home State What recycle garbage. Effective Waste Management Methods

What recycle garbage. Effective Waste Management Methods

The choice of recycling method depends on the type of garbage. There are three technologies:

Burial place. The most popular method. Landfills are organized outside the city, away from settlements, highways, ponds and forests. Choose deep ravines, dried ponds or artificial pits. At modern landfills, all established environmental standards are observed. Due to this, harmful fumes from rotting garbage do not enter the atmosphere, and the risk of fire is minimized. Solid household waste classified as group IV is stored. Hazardous industrial waste is also subject to disposal at specialized sites. Pre-products are cemented and subjected to neutralization.
Burning. Heat treatment is carried out in incinerators. This method utilizes liquid, solid, gaseous and some types of hazardous waste. The main advantages of the method are saving land resources and generating heat in the process. However, unwanted substances and dioxins are released into the atmosphere. In addition, on an industrial scale, burning requires the availability of expensive equipment and the work of qualified specialists.
Recycling. Garbage is sent to enterprises where it is recycled. The result is new materials suitable for use. Energy-containing waste is used to generate electricity or is processed into fuel.

Our company is engaged in sending all types of waste for recycling. Experienced specialists accurately select the right approach, ensuring the preservation of the environment. We work with industrial facilities, construction sites and private individuals. It is convenient to leave a request on the website or by email [email protected]

Separate waste disposal has long been practiced abroad: containers with compartments for plastic, waste paper, food and toxic waste are installed not only by local authorities, but also by citizens themselves at home. In Russia and Ukraine, environmental responsibility is developing slowly. And in St. Petersburg, recently they began to completely liquidate separate collection containers installed several years ago: the management companies did not come for months, and the residents reluctantly used them. The correspondent of St. Petersburg, The Village, spoke with the person who sorts the garbage in his apartment and found out what is needed for separate collection at home.

Where to begin

When my girlfriend and I started sorting the garbage at home, we immediately made one big mistake - we did not think about what to do next. They just started to lay waste paper, plastic and glass bottles in separate boxes and bags. When in a few weeks a whole mountain had accumulated, I realized that I had absolutely no idea where to put it all. Remembering the school experience, I thought that it would not be difficult to turn in waste paper or bottles. He carried out monitoring in his area - Primorsky - and realized: it is impossible to do everything in one place.

Each type of waste has its own collection points, and waste paper is collected only for weekdays from 12:00 to 14:00, which is very inconvenient. Bottles are also different: one kind or color in one area, another in another; plastic was never taken anywhere. As a result, I had a pile of bottles piling up and I did not know what to do with them. Then I found out about the monthly campaign “Thank you for the trees”, where you could immediately hand over everything that you have. Now it is no longer held, but many one-time events are held.

Sorting mechanism

Now we are doing the simplest sorting: there are containers for plastic, glass, waste paper and, of course, food waste. They do not take up very much space, it is enough to select a small corner. However, it was not possible to teach all six residents of the apartment to throw everything into different containers. I started alone, and six months ago my sister joined me. At first, everyone doubted the rationality of our actions, but they began to talk more about sorting in the media, and the neighbors showed more understanding.

If you have a lot of energy and you are ready to spend a little more time on it, you can separately collect paper and cardboard, divide glass by color, save metal separately, remove staples from tea bags or magazines. This, of course, will facilitate the work of processing enterprises or even increase the income of those involved in recycling, but only if everyone else does it. When this is done by one person in the city, there is no particular benefit.

Food waste we throw it in an ordinary trash. Some people use the so-called vermicomposters at home - these are boxes in which the worms process food waste dumped there: there is no smell, and the fertilizer is ready. Worms do not run away, everything is neat. There are other examples: one pensioner who is involved in the Rooftop Garden project has decided to create a continuous cycle of consumption and processing on the roof of her apartment building. She put compost boxes there, where the whole house dumps its food waste. Processed recyclables subsequently go to fertilize the land in the garden.

Where to take

To start If you wish to sort the waste, I recommend finding out the location of the collection points for glass, paper, food and hazardous waste near your home. I was an environmental engineer by training, and I didn’t know that. When you go through this stage, separate disposal does not seem so problematic.

With paper or waste paper, the easiest way now is: there are many points and private companies that are ready to come and pick up all their waste paper from your office or home weighing 200 kilograms or more. Within the apartment it is difficult. But one of my acquaintances agreed with the campaign manager, and now they collect cardboard and paper from the whole house, which the special services then take out. The management campaign spends the profit from disposal on the improvement of the local area and on technical needs.

