The Gibbon Family is represented by one way:
Rod: Hylobates Illiger, 1811 \u003d (Real) Gibments
In kind there are 9 species
Brief description of the family
The size of the smallest in the family. Gibbon body length 45-90 cm. Regular weight - 8 to 13 kg. The body of gibbons is quite grasiosis. The forelimbs are very elongated. Siamangs on the hind limbs of the second and the third fingers are growing greatly. There are small sciatic corn.
The first finger of the brush is quite long. The wrist has a central bone. Outdoor nose is well developed. Siamangs have a minor shock, which is covered with hairless skin outside. The bag is a thin-walled protrusion of the mucous membrane of the larynx. When an animal shouts, the bag is very inflated and significantly enhances the sound.
The hair cover is thick, the color is very much varies from the black or brown to dark yellow, almost cream or whitish. White Gruce Gibbon Brushes and Foot White and Person is surrounded by white hair. The monochrome gibbon has the hair on the top of the head vertically, forming a kind of comb.
Inhabitants of thick rainforests - up to about 2400 m above sea level. Heavy lifestyle leads, rarely descend to Earth. Food primarily vegetable objects (leaves, fruits), but also eat various invertebrates and vertebrate animals (insects, spiders, chicks and eggs of birds). According to branches, the gibbons are moving through brachia. It is held by small groups of 2-6 individuals, as a rule, representing a separate family. Pregnancy 200-212 days. In the litter usually one young. Coolness occurs in 6-10 years. In captivity they lived until 23 years.
Gibments are common in Assama, Burma, Yunnani, on Penasika, Hainani, Tenasserim, Thailand, on the Malaccian Peninsula, O-Wah Sumatra, Mentai, Java and Kalimantane.
These are small, graceful addition of the monkey, the foreheads are longer than the rear, the wool is thick, palms, soles, ears and face of bare. There are small sciatic corns. The fingers are long, the first finger is well opposed to the rest. Distributed in India, Indoise, on Java, Sumatra, Kalimantane, Malacca Peninsula. All of them are woody, inhabitants of the rainforest with a characteristic way of movement - brachia: alternately intercepting the hands of the tree branches, they fly from the tree to the tree for a distance of up to fifteen meters. They can walk on the ground on two legs, balancing their hands. Some gibbs are marked by sexual dimorphism in hair color, for example, the males of one-color gibbon black, and the females are light-going. Another feature of the Gibbon - family lifeAt the same time, each family has its own territory and echoes other families. This behavior is called "singing" or "choras" of gibbones; The initiator of singing is, as a rule, the male, then the entire family is connected to it. Surroundless Gibments - Siamangs - there are even special thorny voice bags - resonators for amplifying sound.
Gibbon family
In no group of monkeys, the development of the forelimbs does not achieve such an extent as gibbons, or long-term monkeys. They fully worry their name, for their unusually elongated hands reach the earth when the animal holds vertically. This feature would be enough to distinguish long monkeys from all other genera of this detachment.
Gibments form a rather extensive genus of man-like monkeys *; It is known about seven species that must be counted to this family.
* Gibbon family (Hylobatidae) and man-like monkeys (Hominidae) make up a special group Hominoidea, or the highest of their cloth monkeys. Lines of gibbons and large humanlike divided about 10 million years ago.
All of them are Asians and belong exclusively to East India, as well as the closest of the big Stern Islands: Sumatra, Java and Borneo. Related species reaches quite a significant value, although none does not exceed one meter in height. Their body, despite the strong and convex chest, seems very thin, as the groin area is sophisticated, like a dog's dog; The hind limbs are significantly shorter than the front, long hands in some species are still different in the fact that the index finger will be partly growing with Average **.
* * The proportions of the legs and the body of gibbons are similar to human. The index finger struggles with the average not in hand, but on the legs only in one species of Siamanga.
Head is small and egg-shaped; face personally; Sedalized corn are small, and the tail is impaired. The body of gibbones is covered with thick and soft, like silk, fur that happens black, brown, brown-gray and straw yellow. All gibbons possess an extremely loud voice and especially eagerly make screams in the morning.
Siamanang (Hylobates SYNDACTYLUS) is the largest of all long-term monkeys; It also differs in the fact that his hands are relatively less long than other species. "His appearance," said Duvosel, "it will not be ugroen because his low forehead will be so lazy that instead of him only the arc arcs are deeply sitting in orbits, the nose seems wide and flat, directed to the sides of the nostrils are very high; mouth opens almost before the founding of the jaws. If we still remember the big naked Gundy Siamanga bag, which festers on the front side of the neck in the form of a dirty and sneaking goiter and inflates when screaming, about the curves of limbs adding inside, which the animal always keeps bent, about the temples left under outstanding Fights, and about the underdeveloped chin, you will have to say that our monkey does not belong to the most beautiful representatives of your squad. The thick fur covering the body, completely black, consists of long, soft and shiny hair; only eyebrows are red-brown. Hair At the forearm, directed up, on the shoulder - down, so that they are as if closed. " Albinos meet. Bokok once received one live albino of this species. Adult males reach one meter in height, and their hands are almost twice as much.
Siamang is found usually in the forests of Sumatra, experienced researchers observed him both in captivity and freedom. However, the indication of Gelferus that Siamanang meets even in South Tenasserim, as well as the instructions of Welles, that it is found on the Malacca Peninsula, questioned by Blanford *.
* In addition to Sumatra Siamanga really dwell on the Malacca Peninsula.
