Presentation on the topic:
The role of water in nature and human life
Water is the source of life Source of bright days. Look impeccably In a swift stream. Everyone wants to get drunk You take care of the rivers Lakes, oceans And small ponds.
Waterfall
Where is the water on Earth? Water is a unique wealth of wildlife. It is difficult to find a place on our planet where there would be no water.
Ocean
Sea
- Water is a liquid.
- Clear water is clear. If we put a spoon in a glass of water, we can easily see it. Water is colorless.
- Water is odorless.
- Many substances dissolve in water.
- When heated, the water expands, and when cooled, it contracts.
- When heated to 100 degrees, water turns into steam.
Three states of water
Solid Liquid Gaseous
Ice, snow, hail. Water Steam
The value of water in nature
Water on Earth is the most common substance. According to evolutionary theory, life on Earth originated in water. In nature, water plays a critical role. Water is the habitat of many plants and animals.
The water cycle in nature
The value of the water cycle in nature is simply enormous. It is this process that allows animals and plants to receive moisture so necessary for their life and existence.
Water pollution
Water pollution is the process of saturation of water bodies with harmful substances, industrial waste and household waste, as a result of which water loses most its functions and becomes unsuitable for further consumption.
- The main sources of pollution:
- Oil refineries
- Heavy metals
- Radioactive elements
- Pesticide
- Drains of urban sewers and livestock farms.
- Household waste
Object of study in my work is water. Object of study in my work is water. Subject of study - the role of water in human life. Objective - study the structure of water and determine its place in human life. Tasks: 1. To study and analyze information on this topic. 2. Find out how a water molecule behaves under various influences on it. 3. Summarize the data and draw a conclusion.
My hypothesis is: water is the basis of life on Earth. Research Methods:
- analysis of literary and historical sources of information;
- generalization of the data.
- The name of water came from time immemorial and from that time on, water is called any "living" moisture, which is so necessary for the lives of people, animals and the nature around us.
- An exact definition of why water was called water does not exist, since each people has its own name, which determines the importance of water for others
Why is water called water?
SEAS
LAKES
RIVERS
WHERE DOES THE WATER CONTAIN ON THE EARTH?
Water is also underground (springs).
Huge accumulations of ice are located at the North and South poles. There is ice on land and in the ocean.
That's what our planet would look like An unpleasant sight, right?
Imagine
what on earth suddenly
all the water is gone.
The body of the jellyfish is 90 - 95% composed of water.
In the body of animals, water is usually more than half the mass.
- Water is found in all parts of plants.
- A lot of juice in the fruits - watermelon, orange, lemon.
- This juice is water with various substances dissolved in it.
- But even in dry plant seeds there is water.
100 kg, 80 kg - water
100 g, 85 g - water
2 kg, 1.5 kg - water
A person is 75-80% water. A person is 75-80% water. Without water, a person can live only 3 days. Japanese scientist Emoto Masaru, proposed a way to fix the structure of water Water structure Water molecule Water cluster Water cell The human body is approximately 75-80% water, therefore
- The human body is approximately 75-80% composed of water, therefore, Water is the key to a healthy body.
- Since water is not just liquid, but structured substance, the body, for stable operation, requires water with a certain structure.
- Violation or modification of this the structure water affects the state of the body.
LOVE
HOPE
SOUL
This water was saidTHANK
Sorry
THANK
THANK
FOOL
YOU DISGUST ME
The human brain is 90% water. Think about how appropriate:- cook or reheat food in the microwave;
- listen to music via mobile phone?
What does water mean to humans?
Water in the life of man, plants and animals
- Fields and forests drink water.
- Neither animals, nor birds, nor people can live without it.
Water in human life
- Water "extracts" electricityworking in power plants.
- Water washes all people, cities, cars, roads.
Water in human life
- Water is the largest and most convenient road. Day and night, ships sail along it, carrying various cargoes, passengers.
Water in human life
Without water:
- do not knead the dough for bread,
- do not prepare concrete for construction,
- do not make paper, or cloth for clothing, or rubber, or candy, or medicine.
Lecture Plan 1. Introduction. 2. The physiological significance of water. 3. The hygienic significance of water. 4. Economic and technical importance of water. 5. The epidemiological significance of water. 6. Requirements for the quality of drinking water. 6.1. Epidemiological safety of water. Harmless chemical composition of water. Radiation safety of water. Organoleptic properties of water. 7. Indicators of chemical contamination of drinking water 8. Methods of water disinfection. nine. Special methods improve water quality.