I throw away metal garbage like cans in a separate bag, and then take it to the general trash in the yard, from where they pick it up almost instantly.

With hazardous waste, especially with batteries, the situation is also gradually improving: they were allowed to collect any company or any person in general. I can walk around the city with a drawer and collect them to turn in. Many gas stations and malls have special containers for collecting batteries, mercury lamps, and medical waste. Like an eco-car, only stationary.

Now there are a lot of garbage disposal points in the city, they can be found on the Recyclemap.ru site map. There, for each district, reception centers for glass, paper, hazardous waste and even clothing are offered. For me, the action "Separate collection" is most convenient. Recently they began to operate - this Saturday for the second time they will travel around the city to collect recyclables. There is another way for the most lazy or busy - ecotaxi which they plan to launch soon. Judging by the reviews in social networks, many liked the idea. If they do not overestimate, then for 200-300 rubles this will be an excellent alternative to "Separate collection."

Processing

Most often, the waste is immediately sent to a waste landfill, bypassing the storage facilities. There are two waste sorting stations in St. Petersburg, where workers select useful fractions from the total pile of waste. There, the percentage of recyclable materials is very low: from 3 to 15% maximum. Abroad, up to 90% of the garbage goes to recycling.

You need to understand: whatever one may say, pre-sorting is necessary and very important. If the city does not do this, then we can do it. In any case, food waste must be separated from everything else: they stain, rot and spoil everything around. The same plastic bag can no longer be recycled if it is all in a banana and vinaigrette leftovers. Imagine how on a conveyor belt people are trying to pull a cardboard out of all our compressed garbage plastic bottle. This is unrealistic and no one will do it.

Greenpeace.org
Greenpeace.org
Greenpeace.org
Greenpeace.org
Greenpeace.org

Education

The officials and the administration have their own opinion on this matter: they argue that nobody uses garbage containers for separate disposal and that is why they are dismantled. And residents say they are ready to use it if they create the infrastructure and garbage will be removed on time, and the lids of the tanks will not be locked. I heard somewhere that if at least 4% of the townspeople start to do something, the rest will start to pull themselves towards them. This will set the trend - such a marketing rule.

There is an opinion: “Here I am alone, what is the use then?” But if a person at least rinses the bottle and passes it to the shares or at the collection point, this will already be a huge step. If only because it will attract the attention of other people. I went to school for an extra-curricular ecology lesson and told the children about separate recycling and how to make the planet cleaner. Children of the fourth and fifth grades already well understand the meaning of separate collection of garbage and its processing. It became incomprehensible to me: if children understand, then why adults do not? Perhaps such an irresponsible generation, which should be replaced by growing eco-activists? We asked them why then people do not do this, and the schoolchildren confirmed our theory: people are either lazy or simply do not know where to take the trash.

Authorities can affect the consciousness of citizens and their desire to properly dispose of waste. This cannot rest on activists alone: \u200b\u200bthey simply do not have the opportunity to oversee the whole city. IN european countries long held campaigns to inform the public about how to use the tanks, how to properly sort the garbage. And here they just put it all. One way or another, Russia will come to this, but without the initiative of the state it will take much longer.

The environment has always been a source of resources for mankind, but for a long time its life activity did not have a noticeable effect on nature. Only from the end of the last century, under the influence of economic activity, noticeable changes in the Earth's biosphere began to occur. They have now reached alarming proportions.

Problem scale

The rapid growth of population and the level of consumption of natural resources, the modern pace of material production lead to thoughtless handling of nature. With this attitude, a huge part of the resources taken from nature is returned to it in the form of waste, harmful and unsuitable for further use.

Scientists estimate that 5 tons of garbage are generated daily in the world, while its amount increases annually by 3% in volume. Accumulation of household waste on the surface is harmful the surrounding naturepolluting water, soil and atmosphere and jeopardizes the possibility of the existence of a whole of all life on the planet. Therefore, one of the important issues around the world is the disposal of household waste.

Waste Classification

Household waste can be classified according to several criteria.

So, according to the composition, household waste is conditionally divided into biological residues and non-biological waste (garbage).

rats;
cockroaches.

Cockroaches can be a peddler different kind diseases

Non-biological waste includes:

paper;
plastic;
metal;
textile;
glass;
rubber.

The process of decomposition of these wastes can last about 2-3 years and in most cases is accompanied by the release of toxic substances that harm the environment and humans.

According to the state of aggregation, the waste is divided into:

solid;
liquid;
gaseous;
pastes;
gels;
suspensions;
emulsions.