The most characteristic representative of the family is khulic, or Belobrow Gibbon (Hylobates Hoolok), a long-time monkey, about 0.9 m high, without a gentle bag and with loose fingers of the hind limbs. Her fur, except for white lubrication on the forehead, coal-black; Young black and brown; limb middle line Along the back of the ash-gray. In Blagford, however, there are often light-colored chullys of both sexes - from browning and black to yellowish gray. Sedalized corn clearly noticeable. The little girl lives in Indochier and is found, in Blagford, in woody mountainous areas south of Assam on all Arachan, and on Anderson, to Vartabon. Its distribution in the East is reliably unknown; Not far from Bhamo in the Valley Iravadi, he is still found **.
* * Distributed in Burma, Assam and North-West Indochina.
Belorussian Gibbon, or Lahr (Hylobates LAR), approximately the same magnitude as a khulic, black and gray, with red-brown buttocks, bodied white hair; Hands and legs of light color, face on bare parts of black, bodied by a collar of whitish hair. Common color ranges from black to yellowish-white; Safety animals, as they say, are much more common than that of Chuloka, and in some localities they prevail. The fatherland should be considered the Peninsula Malacca *** and Tenasserim, where he lives up to 1100 meters above sea level. Tikkel argues that Lar is found to the northern border Pega, and Anderson says that he is found even in Arachan. The spread of Lara in the East is unknown. However, he lives probably in Siam; Bokok, unfortunately, does not call the types of gibbons, which he watched herds in Mekong.
* * * Dwells throughout Indochka, Thailand, Malacca, in the Chinese province Yunnan and north Sumatra. In the mountain rises to 2400 m.
Finally, fast, or black gibbon (Hylobates Agilis), by cater, is found next to Lar and on the Malacca Peninsula. Has a naked bluish-black face (the female it is with a brown tint) and a long, thick fur, the color of which on the head, belly and the inside of the hands and the hips black, above the shoulders and to the neck gradually becomes lighter, and in the groin goes into the pale The brown, meanwhile, as the rear side to the knee joints is painted in a mixture of white and reddish color.
Hands and legs are dark brown. The female is lighter, the beard on the cheeks is less long than the male, although still quite large, so the head is more in the width; Young monochrome young - yellowish-white.
The structure of the body of long, monkeys is intended for lasagna. They have everything necessary for rapid, prolonged and dexterous lasagna and jumping. The volume of the chest accommodates large lungs, which are not tired, do not refuse to serve if the rapid movement will be bled; Strong hind limbs deliver the necessary strength for large jumps; Long forelimbs give animal the opportunity with great confidence to grab the branches, which should serve as a new point of support, with shorter hands it would be easy to miss. As far as these hands are long, it becomes clear everything when compared. The scope of the hands of a person, as is known, is equal to its growth, and the scope of the Gibbon's hand almost twice the length of his body; A man standing straight, barely touches his knees with his hands, the Gibbone is the steps. It is clear that such hands are almost unsuitable for walking: they are adapted only for lasagna. Therefore, the walking of long monkeys is a pathetic picking on the hind legs, the hemless body handling, which is held in equilibrium only with elongated hands; But the climbing and jumping on the branches is obtained from these animals easily and deftly. There are no borders for these movements, they will not depend on the law of gravity. Gibments on Earth are slow, clumsy, awkwards, in short, - they are strangers on earth; The branches represent the contrary to the opposite - these are real birds in the image of monkeys *.
* Gibments perfectly mastered a special type of brachia movement. at which the main "engine" serve hands. Perhaps, of all primates, they are most specialized in the rapid movement in Krona. There they are capable of performing jumps up to 15 m. The method of moving gibbons, whether in captivity or in nature, invariably causes a feeling of admiration for observers. Nevertheless, judging by the solar fractures of the limbs found in 70% monkeys, the art of brachia is given gibbons not easy: there are also drops from a high height.
If the gorilla is Hercules among monkeys, then the gibbon can be compared with light mercury; No wonder one of them is LAR - named in memory of the beloved Mercury, beautiful, but the chatty Niaja Lara, who his restlessly opened the anger of Jupiter, but the love of Mercury deserves beauty and, thanks to this, escaped hell.
Lar lives herds from 6-20 individuals, young and old of both sex together. In its nature, it looks like a chouloca, but, by tickel, not so moving and trap as the last. He drinks differently, as well as Siamang: scums the water with his hand and lifts the drops that flow from the fingers. His cry, judging by the descriptions, is completely different from the crock of the choulok. LAR to such an extent enjoys on the branches of trees exclusively by the front limbs that all sorts of items that he wants to carry with him holds the rear limbs, especially the fruits, which, running away, drags into a safe place.
Most clumsy moving in accordance with your external species Siamanng, he not only walks slowly, but also climbs out somewhat uncertain and only in jumper detects his dexterity. But the remaining species can only move on Earth. "In a room or in a flat place, Garlan said about the khulocker, - they go on the hind legs and hold fairly well the balance, and the hands are rising even above the head, slightly bend hands in a custody and elbow articulations and then quickly run, swaying to the right And left. If they encourage them to a faster movement, they lower their arms to the ground and move faster, leaning on them. They jump more than run, but all the time hold pretty straight "1. The remaining types of body seems not only too long, but also too heavy for short and thin hips, and therefore the monkeys are leaning forward and use both hands when they walk like crutches. "Thus, they move forward with purses, like a making an old man who is afraid of strong voltage on crutches." The exact opposite impression is produced when they climb. All observers are unanimously surprised by the art and the agility that long-term monkeys on the branches are found.