The body of an adult consists on average of 65% of water. With age, its amount of water in the human body decreases. The human embryo contains 97% of water, the body of newborns - 77%, by the age of 50, the amount of water in the body is only 60%. The bulk of the water (70%) is concentrated inside the cells, and 30% is extracellular water.
8 Drinking water is water suitable for use inside, meeting established quality standards. In accordance with SanPiN, Drinking water must be safe in epidemic and radiation terms, harmless in chemical composition and have favorable organoleptic properties 3.2. The quality of drinking water must comply with hygienic standards before it enters the distribution network, as well as at points of tapping the external and internal water supply network
9 80% of diseases in the world - from a lack of clean water. Benign water is an important factor in human life. Water contains potential toxic elements.
PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUE OF WATER All biochemical reactions associated with the processes of digestion and assimilation of nutrients occur in the aquatic environment. Together with salts, water takes part in maintaining the most important physiological constant of the body - the magnitude of the osmotic pressure. Due to the low viscosity, as well as the ability to dissolve different chemical substances and to enter into tight ties with them, water is the main part of the blood and plays the role of a vehicle. Water is the basis of acid-base balance in the body, since it exhibits the properties of both acids and bases. All processes of assimilation and excretion in the body also occur in the aquatic environment.
EXOGENIC WATER The daily human need for water is 2.5-3.0 liters. Water enters the human body with drink and food. FROM drinking water many macro- and microelements come in, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iodine, fluorine, etc.
ISSUE OF WATER FROM THE ORGANISM At rest, the following amount of water is excreted from the human body: through the kidneys - 1.5 l / day through the lungs - approximately 0.4 l through the intestinal tract - about 0.2 l. Another 0.6 l of water is released through the pores of the skin in the process of thermoregulation of the body. About 3 liters of water are excreted daily from the human body at rest. During work, in hot shops, in the summer in the field, pathological conditions, water excretion can increase to 8-10 liters.
Symptoms of dehydration of a human body (E. Adolf, 1952) With a decrease in water in the body (in% of body weight), 1-5% - thirst, malaise, movement savings, loss of appetite, redness of the skin, irritability, drowsiness, fever body% - dizziness, shortness of breath, crawling sensation in the extremities, decreased blood volume, stopping salivation, cyanosis, blurred speech, difficulty walking;% - delirium, swelling of the tongue, difficulty swallowing, deafness, blurred vision, lethargy and numbness of the skin , painful urination, anuria% of body weight at an air temperature above 30 ° C is fatal. 25% - is fatal at any temperature.
Hygienic significance of water Water is used for: removing sewage through the sewer network - 41%, maintaining body cleanliness - 37%, preparing food and washing dishes - 6%, for drinking - 5%, washing clothes - 4%, cleaning houses and public premises - 3%, watering streets and green spaces - 3%, for car washing - 1%.
Epidemiological significance of water Contaminated water can be the cause of acute gastrointestinal infections, such as cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, acute enteritis of an infectious nature, etc., which largely depends on the conditions of water supply and sanitation of populated areas. places, the level of sanitary culture of the population.
High-quality drinking water should be: 1. Epidemiologically safe. Water should not contain pathogenic microbes, viruses and other biological inclusions that are dangerous to the health of consumers. 2. Not harmful in chemical composition (that is, to be most favorable from a physiological point of view). And do not limit its use in everyday life. 3. Radiation safe. 4. HAVE GOOD ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS (to be transparent, without color, have no aftertaste or smell).
