Slide 3

Solve the problem:

• Why is Africa the hottest continent on Earth?
• Why do deserts in Africa occupy such a large area and are located not only inside the continent, but also in the oceanic parts?
• What climatic zones is Africa in?

Slide 4

Slide 5

1. Annual precipitation.
2. Climatic zones.

Slide 6

• Average temperatures of winter and summer.
• Annual precipitation.
• Climatic zones.
• In January:

from +8 С in the north

up to +24 C in the south.

• In July:

from +32 С in the north

up to + 8 C in the south.

• From 3000 mm of precipitation on the west coast of Africa;
• from 1000mm to 2000mm in equatorial Africa;
• Less than 100 mm of precipitation in the region of tropical Africa.

Basic:

• equatorial,
• tropical;
• Transient:
• subequatorial,
• subtropical.

Slide 7

Climatogram analysis plan:

• Look carefully at all the symbols on the diagram (the months of the year are indicated by letters). What can you learn from it?
• Find out the annual temperature variation. What are the average temperatures in July and January? What is the annual temperature range?
• What amount of precipitation is typical for this type of climate? What is the precipitation regime during the year?
• Make a conclusion about the type of climate.

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Working with the climate map

• What are isotherms?
• What is the average July temperature at Lake Chad?
• What is the average January temperature in the Orange River Basin?
• What do the red and black numbers near the city mean on the map?
• Where on the continent falls the most a large number of precipitation?
• Where is the least rainfall?

Slide 13

• Check the answers
• Name the climate of the territory, which has the following features:
• A seasonal change in air masses is characteristic. Winters are dry, summers are humid. The temperature in January is +24 C, in July +30 C. The amount of precipitation is 600-1000 mm.
• The territory is located in an area of \u200b\u200bhigh atmospheric pressure, there is little precipitation (less than 100 mm). The average January air temperature here is +10 C, July +38 C.

Slide 14

Well done!!!

• Subequatorial
• Tropical

Slide 15

• Most of southern Africa is located north of 30 S. In the east, the Mozambique Strait separates the largest on the globe island Madagascar. The South is the most elevated part of Africa, especially its southeastern extremity, where the Drakensberg Mountains belonging to the new folding are located. Various minerals are located here: in the foothill troughs - sedimentary (gold, diamonds, copper), and at the outcrops of crystalline rocks - magmatic (coal, oil, gas).
• In southern Africa, the following types of climate are represented: desert tropical, humid tropical, subequatorial, subtropical Mediterranean and subtropical uniform moisture throughout the year.

Slide 16

Good weather everyone.

View all slides

Climate of Africa Features of the climate. Climatic zones and climate types

The presentation was created by the teacher of geography V.M. Nazarenko. Khartsyzsk secondary school

"Intellect" with in-depth study of individual subjects of the Donetsk People's Republic

C. Anderson on the Namib Desert

It is difficult to find a place in the world that would be more consistent with our ideas about hell.

The spirit of endless loneliness that hovered over this boundless desert made me shudder.

Even death would be better instead of being exiled to this land.

Poetic lines of N. Gumilyov

… And all around on the wide plains, where the grass shelters the giraffe, the gardener of Almighty God in the silvery mantle of wings created the reflection of PARADISE.

Underlying

Geographic latitude

surface

Air circulation

Ocean currents

Remoteness

Terrain relief

from the ocean

I will learn in the lesson

• Why is Africa the hottest continent?

• In what climatic zones is Africa located?

• Why do deserts in Africa occupy a large area and are located not only inside the continent, but also on the ocean?

I will learn in the lesson

Work with climate map of Africa

Analyze climate charts

The task

Answer the question

1.Set the average temperatures of July and January at the equator, North. and Yuzh. Tropics, on the coast Mediterranean Sea and in the extreme south of the mainland.

Why does Africa receive a lot of solar heat?

2. Determine in which parts of Africa the Pole of Heat is located.

Air temperature distribution on the mainland

Output:

• Geographical position African

in a hot heat zone causes a huge amount of solar heat to flow to its surface

The task

Answer the question:

1. Establish in which belts of atmospheric pressure Africa is located.

Why does the equator receive the most precipitation?

2. How precipitation is distributed in belts with high and low atmospheric pressure.

Output:

• In equatorial latitudes, in areas of low atmospheric pressure, heated air rises, forming clouds and precipitation.

• In tropical latitudes, in belts of high atmospheric pressure, downdrafts do not form clouds, precipitation is minimal.

The role of air masses in the formation of the climate in Africa

The task

Answer the question

1. Establish under the influence of which constant winds most of the territory of Africa is located.

Why is the climate drier at the same distance from the equator in northern Africa than in southern?