With incredible speed and confidence, quick gibbon is closed, in a duof, on a bamboo barrel, a top of a tree or a branch, swinging on it several times up and down or back and forth and then easily rushes, using the elasticity of the swinging branch. It flies as if an arrow or obliquely descending bird, a distance of 12-13 meters several times in a row. It can be assumed that the consciousness of its unattainable for other animal art gives him great pleasure. He jumps without needing through the obstacles that could easily get around, changes the direction during the jump and hangs on the first branches you like, like an acrobat, tumbling and swinging on it, quickly rises, swing up and down and again rushes into the air, with confidence Sticky K. new goal. It seems as if he possesses magical forces, can fly without having wings, more lives in the air than on the branches. What is needed by such a gifted being the earth? She is alien to him, like he; The Earth delivers him only a refreshing drink, and, thoroughly, Gibbon returns to his air kingdom again. Here he is at home; Here it enjoys peace, peace, security; Here he can neglect enemies or run away from them; Here he can live and enjoy his light movements.
Some observers compare the movements of living on the freedom of long-lasting monkeys with flight of swallows. Especially wonderful observation G. O. Forbes over Siamang. He says: "I think it's wrong that these monkeys jump from a tree on a tree at such long distances, as they are usually said. I happened to see that the flock of Siamangs got sliced \u200b\u200bfrom the nearest trees only with a distance of 30 feet; when Each blows of the ax in the greatest fear climbed on the tree up and down and did not dare to jump through this gap; when the tree began to fall, they didn't even decide to jump off him, and they were crushed at the fall. " Of this, however, it is impossible to conclude that Siamanga cannot be transferred across a distance of 12 meters, especially partitioned down; It is possible that they, frightened and confused with their extraordinary and dangerous position, and did not think about to escape in the usual way. Wellles, however, also says that Siamang moves much slower than other gibbons and does not like "huge jumps", but still indicates that he "is given there and here between far standing friend From a friend trees. "
Observation of these animals on freedom has its difficulties, since almost all types of long-term monkeys avoid a person and only occasionally approach forest glades. "They live for the most part," says Duvosel about Siamanga, - by numerous herds under the leadership of the leader, who, according to Malaysev, is impossible to hurt. If they are forced by surprise on earth, you can catch it, because or a fear leads them to stagnation, or They themselves feel their weakness on Earth and conscious of the impossibility of flight. No matter how many flocks, it always leaves the wounded friend, at least the case went about the whole young. Mother, however, grabs the cub, trying to run, sometimes falls down with him, Then he emits a loud horde cry and with a bloated gentle bag and threateningly placed hands lights up the road to the enemy. But maternal love is manifested not only at the moment of danger. It happened sometimes to observe an interesting sight when the mother brought his baby to the river, soap, despite their screams, then diligently wiped and dried, and in general they cared for their purity, that such a care can be watious and some human children. M The Alycs told Diarda, and he later confirmed this with his own supervision, which is still incapable of the young people always wears and drives one of the parents, which is the same sex with a young: young male fellow, female - mother *.
* Gibbons of Monogama, live by small family groups consisting of a couple and their midstranger. The couple is created for a long time, the young male is cautious for a female from another group. The family has a territory from 5 to 40 hectares, the boundaries of the site are protected from the invasion of their neighbors with shouts and demonstrative pose. One of the trees on the plot serves as a place of permanent night. Gibbons nests do not build, sleep sitting squatting on the branch in the trunk, clasping his head with his hands. Thanks to the thick wool, the risk of glowing in the rain is small. Feed fruits, leaves, shoots. Cubs are usually born once every 2-3 years. Pregnancy lasts 200-225 days. The female leaves a young in 2 years (usually the youngest) appears by this time), and the offspring goes entirely to the care of the father. Halfood is assumed in 6-10 years. Females from Gibbones are more initiative and play the family of the leader's role.
About Chuloka We also have quite detailed stories. These monkeys, according to Garlane, hold predominantly at low mountains, as they do not bring cold. Their food consists of fruits, however, they eat some herbs, the lower branches of trees and other parts of the plants; They chew them, swallow juice, and throw out the overwhelming mass. Blogford reports that kuloki, like all monkeys, willingly devour insects, especially spiders, as well as eggs and, of course, young birds, and maybe in general all the birds, which only they manage to catch. He even tells about the fast Gibbon that he knows how to catch birds on the fly. Ovena, who lived for almost two years in the homeland of Chulokov, these monkeys gather in the forests in society from 50 to 100 individuals; Old males, according to Blavford, are separated from herd and live separately, which is often found in many mammals. Customly kulokov notice on the tops of those trees, the fruits of which are especially loved, but sometimes they come across the paths from the dense forest to open glads. Once, Aries suddenly met the herd of these animals, which was fun to amused, but when he approached, immediately raised his alarm and ran into bamboo tags; Another time, he, passing one at the newly laid road, suddenly saw that he was surrounded by a big flock of these monkeys, which seemed astonished and even more angry in that some strangely dressed creature penetrated into their kingdom. When the person approaches, the kuloki is generally run away with possible hasty, why to see them can be rarely. They, as Gaskerl told me, as cautious, as curious, and therefore are often shown on the edge of the open space cut down as arable land in areas where they are not yet frightened by hunters; But since it is soon noted that they are observed or approaching them, they are instantly hidden, and after that monkeys are not so easy to see. But their voices have to hear more often. When sunrise and sunset, they raise such a terrible cry that you can get sick, being close, and get frightened, if there is no habit of this strange "music". These are the revolves of the old world; They will be the inhabitants of the Malay Mountains and at the same time annoying citizens who poison rest on the cottages. They say that their cry can be heard at the distance of the English mile. It was often necessary to hear the cry of long-term monkeys contained in captivity, moreover, both having a gentle bags and those that are deprived of these appendages that enhance the voice. One experienced observer, Bennette, kept the live Siamanga and noticed that if he was excited something, he pulled his lips to the funnel, filled his alternate bag and then shouted almost like turkey. It shouted equally with joyful, and with angry excitation *.