Vigivanne of pathogenic microorganisms in water Microorganisms Vijivanie (in days) in water Well Wells River Escherichia coli Pathogens of typhoid fever 71, Dysentery bacteria Cholera vibrio 1-920,5-92 Leptospira 7-75 to 150 Pathogens of tularemia Brucella 4-45-
Microbiological safety indicators of drinking water Name of indicators Unit of measurement Standards 1 Number of bacteria in 1 cm 3 of the water under investigation (TBC) Colony forming units (microorganisms) / cm 3 COO / cm 3 not more than 100 * 2 Number of bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli (colonies forming microorganisms) in 1 dm 3 of water that is being studied (BGKP index) Colony forming units (microorganisms) / dm 3 not more than 3 ** 3 Number of thermostable E. coli (fecal coliforms - FC index) in 100 cm 3 of water, which is being studied Colony forming units (microorganisms) / 100 cm 3 COO / 100 cm 3 absence *** 4 Number of pathogenic microorganisms in 1 dm3 of water under investigation Colony forming units (microorganisms) / dm 3 COO / dm 3 absence *** 5 Number of coliphages in 1 dm 3 of water under investigation Plaque-forming units / dm 3 BOO / dm 3 absence ***
Toxicological indicators of the harmlessness of the chemical composition of drinking water Indicators Name Units measured. Standards (no more) Class of hazard and Inorganic components 1 Aluminum mg / dm 3 0.2 (0.5) * 2 2 Barium mg / dm 3 0.12 3 Arsenic mg / dm 3 0.012 4 Selenmg / dm 3 0.012 5 Lead mg / dm 3 0.012 6 Nickelmg / dm 3 0.13 7 Nitratimg / dm 3 45.03 8 Fluormg / dm 3 1.53
Organic components 1 Trihalomethanes (THM, suma) mg / dm 3 0.12 chloroformmg / dm 3 0.062 dibromochloromethane mg / dm 3 0.012 tetrachlorocarbon mg / dm 3 0.0022 2 Pesticides (total) mg / dm 3 0.0001 ** Integral indicators 1 Oxidation (KMnO 4) mg / dm 3 4.0-2 General organic carbonmg / dm 3 3.0- Note: * - the value indicated in brackets is allowed when treating water with reagents that contain aluminum; ** - the list of control pesticides is set taking into account the specific situation.
When drinking water with a high concentration of nitrates, methemoglobinemia may occur, which is accompanied by toxic cyanosis. Most often, children who have milk formula prepared in water with a nitrate content exceeding 45 mg / dm 3 get sick with methemoglobinemia. nitrites. The latter, absorbed into the blood and combined with blood hemoglobin, form methemoglobin, which is not able to carry oxygen.
Increased fluorine content. The fluorine content in water of more than 5 mg / dm 3 causes damage not only to the teeth but also to the osteoarticular apparatus. An increased fluorine content of over 1.5 mg / dm 3 causes fluorosis, which is manifested by damage to tooth enamel in the form of pigmented yellow and brown spots.
Name of indicators Units of measurement Standards (no more) Hazard class 1 Odor Odor * 2- 2 Turbidity NOMe * 0.5 (1.5) *** - 3 Color Chromaticity 20 (35) - 4 Flavor PR * 2-5 Hydrogen indicator, pH, in the range of units 6.5-8 , 6- 6Mineralization total (dry residue) mg / dm (1500) - 7 Hardness total mgeq / dm 3 7 (10) - 8 Sulfatemg / dm (500) 4 9 Chloridemg / dm (350) 4 10Medmg / dm 3 1,03 11Manganesemg / dm 3 0.13 12 Iron iron / dm 3 0.33 13 Chlorophenolymg / dm 3 0,00034 Organoleptic indicators of drinking water quality
The general hardness of water is predominantly determined by the presence of carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates and other calcium and magnesium compounds in it. There are carbonate (disposable) and constant stiffness (unremovable). Calcium from many foods is absorbed only by 30%, while calcium from drinking water - by 90%.
Chlorides (chlorine ion). Fresh water mainly contains up to mg / DM 3 chlorides. If their quantity exceeds mg / dm 3, such waters have a salty aftertaste and adversely affect gastric secretion. The chloride content in tap drinking water should not exceed 250 mg / dm 3, in some cases up to 350 mg / dm 3 is allowed.
Sulphates (sulfate ion) in amounts over 500 mg / dm 3 give a bitter-salty taste to water, can cause dyspeptic symptoms (especially with a high magnesium content in the water) in people who are not used to such water. The sulfate content in drinking water should not exceed 250 (350) mg / dm 3.
Salts of iron (more than 0.3 mg / dm 3) and manganese (more than 0.1 mg / dm 3) give water an astringent taste. Significantly worsens the taste of tea made with such water. Such water is unsuitable for some processes in the food industry, which makes butter, cheese and other food products an unpleasant aftertaste in everyday life (it dyes clothes during washing and the like). Chemical indicators of water source pollution. These include substances that are contained in the urine and feces of humans and animals, or their decomposition products (organic compounds, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, chlorides, etc.). These compounds by themselves in the quantities in which they are found in fresh water are harmless to human health and only indicate soil and water pollution. But along with them, water can also contain pathogenic microorganisms.