The waste origin is divided into:

Industrial - a type of household waste resulting from production.
Construction - are formed during construction and installation works, works on the repair of roads, buildings, as well as during their demolition.
Radioactive trash.
Solid household waste (MSW) - is generated in the residential sector, trade enterprises, educational facilities, health care and social welfare.

These are goods that have lost their consumer properties over time and become garbage, and also include road and yard garbage as solid waste.

The most significant part of household waste is precisely MSW. For each type of garbage, there are special ways of disposing of waste.

Waste recycling

The process of disposal of solid waste occurs in several stages:

collection;
transportation;
accommodation;
neutralization;
burial place;
storage;
processing;
disposal.

First of all, the process of disposal of garbage involves its careful sorting. The task of preliminary sorting of waste and its disposal is greatly facilitated by the separate collection of garbage, which is promoted in most European countries.

Waste disposal methods

There are various options for its destruction. So, the main way to dispose of solid waste is burial at special sites (landfills).

At landfills, the destruction of irretrievable waste occurs - the processing of household waste, as a result of which they almost completely cease to exist as waste. The disposal method is not suitable for all types of solid waste, but only for non-combustible waste or for substances that emit toxic substances during combustion.

The advantage of this method is that it does not require significant financial costs and the availability of large tracts of land. But there are drawbacks to the application of this method - this is the accumulation of gas during underground rotting of waste.

Briquetting is a new method of disposal of solid waste that is not yet widely used in practice. It includes preliminary sorting and packing of homogeneous garbage into separate briquettes, and then their storage in specially designated areas (landfills).

Waste briquetting makes it possible to save space

The garbage packaged in this way is pressed, which greatly facilitates its transportation due to a significant reduction in volume.

Briquetted garbage is intended for further processing and possible use for industrial purposes. Along with a method such as the processing of municipal solid waste, when briquetting, they can be transported for disposal or disposal by heat treatment.

In fact, this method is similar to the burial method, but in practice it has several advantages over it. The disadvantages of the method are that the heterogeneity of the waste generated and the preliminary severe pollution in the garbage containers and the change in some components of the waste creates a greater complexity of briquetting.

And the high abrasiveness of components such as stone, sand and glass interfere with the pressing process.

Since these methods of processing waste have a number of drawbacks, despite their cheapness, the best option would be to completely dispose of the garbage during its processing into secondary materials and fuel, as well as its possible reuse.

A new way to recycle

Waste disposal

When disposing of garbage (Latin root utilis - useful), the waste can later be used for various purposes.

Waste to be disposed of includes:

all types of metals;
glass;
polymers;
products from yarn and fabric;
paper;
rubber;
organic household and agricultural waste.

The most efficient disposal method today is recycling.

In other words, recycling is a special case of the concept of “solid waste management”.

During recycling, waste is returned to the process of technogenesis. Two options for waste recycling are possible:

Reuse of waste for its intended purpose after appropriate safe handling and labeling. For example, the reuse of glass and plastic containers.
Return of waste after processing to the production cycle. For example, tin containers - in the production of steel, waste paper - in the production of paper and cardboard.

Some types of waste, which for their intended purpose can no longer be used, are recycled, after which it is more expedient to return them to the production cycle as secondary raw materials. So, part of the waste can be used to produce heat and electricity.

In addition to those already listed, solid waste can be recycled using several more methods. Each of them is applicable for a certain type of waste, and has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Thermal recycling

Thermal processing refers to several methods:

burning;
low temperature pyrolysis;
plasma treatment (high temperature pyrolysis).

The simple waste incineration method is the most common and one of the cheapest methods of waste management. It is during burning that large volumes of garbage are utilized, and the ash formed takes up less space, does not undergo decay processes and does not emit harmful gases into the atmosphere. It is non-toxic and does not require specially equipped burial sites.

The main thing in this method is that when burning waste a large number of thermal energy, which has recently been learned to use for the autonomous operation of enterprises involved in the burning of garbage. And its surplus is redirected to city stations, which makes it possible to provide entire regions with electricity and heat.

The disadvantage of this method is that, when burning, in addition to safe components, smoke is formed, which creates a dense curtain above the earth's surface and leads to a significant violation of the ozone layer of the atmosphere, contributing to its thinning and the formation of ozone holes.

High temperature and low temperature pyrolysis

- This is a process for the gasification of garbage that occurs at a melting temperature higher than in a conventional processing plant (above 900 ° C).