* Gibments The only mammals, except for a person who can make pure melodic sounds. The morning choral singing of the Gibbon family is used to marking the territory and combining members of the group. The initiator of the "concert" is the male. Other family members pick up the "melody" by the voices of different tonality. "Songs" of some species are up to 90 "knees" consisting of several signals of different colors and timbre. Vocalization of gibbones depends on the weather, time of day, individual features and "moods" singers.
Regarding mental abilities of long-term monkeys, observers are different. Duvosel speaks very badly about Siamang: "Its slowness, obscenity and stupidity remain unchanged. True, under the rule of man, he soon becomes as short as he was as wildly, and as trusting, as far as the feasible, but always remains more fearful, than other species; he never is attached to a person as those and its humility is rather due to the inexpressible indifference than acquired trust. It remains the same as with good and in bad handling; gratitude and hatred, apparently for Him alien. His external feelings are weak. If he considers something, it is indifferent; if he is feeling, it is mechanically. This is a creature, devoid of any abilities, if you arrange the animal kingdom to the degree of development of the mind, he would have to take one of the most recent places . For the most part, he sits raisingly, clasping himself with long hands and hiding his head between the thighs and rests or sleeps. Only time from in The belt comes out of this state and interrupts a long silence of an unpleasant meaningless cry who does not express feelings or any need. Even hunger, it seems, does not awaken it from natural drowsiness. In captivity, he indifferently takes food, without greed brings her to her mouth and even makes it possible to take it. He drinks in such a way that corresponds to the rest of it to drugs: immerses the fingers into the water and sucks on them drops. "Bokka also calls Siamanga" Lazy and stupid in captivity; He does not detect a funny life characteristic of other monkeys and, apparently, loses its understanding. "Such observations should not be made over individual animals, however, to attach too much importance, especially since other observers, if not talking about the opposite, then all They respond about our monkeys much more supportal.
Welleles exhibits Siamanga in a more favorable light. "I bought," he says, "the little long-time monkey of this species that the natives caught and so tied up that they even packed her. At first, Siamanang was pretty Dick and wanted to bite, but when we unleashed it and provided him for gymnastic exercises two poles. Under the carport of the house, and then tied it with a short rope to the ring freely moving on the six, so that he could walk and climb back and forth, he soon calmed down, took a satisfied look and became very agile jumping there and here. At first, Siamang showed me Antipathy, which I tried to eliminate the fact that he always fed him. But once during the feeding, he bit me so much that I left patience and hit him very much. In this I had to repent, because after that he began to treat me Even worse. My Malitz boy was allowed to play with him; these games, as well as their own exercises, ease and agility, he delivered the surrounding great pleasure. When I returned to Sin Gapur, Siamang attracted the overall attention. He ate almost all kinds of fruits and rice, and I was hoping that he would be able to transport him to England. But he died before the december "*.
* In captivity, the gibbons are quite intelligent and funny, they have rich facial expressions and voice signals. Capable to use tools of stick, rope. These gentle primates are susceptible to infectious diseases, although they can play open enclosures at 15-degree frost. Cases of life expectancy are noted in captivity up to 31 years. At the same time, due to the difficulties in the selection of pairs, breeding gibbons is extremely difficult. Often, incompatibility between candidates for family education arises, and the offspring cannot be obtained. In nature, the area is reduced and the number of majority of gibbons due to hunting and cutting down forests.
This story has a completely different tone than the story of a duvosel, and more consistent with what we know about the rest of the long monkeys. One khulic, whom Garlan kept his alive for five months, became less than a month so manual, which walked, holding one hand for the hand of the owner, and the other - relying about the Earth. "For my call," Gorlan says, "he came, he sat down near me on a chair to breakfast with me, and he took eggs from the plate or wing chicken, not a stupid tablecloth. He drank also coffee, chocolate, milk, tea; although It usually drank, immersing a hand into a liquid, but, feeling a strong thirst, I took a vessel in both hands and drank out of it, like people. His favorite dishes were: boiled rice, operated in milk bread, bananas, oranges, sugar, etc. . Bananas he loved very much, but eagerly ate and insects, I found out in the house of spiders and deftly caught the right hand of flies. Like the Hindus who avoid eating meat because of religious motives, this gibbon appeared, apparently, also dictated a disgust. "
In general, Gibbones rarely have to see even in their homeland. They cannot make a loss of freedom, passionately seek back into their forests, to quick movements on freedom, are getting quieter and sad and finally dying.
Life of animals. - M.: State Publishing House Geographical Literature. A. Brem. 1958.
The natural range of Belarusian gibbons is spread out of Southwestern China and East Myanmar through Laos and Thailand to the Malay Peninsula. He is also found in the north-west of the island of Sumatra and on the island of Java. Dwells in wet tropical forestsBut you can also meet them in dry forests, rises in the mountains to 1200 m above sea level.