Special methods to improve water quality Deodorization - achieved by aeration of water, treatment with oxidizing agents, filtering through a layer of activated carbon, etc. Iron removal - is done by aeration in cooling towers. Softening - filtering through ion exchange filters. Desalination - ion exchange filters, electrodialysis, freezing. Decontamination - filtration through ion-exchange filters; Water de-fluorination - ion-exchange filters. Fluoridation is the addition of silicofluoride or sodium fluoride to water.
Have you heard of water?
They say she is everywhere!
In a puddle, in the sea, in the ocean
And in the faucet.
We are used to water
Our companion always!
Without it, we can’t wash ourselves.
Do not eat, do not get drunk.
I dare you to report:
We can’t live without it!
water under the microscope
The human body is "filled with water." For example, in
a person weighing 70 kg water is 49 kg.
"Drink" - this is the word people say one of the first,
barely learn to speak. “Drink” - asks the child,
turning to mother.
With the advent of water, life appears. Water is gone - and
life becomes impossible. Because water is
elixir of life. Giving people water, nature gave us
priceless wealth.
Almost all life on earth cannot do without water.
Animal trails in the forest lead to a watering hole. Birds fly
to rivers, lakes.
People have long been choosing a place near the water, sat
flowed along the banks of rivers, lakes, where there is plenty of drink.
Every tree, every blade of grass eagerly drinks water.
See how the grass starts to turn green after each
rain and how it turns yellow, and then dries and dies in a drought,
when there is no water.
Without water, you cannot grow wheat or cotton.
Apple trees and pears will die if a person doesn’t
will pour their roots.
Imagine that the seas and rivers have dried to the bottom, and all
the treasures that the sea was hiding from man appeared
in front of you. Chests with gold, precious stones, money of those times - everything belongs to you. But there's not a drop around fresh waterand all the gold of the world is not needed -
but to you. A glass of ordinary water will become more expensive for you than the innumerable riches of the whole world.
For thousands of years, grain can lie in dry land. But
water will come - and the grain will sprout. Lifeless and
the desert steppes are terrible. But it's worth holding the water -
and they turn into a blooming garden.
Water is everywhere around us. Here is the cloud. Soon and it
it will rain. And a white asterisk - a snowflake -
also water. Sculpts of snow, as if from clay, funny
snow woman, house or fortress.
And what is a hail? Yes it's the same raindrop
frozen in height. But another, weighing half a kilogram,
you won’t call it that. In it a thousand drops at once.
Ice rink on which it is so nice to slide on a horse-
kah, also from frozen water.
What is there bubbling in the kettle standing on the stove, running away
away from the spout with a hot stream of steam? Yes, even
makes fun dancing the lid. Yes, of course,
it is water, only water turned into steam.
Very good-natured, But when I want,
I am soft, obedient, Even I exude a stone.
water
He makes noise in the field and in the garden,
But he won’t get into the house.
And I won’t go anywhere
As he goes.
rain
In the morning the beads sparkled
All the grass was shut up.
And let's go look for them in the afternoon
We seek, we seek, we will not find.
dew
There is a commotion in the yard
Peas are falling from the sky.
She ate six peas Nina,
She has a sore throat now.
hail
Runs in the summer, and sleeps in the winter.
Spring has arrived, has run again.
river
He's fluffy, silvery,
White, white
Clean, clean
Vata lay on the ground.
snow
In the fire does not burn Pisces winter live warmly:
And does not sink in water. The roof is thick glass.
I walk in the field, fly in the wild.
Twist, growl, I don’t want to know anyone.
I run along the houses
I drift snowdrifts.
blizzard
The star of the Village circled and melted
In the air a little, On my palm.
snowflake
What a miracle - beauty! Showed on the way!
Painted gates Do not enter, do not enter.
rainbow
I’m related to Moydodyr.
Turn away, open me.
And cold water
I’ll wash you alive!
water tap
It grows upside down
Not growing in the summer, but in the winter.
But the sun will bake her
She will cry and die.
icicle
In white velvet village - And how the wind attacks,
And fences and trees. This velvet will fall.
frost
1 . The water is clear.
5. When heated, water
expands.