The role of air masses in shaping the climate of Africa

Output:

• The northeastern trade wind from the deserts of Eurasia is dry.

• The southeast trade wind from the Indian Ocean is humid.

The task

Answer the question

1. Determine the oceanic currents of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans washing the continent.

What is the impact of cold, warm currents on the formation of the climate in Africa?

2. Divide them into two groups - cold and warm.

The role of ocean currents in the formation of the climate in Africa

Output:

• Currents redistribute heat between latitudes .

• Warm currents contribute to the saturation of the air with moisture and the formation of precipitation.

• Cold currents reduce the temperature of dry air in the coastal part of the mainland, create a cloudy landscape .

Assignment: insert missing words .

At the heart of the mainland lies the ancient _______

platform. Here, such relief forms _____ and _____ prevail.

In the northwest and far south towards the platform

adjoin _______ area , to which the mountains correspond ______ ______ _____ .

Answer the question:

How does the relief influence the formation of the climate?

The role of relief in the formation of the climate in Africa

• Plains provide unimpeded passage of air masses over long distances, mountains create a natural barrier for their penetration into the interior of the mainland.

Equatorial belt of Africa

The main features of the equatorial type climate

High air temperatures throughout the year

• High air humidity

Subequatorial belt of Africa

The main signs of subequatorial climate type

There are two seasons - summer wet and winter dry

Tropical belt African

The main features of the tropical type climate

Dry TBMs predominate in the Northern Hemisphere. Here is a tropical desert type of climate.

In the southern hemisphere, wet trade winds blow from the Indian Ocean.

A humid tropical type of climate is formed here.

Subtropical Africa

The main features of the subtropical type climate

Mediterranean type of climate: dry hot summers, humid warm winters.

Southeast Africa is a subtropical climate with uniform moisture.

Knowledge check

The task ... Determine which climatic zone these signs correspond to (cards)

Self-test

Equatorial belt

3, 6, 7, 10

Subequatorial belt

Tropical belt

1, 4, 11

Subtropical belt

2, 12, 13,14

2. Make a comparative description of the climate of the Sahara and Kalahari deserts.

3. Write sinkwine with the word climate.

Back forward

Attention! The slide preview is used for informational purposes only and may not represent all the presentation possibilities. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Lesson specifics: combined. Learning new and creative application of knowledge.

Practical lesson: provides training in methods of solving educational problems, demonstrates the technique of solving or performing educational tasks according to the algorithm of standard and creative thinking.

Equipment: multimedia projector, atlas of geography (grade 7), handouts, reference material.

Objectives: To describe the climate of Africa, based on theoretical knowledge and relying on cartographic skills: to establish the relationship between climate factors, climatic regions and different types of climate. Define key indicators climatic zones Africa.

To develop students' initiative, the ability to listen and hear, the culture of communication, to think and act adequately in a situation of choice.

Goal setting.

Africa is beautiful! We know the geographical position, the relief of the mainland.

But we find it difficult to answer:

Is Africa the hottest continent on Earth? Why does it rain every day at the equator in Africa? Why is there a huge desert in the north of the mainland? What do you need to know to answer these questions?

• Where to start studying the climate of the mainland?
• In what sequence will we study the climate of Africa?
• What maps should be used when describing the climate of the mainland?

We discuss the issues of the topic under study, write it down in the first column of the topic study sheet. The guys can change in pairs if necessary. The study sheet of the topic remains on the desk. We agree in advance.

Knowledge update. They think over the idea of \u200b\u200ba future statement (a series of logical operations from general to specific).

We develop criteria by which we evaluate the story, write them on the board: completeness of content, accuracy, integrity of the story, coherence, etc. We make records in 1 and 2 columns.

New knowledge.

After viewing the slides, work continues with the table. Discussion of the composed stories, according to the criteria. Speeches - report on work.

On the board is a list of types of helper. There are cards on the table. They themselves choose the type of "helper". If you wish, you can not use the "assistant".

Assistant in the study of the topic.

1. Instructions for reading a paragraph: read the paragraph, consider the drawings, divide the text into semantic blocks, highlight the main idea in each block, keywords, match with the content of the second column, fill in the third column, supplementing your story with new knowledge about the climate of Africa.
2. Write questions for each paragraph in the paragraph.
3. Complete the story using other sources of information (on the table, encyclopedias, magazines, reference books).
4. Review the slides again.
5. Make graphic drawings of the climate in Africa. Figures should be briefly annotated.
6. Create a contour map for this topic. The contour map must be legendary.
7. Make a graphical diagram in the third column of the table. The scheme should be clear to everyone.
8. Create a signal card: characteristics of the climatic zone.
9. Fill the table.

Discussion on questions (for understanding).