The color of the wool of white gibbon varies from black and dark brown to light brown and sandy. His hands and legs are painted in white, as well as hair framing his black face. And males, and females can meet in different colors. The thick fur protects perfectly from the cold during the rainy season. Both sex almost do not differ from each other in magnitude. Like all gibbons, they have very long and strong hands, light and slender body, there is no tail. Insofar as most The lives of gibbons spend on the trees, their hands with long and narrow five-plated palms are much longer legs. They allow Gibbon easily to jumble from the branch branch. Facial part of the head hairless; Black leather faces bored wool. On the face there are close-lined eyes with brown rainbones. Such an eye location provides good binocular vision, and primacy is perfectly oriented in dense crowns of trees.
Belarusian gibbons are active during the daytime. With the help of their strong and long hands, they move on the branches by brachia, that is, swinging on her hands from one bitch to another. On earth they are quite rare. Belarusian gibbons lead a monogamous lifestyle and couples remain with each other all their lives. Family groups live in clearly defined areas, which they prevent other gibbons with singing. Their food consists mainly of fruits (50%), complemented by leaves (29%), kidneys and insects (20%).
In the issue of reproduction, the Belarusian gibbons differ little from other types of families. The breeding season lasts round yearBut mostly mating takes place in March, in a dry season. The birthday peak falls on October, the rainy season. After the past seven months of pregnancy, it is born on one cub. For two years after birth, it feeds on Mother's milk and remains in the family up to the achievement of puberty in eight years. The average life expectancy of Belarusian gibbons is approximately 25 years.
Borenesky Beloborogery Gibbon
Bornean White-Bearded Gibbon
(Hylobates Albibarbis)
Common only in the southern part of Borneo Island (Kalimantan). It dwells in evergreen tropical forests at an altitude of up to 1200 m above sea level.
Leads daily woody lifestyle. The size of the individual section is 28-45 hectares.
Black Gibbon.
Dark-Handed Gibbon
(Hylobates Agilis)
The south of Lake Toba is spread on the island of Sumatra, also a small population is on the Malacca Peninsula on the border between Malaysia and Thailand. Inhabited tropical forests.
The color of the wool varies from black to red-brown, black hand brushes, white forehead. The males are somewhat larger than females and can have white wool on the cheeks. The length of the body is 44-63.5 cm, with a mass - 4-6 kg. The tail is missing.
Gibbon Muller.
Muller "S Gibbon
(Hylobates Muelleri)
Common in the north and east of Borneo Island (Kalimantan). Inhabits tropical forests at an altitude of up to 1500 m above sea level.
Wool color gray or light brown. The mass of the body is about 5.7 kg.
Silver Gibbone
Silvery Gibbon.
(Hylobates Moloch)
Common in the western part of the island of Java. Inhabited tropical forests.
This gibbon has a bluish-gray wool color. The average body weight is 8 kg.
The female creates offspring every 3 years. Pregnancy lasts about 7 months, after which one young is born. The female cares for the kid for 18 months. Young Gibbon remains in a family group up to 8 years, until it reaches half-breeding.
Campuchean Gibbon
Pileated Gibbon.
(Hylobates Pileatus)
Distributed in Southeast Thailand, South Laos and Northwest Campucia.
The males of this type of gibbones have a black color, while the females are painted in light brown color with a black "cap" on the head. Around the face there is a white hair ring.
Gibbon Kloss
Kloss "S Gibbon
(Hylobates Klossii)
It dwells only on the four mentai islands, which are southwest from the island of Sumatra.
It has absolutely black color. Reaches 44-63 cm long, with a body weight about 6 kg.
Siamanang
Siamang.
Symphalangus Syndactylus)
Distributed in the south of the Malay Peninsula and on the island of Sumatra.
Siamanga's growth ranges from 75 to 90 cm, and weight from 8 to 13 kg, so that it is the largest and heavy of all gibbon. Its wool is painted in black, and his hands are extremely long and can reach a scope of 1.5 meters. These monkeys have a throat bag, serving a resonator when singing. Due to this, the singing of Siamangs is heard for 3-4 kilometers. A throat bag in females and males always naked. The diploid set of chromosomes is 50.
Siamanga is active in the afternoon and live in thick rainforests, spending most of the trees. With the help of his long hands, Siamanga acrobatically swinging from branches on the branch. They also swim very well (exception among gibbon). Like all the gibbons, they live monoga. Each couple lives in its own area, which she hard protects against strangers. Siamang food consists mainly of foliage and fruit, sometimes they also eat bird eggs and small vertebrates.
After the seven-month pregnancy, the female gives birth to a single cub. For almost two years, it feeds on Mother's milk and becomes half to seven years old.
Western Khulok.
Western Hoolock Gibbon.
(HOOLOCK HOOLOCK)
Completed in Northeast India (Assam), Bangladesh and Western Burma. It is found not only in the evergreen tropical forest, but also in a mixed leaf fall forest, inhabiting habitats from 80 to 1500 m above sea level. In mangrove swamp forests, these gibbons are absent.
The length of the body is from 46 to 64 cm, sometimes up to 90 cm, the weight of females - 6-6.6 kg, males - from 6.1 to 7.9 kg, maximum - 8.5 kg. Wool is long, thick. Adult males black coat with clear white eyebrows. The males have a long sex brush. A white strip of eyebrows is almost whole, and a beard and sex brushes are usually black or with a weak gray shade. The color of the wool of adult females is strongly contrasted with painting adult males. Females have beige or gray-yellow wool. Cheeks and abdominal area - often darker brown color.