2. Water is colorless.
3.Water is odorless.
6.When cooling water
shrinks.
4. Water is a solvent.
especially to young children. During production
this water is first purified almost to a state
distilled and then artificially mineralized
health.
water made soft drinks.
This is not water, but a medicine! It contains more
1500 mg of salts per liter. As with any medicine, prescribe
it can only be a doctor.
You cannot cook food on this water. It may
keep from 500-1500 mg of salts per liter. Drink this
water is possible only alternating with the dining room or after
doctor's advice.
If your hands are in wax
If blots sat on your nose,
Who is our first friend then?
Will remove dirt from the face and hands?
What mother can't do without
Neither cook nor wash,
Without which we will say bluntly -
Man - to die!
To rain from the sky
So that the ears of bread grow
To sail ships
To make jelly
That there was no trouble -
We cannot live without ...
Running water, flowing. As a great value.
And right to your house. If water flows in vain
It must be treated, Close the crane, otherwise trouble!
Turn off the tap while you brush your teeth.
Turn off the water when working in the kitchen
or talk on the phone.
Do not wash dishes under running water. Better wash
dishes in the sink, covering the hole with a stopper.
Replace the bath with a shower: when washing in the bath
150-180 liters of water are consumed, and under the shower
three times less.
Wash my hands, wash my neck.
Washing my ears and face.
Unhurriedly, unhurriedly.
It's so nice to be clean
Cleanliness is good!
Nose, wash yourself!
Wash immediately
Both eyes!
Wash your ears
Wash your neck
Neck, wash
good!
Wash, Wash
Drench yourself!
Dirt, give up!
Dirt, rinse off!
According to the standards for each resident of the city comes-
220 liters of water per day.
Taking a shower for 5 minutes, you spend
about 100 liters of water.
Every time you
brush your teeth, you
spend 1 liter
water.
Filling the bath only to half, you are spending-
eat at least 150 liters of water.
A single flush in the toilet - 8 - 10 liters.
Each washing of linen
in the washing machine
requires over 100
liters of water.
Passes through a regular tap
15 liters of water per minute.
About 1000 are poured through an open valve
liters of water per hour.
Do you understand how much wealth you own? Then learn
protect him . A threat looms over the water - pollution .
sewage plants
oil spills
garbage from ships
1 liter wastewater cripples 100 liters of clean
water. The plant discharges 25 liters of waste in 1 minute.
5 grams of petroleum products are tightened with a film of 50
square meters of water surface.
Among the fields and forests, surrounded by grasses and artisanal
nicknames, the river flowed - clean and transparent. To the river
animals sewed to get drunk; children - to swim;
fishermen catch fish.
But once the river was sad, because it became
multi-colored: gray, yellow, red, black ...
A small river cries
Fear overcame the river.
The river has become thin - thin,
She got shallow before her eyes.
The inhabitants of the river came together, and get to know each other
can not.
- Neighbor, why are you so red?
- A plant was built on the bank of our river and led to
water two pipes. One takes clean water to the plant, and
another pours dirty into it.
So I became from wastewater
red.
“Why are you yellow like a lemon?”
- I lived in shallow water: splashing
played with her friends. But here
it rained heavily. A stream from the shore brought a muddy stream. What
only it was not: fertilizers, pesticides, and waste.
Our backwater has turned yellow ...
- And you, girlfriend, why so violet?
- Would you see how much the load was on me? Jars, logs,
even the wheels. Can this be sustained? From such a strain
i blushed, and turned blue, and turned green ... So I became violet-
comrade, barely - barely got out of the garbage.
- Do not be alarmed, girlfriends. I'm the same fish as you
only turned black from the oil that was transported by our
the river. Oil covered the water with a thin film
breathe, nothing to eat, and on the shore there are ducks and
rayut. Their wings stuck together with oil.
People don’t want to sit at home,
People swim, ride, fly.
- Goodbye!
- We will tell the neighbors
- Fly, swim and ride!
At sea, in rivers and in lakes
I swim agile, fast.
Among the warships
Known for its ease.
boat
Steam engine without wheels!
That's the miracle of a steam locomotive!
Is he crazy?
I went straight by the sea!
steamboat
Scooped up the wind
White wing
You and I ride
It took to the sea.
sailboat
Even under the polar ice
Can swim this house.
underwater
a boat
People swam on logs
Even the oceans -
On the mighty, long, even,
Connected by vines.