Securing material of choice. Performing educational tasks according to the algorithm of standard and creative thinking. Work on cards. Each card has detailed instructions.

1. Describe the climate of Africa, using as many verbs as possible.

2. Make a syncwine on the topic. Design it.

3. Determine the climatic zone of Africa by answering these questions:

In which climatic zone of Africa do the deepest rivers flow?

In this climatic zone you can hear the cracking of stones and here the winds "samum" blow.

In this belt of Africa, trees shed their foliage for the winter.

This climatic zone has low atmospheric pressure and a large amount of precipitation that falls evenly throughout the year.

The territory of this belt is located in the tropics. Little precipitation. very hot during the daytime.

In this belt, winters are dry, summers are humid. Precipitation falls in summer.

What climatic zone is the Mediterranean coast in?

Answers: Tropical climatic zone.

Equatorial climatic zone.

Tropical climatic zone.

Subequatorial climatic zone.

Subtropical climatic zone.

4. Prove that Africa is the hottest continent on Earth!

(It receives more solar heat and light than any other mainland.

The sun throughout the year, between the tropics, stands high above the horizon and twice a year at any point is at its zenith. There are no cold climatic zones on the mainland)

Homework... Assignment on the contour map: indicate the boundaries of climatic zones and regions. Answer the question: which of the climatic zones of Africa is the most favorable for the life of animals and humans, and why? Handouts can be taken at home.

Navigating presentation slides.

The African continent crosses the equator, that is, most of it is located between the tropics. Naturally, this situation greatly influenced the climate of Africa. It is also influenced by such climatic factors as trade winds, features of the circulation of air masses, ocean currents and features of the relief of the continent and its latitude.

General characteristics of the climate, in brief

When describing general characteristics climate in Africa, first of all, we must not forget that winter and summer in different hemispheres come in different months:

• north hemisphere : winter in December, January, February;
• southern Hemisphere : winter in June, July, August.

Summer is very hot throughout Africa. The thermometer does not drop below +20 degrees. Winter also does not pretend to be very cold.

Even in the coldest regions South Africa the thermometer does not drop below +8 degrees. Thus, it is not surprising that the lowest position of the sun in this region is similar to the position of the sun in central Russia on the summer solstice.

Fig. 1 Climate of Africa. Climate map

In general, according to its climatic conditions, Africa is very clearly divided into 4 regions:

• North Africa (dry and hot; tropical deserts and dry-loving Mediterranean forests);
• South Africa (dry and hot; tropical deserts);
• Central Africa (moist; equatorial and subequatorial moisture-loving forests);
• East Africa (moderately humid; savannas and woodlands prevail).

Fig. 2 East Africa in summer (savannas and woodlands)

Climate types in Africa

There are several climatic zones in Africa. Since the equator crosses the mainland in half, they are repeated to the north and south of it. So in Africa (judging by the climate map) there are 7 climatic zones (on both sides of the equator):

TOP-4 articleswho read along with this

• equatorial climatic zone;
• two subequatorial belts;
• two tropical zones;
• two subtropical belts.

All climatic zones differ from each other primarily in the amount and mode of precipitation. So in the equatorial and subequatorial zones, 2000-3000 mm of precipitation per year is considered the norm (the wettest place in Africa is at the foot of Mount Cameroon, up to 9,500 mm of precipitation per year can fall here). But in some regions of the subtropics, the norm is 300 mm per year.

Equatorial climate zone

Humid and hot climate. average temperature fluctuates around + 23- + 28, and the daily temperature amplitudes are much more significant than the annual fluctuations. There is a lot of precipitation (up to 2000 mm), they fall evenly throughout the month. You can say. That in this belt there is always one season.

Subequatorial climate zone

In the south and north of the continent, the situation is almost the same. The average temperature is around + 23- + 25. There is a lot of precipitation in summer, less in winter. There is a seasonal change in the movement of air masses, monsoons are frequent. It is in this belt of the African continent that the deepest and longest rivers flow.

Tropical climate zone

In the tropical part of the continent, in the north and south, the situation is somewhat different from each other. Although in both parts of the tropical belt there is dry and hot weather.

There is practically no precipitation in the northern part of the continent. In summer, the temperature can stay at around +40 degrees (the absolute maximum was recorded in the Libyan Desert - +58 degrees), in winter - +18 degrees.

Fig. 3 Libyan desert

IN southern parts colder, more precipitation. In the west (Namib Desert) precipitation is practically absent. Summer and winter temperatures are almost the same (average annual - from +20 to +15 degrees). In the east (Dragon Mountains) humidity is the highest. This is facilitated by the movement of air masses from the equator and their collision with warm aircoming from the ocean.