Gibbon Khulic - wood monkey, it is really an acrobatic animal. Features The structure of its limbs provide the possibility of gibbon to make huge jumps on the trees. For them, it is not a problem to make a 11-meter length jump from one tree to another. The kully has extremely long arms and relatively long legs. Hands in shape resemble a hook and play an important role in movement in trees. In the upper tier, the trees of the Khulice sleeps or resting, basking in the sun, the middle and lower tiers provide ways of movement and food. This gibbon with disgust refers to large reservoirs, although it can swim well. The fun day animal, although during the hottest hours of the day, descends into a lower tier, occupying more shady trees, where he rests in the shade. When their habitat is fragmented and food trees are isolated, the gibbons are forced to cross open flames. For this, the kulok descend to the ground, on which they go vertically, holding their hands high above their heads to maintain balance.
Gibments of a khulic - social animals living with groups consisting of 2 to 6 members. At the same time, there are deep social obligations between members of the group, such as care, game, and warming in the sun. The group is especially characterized by parent-child relationships. Usually, the group is booming the male and female, constituting the marriage pair and their multi-army unheated young. Like other gibbons, kuloki territorial. Each family group takes a home area of \u200b\u200babout 14-55 hectares. The whole group, usually sleeping on one tree or is located on two or more different trees. At night, nests are not built. Sleeping a khulian in a sitting pose, with his head hidden between his knees. When he is alarmed, immediately hidden in foliage. Each group hunts within its own area, where they should be through the top of the tree every day on certain routes. Like other gibbons, they have favorite woody paths through the crowns of the trees that they use more often than others. These paths can be traced according to the state of the branches. On average, the group covers about 600-1200 m. Gibments of the khulic protect their territory from the invasion of other gibbons with loud and frequent territorial songs and are actively pursued by single-lonely invading territory. Aggression and conflicts between groups usually take place in those parts of the family site, where the territories of two or more groups are partially overlapping.
The menstrual cycles have an average duration of 28 days, and the mating at Chulok is more often observed in March-May. The pregnancy period is about 7 months; The birth of young people falls for the winter: from November to February - March. Intervals between births - usually 2-3 years. Young gibbons are born with actually hairless abdominal parts and fully depend on maternal heat. Newborn Huloka wool has a milk white color. During the first half of the first year of life, the color varies on black; Only whiteness remains on the eyebrows. Young gibbons then resemble adult males in their fur color. Young females return to beige coloring, only when they reach puberty. The color change time takes several months. Parental-children's relationship The gibbons of the killers are very strong. Mother protects the baby from other members of the group as well as animals of other groups. A growing kid who spends his time on the feed and the game with other members of the group, always returns to sleep for his mother, until another baby is born. Care for the young lasts about two years. Young gibbons leave their native group when they are getting warm in 7-10 years.
Eastern Khulok.
Eastern Hoolock Gibbon.
(HOOLOCK LEUCONEDYS)
This gibbon spread in southern China in the south of Yunnan Province and East Burma.
East Chulok, white strips of eyebrows are well separated between themselves with black hair, and both beard, located on the chin, and the floor brushes have a shade of whitish or buffalo skin.
Black Crested Gibbon.
Black Crested Gibbon.
(Nomascus Concolor)
Common in South China (Yunnan Province), North Vietnam and North-West Laos. Inhabited tropical and subtropical mountain forests at an altitude of 2100-2400 m above sea level.
The body length is 43-54 cm, with a mass - 7-10 kg. The males are completely black, sometimes there are individuals with white cheeks, females - light brown with a black stripe on the head.
These gibbons live with family groups consisting of a monogamous pair and its offspring. Sometimes there are groups with several adult females. Food preferably ripe, with a high content of sugar fruit, sometimes eating buds of trees, animal food is extremely rare in their diet.
Eastern Black Crested Gibbon
Eastern Black Crested Gibbon
(Nomascus Nasutus)
A small population of these gibbones lives in a limited territory of Southeast China and Northeast Vietnam. Inhabits tropical forests at an altitude of 640-800 m above sea level.
This species was considered extinct, but in 2002 several groups of these gibbones were found with a total number of 35-37 individuals.
Northern Belarusian Gibbon
Northern White-Cheeked Gibbon
(Nomascus Leucogeenys)
Common in North Vietnam and North Laos. Inhabited tropical evergreen forests at an altitude of 200-1650 m above sea level.
For this type of gibbones is characterized by sexual dimorphism. Wool of males black, except for white cheeks and a beam of hair on the painter. The females are painted in a reddish-brown color, with a black stripe from a crown to a nape. Comb on the head in females is missing. The males are somewhat larger than females.
Walls wood lifestyle. The base of the diet is fruits, leaves and flowers of some trees. However, 10% of the diet falls on insects and other small animals. Northern bakery gibbons live in groups of 6 individuals on their own territory. Active in the afternoon, at night they sleep in crowns of trees. These gibbons have the most diverse set of voice signals among gibbone. The voices of females differ significantly from the voices of males.
Pregnancy lasts 200-212 days. At birth, young people have light yellow wool and weigh around 480 g. To one year, the young of both sexes acquire a black painting with white wool on the cheeks. Its adult color is acquired at the age of 4-5 years. Sexual maturity reaches in 7-8 years. Life expectancy in nature is about 28 years.
