of an orderly. They rid the reservoir of fouling by lower algae and feed on the remains of the dead "brothers."
Sometimes they can attack sick or sleeping fish. Cannibalism among these crustaceans is a rare occurrence. Usually it manifests itself only in stressful situations or in conditions of prolonged hunger.
Shrimp Species
All known science species of shrimp are divided into four groups:
- Warm water;
- Cold water;
- Brackish water;
- Freshwater
The habitat of warm-water shrimp is limited to the southern seas and oceans. They are caught not only in their natural habitat, but also cultivated in artificial conditions. Science knows more than a hundred species of warm-water shrimp. Examples of such mollusks are black tiger and white tiger shrimps.
Cold-water shrimp are the most common known subspecies. Their habitat is wide: they are found in the Baltic, Barents, North Seas, off the coast of Greenland and Canada.
At shrimp description such individuals are worth mentioning that their length is 10-12 cm and their weight is 5.5-12 g. Cold-water shrimp do not lend themselves to artificial reproduction and develop only in their natural habitat.
They feed exclusively on environmentally friendly plankton, which positively affects their quality. The most famous representatives of this subspecies are northern red shrimp, northern chillim and red comb shrimp.
Shrimp, common in the salty waters of the seas and oceans, are called brackish. So, in the Atlantic Ocean red king prawns, northern white, southern pink, northern pink, serrate and other individuals.
Chilean shrimp can be found on the South American coasts. Black, Baltic and The Mediterranean seas rich in grassy and sand shrimp.
Freshwater shrimp mainly live in the countries of Southeast and South Asia, Australia, Russia and countries post-Soviet space. The length of such individuals is 10-15 centimeters with a weight of 11 to 18 grams. The most famous species are troglocar shrimp, Palaemon superbus, Macrobachium rosenbergii.
Shrimp Food
Basis shrimp nutrition make up dying aquatic plants and organic debris. In their natural habitat, they are scavengers. Shrimps will not refuse to enjoy the remains of dead mollusks or even young fish.
Among plants, they prefer to eat those in which fleshy and succulent leaves, for example, ceratopteris. In the process of finding food, shrimp use the organs of touch and smell. Turning her antennas in different directions, she looks around the area and tries to find prey.
In search of vegetation, individual species of shrimp that live closer to the equator dig up the soil of a reservoir. They run along its perimeter until they run into food, and then, approaching it at a distance of a centimeter, they abruptly attack it. Blind individuals living on the bottom of the Black Sea feed on silt, grinding it with mandibles - well-developed jaws.
Specially developed compound feeds enriched with nutrients and iodine are produced for shrimp grown in an aquarium. It is not recommended to feed them with perishable vegetables.
As food, you can use slightly boiled carrots, cucumber, zucchini, dandelion leaves, clover, cherries, chestnuts, walnuts. A real shrimp feast is the remains of an aquarium fish or brothers.
Breeding and longevity of shrimp
During puberty, the female shrimp begins the process of formation of eggs resembling a green-yellow mass. When the female is ready for mating, she releases pheromones into the water - substances that have a specific smell.
Sensing this smell, the males become more active in search of a partner and fertilize her. This process takes no more than a minute. Then the shrimp appears caviar. The norm for an adult female is the laying of 20-30 eggs. Embryonic development of larvae lasts from 10 to 30 days depending on the ambient temperature.
In the process of embryogenesis, the larvae go through 9-12 stages. At this time, changes are taking place in their structure: at the beginning, the jaw forms, a little later, the cephalothorax.
Most hatched larvae die due to adverse conditions or the “work” of predators. As a rule, 5-10% of the brood reaches maturity. At shrimp breeding in the aquarium, it is possible to save up to 30% of the offspring.
Larvae lead a sedentary lifestyle and are not able to get food while eating food that has fallen. The last stage of development in these mollusks is called decapodal. During this period, the larva leads a lifestyle no different from adult shrimp. Average, life cycle shrimp lasts from 1.5 to 6 years.
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Shrimp Features
How many legs does shrimp have? The answer seems to lie on the surface, but not all of the shrimp's limbs are legs. The five hind pairs of chest legs are used for movement. The chest extremities have eight pairs, three of which are the jaw for food grabbing and self-defense. The other five pairs of chest limbs are used when moving. The legs located on the abdomen (pleopods) are used for swimming and for carrying eggs. The first pair of legs in males evolved into a copulatory organ. The life span of different types of shrimp can range from 1-2 years for dwarf shrimps and up to 10 years for long-clawed shrimps.
Where does shrimp live?
Shrimps have spread widely across the oceans, many species have also populated fresh water. In tropical seas there is a greater species diversity. In Russia, shrimp live in the Far East, where their fauna is more than 100 species. Also found in Ukraine in the Azov and Black Seas.
Lifestyle and behavior
What do prawns eat
Mostly shrimp feed on plankton, parts of algae, small invertebrates (insect larvae, worms), quickly completely eat dead fish. Shrimps of the Palaemon species, less often the Masrobrachium, if hungry, can prey on young fish.
Shrimp propagation
Shrimps are dioecious. Many species are protandric hermaphrodites, that is, in the process of life, they change gender from male to female.
Shrimps lay up to 150 thousand eggs. Of these, the zoea larva appears, in primitive shrimps - the nauplius. Shrimp larvae are a small planktonic organism that serves as food for other animal species. Larvae are very sensitive to the external environment.
Natural enemies in nature
A large number of young individuals die at the larval stage, and only a small percentage of them survive to adulthood. Whales, whale sharks, and other planktonivores feed on small shrimp. They also become prey for other marine animals from bottom fish to mollusks, seabirds and mammals.
How is used by man
Shrimp meat is rich in proteins and amino acids. Like other seafood, they have a lot of iodine. They contain all fat-soluble vitamins: K, A, E, D, vitamins C (ascorbic acid), B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B9 (folic acid), PP (niacin), B-carotene. This real natural storehouse contains calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, manganese, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, fluorine, sulfur, zinc. The only drawback of shrimp is its high cholesterol content.
Mantis shrimp is also a shrimp. Its length can reach 2 meters! In science, there is no type of “king” shrimp; this is the conventional name for all large shrimp. The largest shrimp species is black tiger shrimp, reaching 36 cm in length and 650 grams of weight.
More than 3.5 million tons of shrimp worth $ 10 billion are caught annually in the seas and oceans. Shrimp bottom trawling destroys their habitat for up to 40 years.
The largest part of the large and giant thirty centimeter shrimp is grown on special farms. Due to this production, mangrove swamps and coral reefs are destroyed in warm Asian waters. Artificially grown shrimp are filled with chemicals such as urea and superphosphate. If these farms are located in the sea strip, then the tides carry production waste into the sea.
By the way, the researchers found in a shrimp batch 162 species of microbes that are resistant to 10 different antibiotics.