It is in the tropical zone of both hemispheres that desert areas are concentrated. Due to the absence of clouds, the daily temperature fluctuation in the desert is very high. During the day, the sun can heat sand and stones to a temperature of +70, and at night the whole space cools down and, in some cases, the thermometer can drop below zero. In the deserts, African samum winds often blow, and at night you can hear the cracking of stones.

Subtropical climate zone

If we compare the southeastern and southwestern coasts of Africa, then in the same season, with the same climatic zone, there is a sharp change in climate. The southwest (subtropical Mediterranean climate) has dry and hot summers, while winters are also warm but humid. On the southeast coast, summers are hot and humid (due to warm air masses from the Indian Ocean). And winters are cold and dry (the Cape Mountains prevent the penetration of precipitation).

Table "Characteristics of the climatic zones of Africa" (the data from this table can be used in the 7th grade geography lessons).

The influence of climate on the diversity of natural and flora Africa is obvious. The climate also influenced the pattern of the river network and the regime of rivers. So, where the humidity is higher, the rivers are longer and full-flowing. They feed mainly on precipitation that falls in the form of rain. Inland waters Africa also have a certain impact on the formation of the climate in Africa.

Despite the fact that the African continent has the largest waterless desert in the world in terms of area, it also has the second largest river in the world, the Congo, and the second longest river in the world, the Nile (in terms of fullness and length, the Nile and South American Amazon).

Fig. 4 River Nile, Africa

What have we learned?

The climate in Africa is mostly hot, but humidity, as well as pressure, in different climatic zones are also different. The climate of the mainland is influenced by various climatic factors. The oceans, relief and inland waters play an important role.

Test by topic

Assessment of the report

Average rating: 4.7. Total ratings received: 502.

Geography Grade 7 Date _______________

Lesson topic: "Climate of Africa"

Lesson objectives:

To acquaint students with the climatic zones of Africa - the main and transitional ones, their features and signs.

To develop cognitive interest and geographical thinking, the ability to classify objects, to identify cause-and-effect relationships.

To foster the geographical culture of schoolchildren, the aesthetic perception of geographical objects.

Lesson type: lesson in explaining new material

Forms of organizing educational activities: frontal, individual, steam room

Teaching methods: visual-illustrative, explanatory-illustrative, reproductive, partially - search.

Equipment: multimedia projector, climate map Africa, atlas of geography (7th grade), handouts, reference material, tests to check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic of the lesson.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Preparation for the lesson

What is the peculiarity of the climate in Africa? (Africa is the hottest continent on Earth).
Let's find out why Africa has become the hottest continent? What factors influenced the formation of the climate of this continent?

Open your notebooks and write down the number and topic for today's lesson:
Climate of Africa.

II. Finding a solution

1. - Let's remember the climate-forming factors.(Students name 3 factors, then fill in the table with teacher's comments)

1. The height of the sun above the horizon. Almost all of Africa is located in low latitudes. Most of the mainland lies between the 2 tropics (23.3 gr.) Twice a year the sun in these areas is at its zenith. And its lowest midday position is about the same as in Moscow on the summer solstice.

2. Name the 2nd factor. ( Underlying surface).
3. The third factor: ( Air currents)

2. Climatic factors influenced the climate of the continent. Let us find out in which climatic zones Africa lies (map of the designation of climatic zones). Name the main and transitional ones.

3. Each climatic zone has its own air masses... Let's establish a correspondence between the climatic zone and air masses. (1 student works at the blackboard)

4. Let's characterize the features of each climatic zone according to the scheme.

Characteristics of climatic zones

Output: There are no cold climatic zones on mainland Africa.

III. Knowledge check

Test.Determine which climatic zone these signs correspond to.

1. Occupies a strip between 20 ° N. sh. and 20 ° S. sh.
2. Located in the tropics.
3. Occupies the basin of the Congo River and the coast of the Gulf of Guinea.
4. Lies in the very north and in the very south of the mainland.
5. Only one season is summer.
6. Weather all year round hot and dry.
7. Summers are hot and dry, winters are warm and humid.
8. Two seasons - wet and dry.
9. It almost always rains in the afternoon.
10. There is little rainfall all year round.

The key to the test
A) 3, 5, 9;
B) 1, 8;
B) 2, 6, 10;
D) 4, 7.

IV. Lesson summary.

Africa is the hottest continent because ...

Most of the mainland is located in the ___________ belt, where the sun occurs at _____________.

Average monthly temperature not less ____________.

The highest temperature recorded was ____________.

V. Homework:

1) paragraph 26,
2) task on the contour map: indicate the boundaries of climatic zones
3) creative task: answer the question:which of the climatic zones is the most favorable for human life and why?