As a result, a glazed product is formed at the output, which is completely harmless and does not require further burial costs. The scheme of this process allows you to get gas from the organic components of the scrap, which is then used to produce electricity and steam.

The main advantage of this method is that it allows you to successfully solve the problem of environmentally friendly disposal of garbage without unnecessary costs for preliminary preparation, sorting, drying.

The advantages of low-temperature pyrolysis (temperature from 450 to 900 ° C) are:

the use for processing of almost all types of household waste, previously carefully selected;
obtaining pyrolysis oils used in the manufacture of plastics;
evolution of pyrolysis gas suitable for further use.

In addition, there is such a method of waste disposal as composting. As most waste is various organic residues, they are subject to rapid decay in the natural environment.

The composting method is based on this property of organic substances. In the composting process, there is not only disposal of a huge part of the garbage polluting the environment, but also in the process it turns out useful for agriculture substances - fertilizers.

The presented methods of waste disposal allow recycling with the least negative impact on environment.

Video: A modern approach to waste disposal

Every gardener or gardener, sooner or later, involuntarily faces the need to get rid of a variety of debris that accumulates in the garden during the season. What to do with it, where to store and how best is a matter that is not customary to talk about, but we will discuss them in this article.

Disposal of waste of everyday life, as well as various construction waste - A real problem for many homeowners. Each of us solves it differently. But it’s one thing to really decide, and quite another to throw garbage into the nearest moat, forest or ravine, turning everything around into a real garbage can filled with plastic bags, glands, glass jars and other waste.

People do not even think about the enormous damage to nature - for now! After some time, such ravines and forests turn into spontaneous dumps, emitting a huge amount of harmful substances that cause irreparable harm to our already imperfect ecology.

Do not forget: for a spontaneously organized dump, the law provides for administrative and even criminal. And the neighborhood with such garbage can not be liked by anyone. But, I think, everyone at least once in their life had to see this unpleasant sight, right? I want to believe that five simple tips from this article will be able to at least slightly change the situation.

We do not live in the Stone Age, so today the most reasonable and easiest way to get rid of is to organize its removal. There are many specialized utilities and various commercial enterprises that for a fee will take out the collection of household waste from your summer house and your neighbors' plots.

In order to order such a service, just open a newspaper or just go online. By concluding an agreement, you can, with a clear conscience, forget about the existence of the problem of garbage in the country. But if for some reason (expensive, unprofitable, and so on) it is impossible to organize the export, you will have to look for other methods - civilized and practical. We’ll talk about them in more detail.

In fact, the problem of waste disposal is much wider than we think. The question is not only how to dispose of this or that garbage, but also where and, in fact, how to properly save it? Anyway, is all the garbage really such?

Thanks to this method of waste disposal, the remaining garbage will take up much less space, and it will be easier to store it.

Construction waste is successfully used in the construction - for, and so on. Moreover, you can use for this not only pieces of brick and blocks, stone stone, the remnants of drywall, lining, siding and glass, but also various metal waste, for example, trimming corners, channels, pipes.

All the same fragments of brick and stone fighting will serve as an excellent - very strong and reliable - foundation for construction.

It is simplest and easiest to store garbage in containers specially adapted for this purpose, which, ideally, should be several - for various kinds waste: construction waste, plastic, glass and household waste.

The volume of containers can be different - this, first of all, depends on the number of people who live in the house. Regardless of the volume, the container must be stable, strong and tight. It is also desirable that it be installed on a concrete site.

Naturally, it is not very pleasant to see the garbage container, so it can be masked by fencing from hedges from ordinary plants and other similar plants.

A large assortment seeds and seedlings of ornamental plants for hedges you can find in our catalog, combining the offers of various garden online stores. .

Removal, processing and disposal of waste from hazard class 1 to 5

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Using this form, you can leave a request for the provision of services, request a commercial offer or receive a free consultation of our specialists.

What is waste disposal? Recycling is a priority for all of humanity.

Along with the growth of the global population and the level of consumption, the amount of household waste in Russia is also growing. In the near future, it can reach alarming proportions. The obvious question arises of liquidation, and ideally subsequent recycling ( reuse) But this is affected by the lack of organizations that are involved in the removal and utilization of household and industrial waste.

Naturally, this problem of household waste disposal cannot be solved at the local level, overcoming them is feasible with the establishment of clear norms and rules, tight control of their implementation at the state level. Legislation regulates the export of household waste, but does not clearly monitor it. Therefore, it is not known whether they will be disposed of or simply stored at landfills, polluting the surrounding lands and residential areas.