Southern Belt Gibbone
Southern WHITE-Cheeked Gibbon
(Nomascus Siki)
Common in Central Vietnam and East Laos. Inhabits low-alberty rainforest.
Unlike its northern congor at the southern bakery gibbon, white spots on the cheeks in males reach the corners of the mouth.
Zheroshoskiy Gibbon
Yellow-Cheeked Gibbon
(Nomascus Gabriellae)
Common in Northeast Cambodia, South Vietnam and South Laos. Inhabited tropical forests.
The males have a black painting with yellow spots on the cheeks, the females are painted in a reddish-brown color with a black stripe from a crown to a nape.
Golden Gibbone
Buffed-Cheeked Gibbon
(Nomascus Annamensis)
This species was recently discovered in tropical forests on the border of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.
The male of this gibbon has black wool with silver tint. Brown chest, cheeks - golden orange. The females have an orange-beige color, the black strip on the top is missing.
Learn all important about Gibbon, watch photo of Gibbon and learn about life
Gibments in nature you can read this article about the family of primates,
Under the name Gibbon, which has to date today 17
species.
About the appearance of gibbones
Depending on the species, gibbons are small or
bigger, the color of their wool also depends on habitats and concrete
species. On average, the gibbons have a lot of 4 to 13 kilograms. Length of them
Body can be from 45 to 90 centimeters.
In the photo: Symanang (Symphalangus Syndactylus) is the only type of gibbons that have thorny resonator bags.
Gibments have a slender, thin build, from many others
Monkeys are distinguished by the absence of tail. These primates are one of the most
Progressive in their detachment.
In the mouth of these mammals 32 teeth, just like people. Moreover,
"Rodnit" us with gibbons and the presence of II, III, IV blood groups (gibbons
There is only the first group).
Belarusian gibbons, or Lara (Hylobates LAR).
All 16 species of this family have a body covered with thick hair
Pokrov. Without wool, the gibbons are only palms, the face M shared corn.
Absolutely all gibbons have black skin. As for the shades of wool,
then it is often either a monophonic (dark) or small marks
Light shades. However, some species have a light fur.
The limbs at the gibbons differ very much in length: the rear is much shorter than the front. By the way, the "hands" of these primates are much longer than the body (almost twice!), That is why they are easily relying on the palm, standing vertically. Unlike other monkeys, the gibbons prefer "strain", with even when they are at a huge height (somewhere on the tree).
Types of Gibbons
Campusky Gibbon (Hylobates Pileatus).
The Gibbon Family has 4 kinds, including 17 species known to modern science.
Silver Gibbon (Hylobates Moloch)
Belorussian Gibbon (Hylobates LAR)
Campusky Gibbon (Hylobates Pileatus)
Gibbon Mueller (Hylobates Muelleri)
Black Gibbon (Hylobates Agilis)
Nomascus Hainanus.
Dwarf Gibbon (Hylobates Klossii)
White Gibbon (Hylobates Albibarbis)
Western Khulock (HOOLOCK HOOLOCK)
Siamanngus Symphalangus Syndactylus
Eastern Black Crested Gibbon (Nasascus Nasutus)
White Crested Gibbon (Nomascus Leucogeenys)
Nomascus Annamensis
Greoby Crested Gibbon (Nomascus Gabriellae)
Black Crested Gibbon (Nomascus Concolor)
Nomascus Siki.
Eastern Khulock (Hoolock Leuconedys)
Where do gibbons live?
Drinking gibbons do not know how they lower their hands into the water and lick moisture with wet wool.
Absolutely all types of gibbons live in the Asian region. Their homeland is the forests of India, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and even China. When choosing accommodation, these monkeys prefer dense wet forests. Some species, however, rise to the mountains, but not higher than 2000 meters above sea level.
Gibments are active exclusively during the daytime. Scientists who carefully studied the lifestyle of the Belarusian Gibments came to the conclusion that these primates are capable of, not much, to organize a routine of the day. In their daily schedule there is a strictly allotted time to eat, for recreation, for care for yourself and offspring, to communicate with relatives, for sleep, etc.
What do gibbons eat?
These monkeys prefer vegetable food. Mainly,
Choose juicy leaves, but they can "delight" their nuts, flowers or
Delicious fruits (bananas, rabbutans). But there is among the family and
carnivorous gibbons, they feed on the eggs of birds, and sometimes even chicks,
Although most often eating insects.
http://animalreader.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/krik-samki-gibbona.mp3
All gibbons are very moving creatures. They love collective games with
fellow. Gibments quickly get used to people, as well as willingly go to
Contact with other animal species. They are rarely aggressive or
Evil, contrary to the opinion.
As for the choice of partners, Gibbons are monoga. They are
Prefer to live in pairs or families (male, female and their offspring). IN
The nature of the gibbons live for about 25 years, but one day a representative of this
The families lived to the age of 50 years!
Birth of a cub at a pair of gibbons - a rare event, because baby
It appears once in 3, and then and 4 years. Thoughtful parents
keep kid near yourself the first three years of life, all this time mother
feeds his milk.
Protection of Gibbones
Family couple of black crested gibbons (Nomascus Concolor).
"Thanks to" people, huge populations of these animals perfectly
shameless way, forcefully evicted from their usual places
habitat. Therefore, it is not surprising that some species today are in
International Red Book in the Status "Disappearing" or "Mailing".
Among some rarest gibbons - Black Gibbon, Gibbon, Rossel, and
Also Belarusian Gibbon.
And it is not known how many more species may be in a similar position,
If people do not stop mercilessly conquer each piece of land for the sake
Almost the benefits and their own profit.
Type: Chordovy
Class: Mammals
Squad: Primates
Family:Gibbon
The size: from 44 to 64 cm
Weight: 4 to 13 kg
Life expectancy: from 25 to 30 years in wildlifeup to 40 years in captivity
Food: Until, feed mainly by fruit and young leaves, eating insects, eggs of birds and small vertebrates.
Living range: Malay Peninsula, Indonesia (Sumatra), Thailand
Habitat: rainforests
Age of puberty:from 5 to 7 years
Pregnancy period: from 7 to 7.5 months
Quantities of a young: one
Most of the foders of gibbons eat only fruits.
Gibbons - admitted monkeys with glossy black hair on the body. They often have white marks on face, hands and legs.
Gibbons are strong, in the form of a hook of hands that they use for
capture, unusually big hands (for all types of gibbones), more by
size than their legs.
Gibbon shoulders are composed in such a way that they allow them to move on
Hands on branches for long distances. They can develop speed
up to fifty six kilometers per hour.
Gibments protect their territory with daily singing rituals that
Begins about nine in the morning and last about an hour. These are loud
Songs can be heard in two - three kilometers.
Gibments eat at least one hundred sixty species of plants, their most beloved
Food is fruits and rice. However, sometimes they feed insects,
Bird eggs and small spinal.
Golfones are monogamous, they are some of the few types of primates that
Create the only couple for life. They live in a family who
Consist of four-six individuals.
A flock of gibbones consists of a dominant male, a dominant female,
Young, as well as less dominant individuals. The latter leave the pack
In the performance of eight years.
50% of the time of wakefulness Gibbon rests. As a rule, they use
high tree for this purpose, on the branches of which lie on the stomach or on
back.
Gibments have a highly developed brain, like all other primates.
For adult gibbones, care for itself is an important social ritual. Every day they spend on it until fifteen minutes.
The period of pregnancy in females of gibbon is from seven to seven with
a half months Gibbon's female gives birth in two - three years. For all
She rarely gives his life more than ten times.
Gibbon cubs are born with soft rare hair, and weigh extremely few.
Gibbon's cubs are taken away from the chest after the execution of the year, however they
Stay with the mother until they are fulfilled five years. Then
They create their own family.
Gibbon male shows a great care for the young, after being more than eight months.
Gibments do not know how to swim and avoid water.
Each pair of gibbones creates its unique song that they sing together.
Gibments were listed for a threat of disappearance
International Union of Nature Protection. Their survival is directly related to
preservation of them natural environment habitat.
Gibments - a family of monkeys, numbering 13 species. Among all primates, these animals are perhaps most offended by prejudice. At the mention of Gibbon, most people immediately imagine a huge, fierce and ugly monkey, not distinguished by tact and ingenuity. In fact, the gibbons look and behave quite differently.
Belarusian gibbons, or Lara (Hylobates LAR).
The dimensions of these monkeys are small, different species The mass of the body varies from 4 to 8.5 kg. The body of gibbons is thin, the head is small, with small features of the face that attaches them to the similarity with martyrs. And in fact, the gibbons are close to these monkeys, but at the same time they differ from them near progressive traits. For example, they have no tail, which brings them to manlike people. Like a man, gibbones have 32 tooth, there are II, III, IV blood group, but there is no I. Scientists identify the systematic position of gibbons in different ways: some consider them the most perfect among non-tech monkeys, others are considered the most primitive among humans. Anyway, with people of these animals, the close genetic relationship is connected.
The body of animals is covered with thick and relatively long wool. The palms, feet, sedanized corn and face remain naked. Interestingly, the skin in all types of black bibns. Policy dimorphism is not expressed. The color is most often black with small white marks, in different species located at different parts of the body (hands, face, painshque skull). Often there are individuals with a very light fur: brown or beige.
The hind limbs at gibbons are relatively short, but the front, on the contrary, incredibly long, elongated in all articulations, including the phalanges of the fingers.
The length of the hands at the gibbones is 2 times the length of the body, so in the standing position, they can easily touch the palms of the Earth. In the length of the forelimbs, these animals are absolute world record holders. Whatever Gibbon would do - sitting, lay, stood, went - his hands clumsily stick out to the sides and, it seems, all the time they interfere. Because of these awkward limbs, which I want to call rakes, gibbons and earned the glory of freaks.
Campusky Gibbon (Hylobates Pileatus).
But nature does not have anything superfluous, therefore the limbs of gibbones have not been acquired by such a form. The fact is that the method of movement of these monkeys is very different from the movements of other primates. Most monkeys go or run through the branches, leaning on all four limbs, and also jump, pushing out their legs and grabbing hands over the branches. Gibbones are preferred when walking. And it is in kroons at the height of several tens of meters! When Gibbon goes, he wars the branch to the legs as if the rope proportionate, and long hands use as a balancer. But the branch walking is not the main way of movement. In most cases, these animals move in suspended without support to their feet, take turns to be released, then one, then the second hand. This method of movement reminds walking in hand and is called brachia. Gibbons are so quickly and deftly move the paws that at times their movement in the crowns of trees is reminded of flight. Thanks to such a large load, the gibbon hands have become very strong, they are able to pull weight, several times the mass of its own body is several times.