Stages of household waste disposal

Before the final elimination of unnecessary residues of human activity, one should clearly know the action plan and present the sequence of their implementation.

Collection and removal of household workings. You can’t just collect and burn all the garbage without sorting. You should first sort it by type; for this, containers with the name of the corresponding garbage are located near most residential areas. Under each such container there should be an appropriate machine for loading and transporting the contents. Separate collection and disposal of garbage is an effective way of collection. How it actually happens can be observed from the side. Often, the same machine cleans all containers, and the efforts of citizens are reduced to zero. Indeed, when you come to the landfill, everything is unloaded in one heap and, at best, sorted in place. And it should be sent to the appropriate places for the disposal or recycling of previously separately collected waste. Therefore, it is so important to develop legal documents that will specify the nuances and suggest solutions that provide for the separate removal and collection of household waste.
Garbage storage. There are special landfills or landfills for the accumulation of garbage, according to city standards, the terms of its maintenance, volumes and the area allocated for them are provided. Naturally, the faster it is disposed of, the less land will be used for it.
Transportation of waste from landfills. Loading mechanisms and machines are needed to deliver garbage to certain places and to enterprises for liquidation.
Disposal It is implemented in each region in its own way, based on existing firms and resources for implementation. In developed countries, there are many ways to dispose of household and industrial waste. Based on their results, and drawing on their experience, you can find the optimal solution in the environmental issue. In the meantime, the most common types are: incineration, burial and briquetting. Each of them has its negative and positive sides. To understand the reasons for this, you need to consider each of the methods separately.

Waste Management Methods

Before using them, one should clearly understand the scale of various garbage stored first in a single apartment, and then in an area, city and in the whole country. It immediately becomes clear that it is necessary to create and master alternative methods for processing this recyclable material, starting with the establishment of sorting and ensuring the proper garbage collection.

Burning

It is a cheap and common disposal option. It can be produced in several ways:

Chamber
Layered
In a fluidized bed

The application of this method is the thermal elimination of industrial waste at a very high temperaturesthat will ensure the burning of industrial waste without residue and partially absorb toxic substances.

The problem of disposal in this way is that residues of substances adversely affect the air nearby this place. Modern industrial incinerators are equipped with cleaning systems, electricity generators. As a rule, the ash remaining after burning industrial raw materials is subjected to further export and disposal.

Advantages of the method:

Low financial costs
The generated heat is used to generate electricity or for heating.
Significant reduction in mining

The main and probably the only drawback is toxicity; therefore, burning is unsafe for the environment. To eliminate this drawback, it is necessary to use gas purification systems emitted during the burning of garbage.

Pyrolysis - thermal decomposition of garbage without air, this method helps to reduce the harm done to the environment.

Burial place

The essence of the procedure is the usual disposal of waste into the ground. This is done at special landfills, the requirements for which are specified in the relevant documents. Landfills provide environmental protection. For such areas, special requirements apply, such as compliance with sanitary rules, as well as SNiP.

The following polygons are allowed:

Outside the Residential Area
Medical institutions
Recreational areas
Water protection zones
Mass recreation areas

Not suitable for disposal at landfills, radioactive, toxic mining, as well as suitable for recycling. As a result of decomposition of burials, harmful gases and vapors are formed. Because of their composition, these formations damage the soil, ground and surface waters, air and human life.

There is the possibility of fires, explosions and, less dangerous, the spread of smell. Based on the foregoing, it is clear that landfill gas also requires collection and disposal, which is practiced at landfills.

Currently, cases of garbage removal and burial at unauthorized landfills are recorded, which is prosecuted by law. It is under this law that the requirements for landfills are clearly regulated.

This method is cheap, but requires land, which subsequently cannot be used for household work. To restore them will require much more money and time than with their pollution.

Composting

The process of decomposition of the organic part of the waste of consumption by microorganisms occurs in two ways:

Aerobic - in the presence of oxygen
Anaerobic - in the absence of oxygen

At the exit, compost is formed - organic fertilizer, and carbon dioxide is also released. The composting area should be sufficiently moist and shady, soil drainage should be provided, i.e. moisture removal.

Advantages:

Easy to implement method
Low cost
Subsequent use of raw materials
The number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is increasing

Disadvantages:

Briquetting

This new method involves first sorting the garbage, then arranging it into briquettes. And then their storage in designated areas. So far, its feasibility has not been fully proven. It serves as the next step before processing and possibly for further industrial applications or is sent for export and burial.