The one who created the first raft,
Created the world's first fleet.
On the rivers wide and blue lakes
A boat with a motor sweeps in foam.
On oars and with a sail, how not to try,
There is no way to keep up with a motor boat.
Ocean in hoary fog, Catch fish in the ocean
There are waves - high, Young fishermen.
fishing trawler
Slide 2
Water, you have neither taste, nor color, nor smell, it is impossible to describe you, they are enjoying you, not knowing what you are! This is not to say that you are necessary for life! You are life itself! You fill us with joy that cannot be explained by our feelings ... You are the greatest wealth in the world ... ”Antoine de Saint-Exupery
Slide 3
STRUCTURE OF A WATER MOLECULE. WATER MOLECULE CONSISTS OF 2 HYDROGEN ATOMS AND 1 OXYGEN ATOM, WHICH ARE A FRIEND TO OTHER RELATED TO ANOTHER AT ANGLE 105 °
Slide 4
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF Н2О At t≥0 At t \u003d 100 At t≤0
Slide 5
hydrosphere fresh water salt water atmospheric water 4% 95% 1%
Slide 6
land water Glaciers Groundwater Lakes Rivers Swamps 49% 47% 1% 1% 1%
Slide 7
World water cycle diagram
Slide 8
Baikal. Half-wooded mountains of the forest, Touching blue patterns And rocks cut off by a rampart, And the sky that fell into Lake Baikal. And he himself - majestic and eternal In a granite frame carved, And all - to the bottom - shone through, And all - to the last drop - native. And the hangars flight of the obstinate, And the scream of the wind, and the roar of the turbines, And the pine birds over the cliff, And the wild barguzin wind. All this, without which it is powerless To be far, far and wide, And you are unthinkable, Russia, And you are unthinkable, Siberia.
Slide 9
The decomposition (electrolysis) of water
Slide 10
Heavy water slows down the vital functions of the growth and development of many microorganisms. Some bacteria tolerate a 70% or higher concentration of heavy water in the medium, while plant cells can develop normally with heavy water concentrations of not more than 50-75%, and animal cells not more than 35% of heavy water
Slide 11
Volga - a river in the European part of Russia, one of largest rivers the globe and the largest in Europe. The length of the river is 3530 kilometers (3690 kilometers before the construction of reservoirs).
Slide 12
Currently, about 45% of industrial and about 50% of agricultural production in Russia is concentrated in the Volga basin. Of the 100 cities in the country with the most polluted atmosphere, 65 are located in the Volga basin. The volume of polluted effluents discharged into the basins of the region is 38% of the total Russian level.
Slide 13
Water is the most important substance that is part of living organisms. What kind of water do we drink? Questions: - Have you thought about what kind of water you drink? -Why should water be boiled? . In the laboratories of waterworks, microbiologists conduct daily water monitoring. The number of microbes in water after its special treatment decreases sharply. So, for example, a study of water in one of these laboratories showed that there were 5639 bacteria in 1 ml of cubic river water; after passing water through the sump, 138 bacteria were found in the same volume, and after filtering only 17 bacteria were found
Slide 14
arsenic 27 cadmium 0.5 chromium 75 mercury 0.1 lead 18 cobalt 20 iron 4 copper 40 zinc 90 nickel 50 Content of heavy metals and arsenic in the bottom sediments of the Volga in%
Slide 15
Slide 16
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER. PURE (DISTILLED) WATER - COLORLESS LIQUID, WITHOUT ODOR AND TASTE, THE ONLY SUBSTANCE WHICH ON THE EARTH EXIST IN THREE AGGREGATE STATES OF BURNING TEMPERATURE 100 ° C TEMPERATURE (TEMPERATURE)
Slide 17
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER. 1. WITH METALS. a) very active metals react with water to form hydroxide and hydrogen 2Na + 2H2O \u003d 2K + 2H2O \u003d Ca + 2H2O \u003d
Slide 18
b) metals with average activity when interacting with water during heating form metal oxide and hydrogen Zn + H2O \u003d c) low-active metals do not react with water
Slide 19
2. WITH OXIDES. a) metal oxides form hydroxides CaO + H2O \u003d when interacting with water; b) non-metal oxides form acids SO3 + H2O \u003d when interacting with water
Slide 20
In third world countries, only one in five people can drink pure fresh water. - 470 million people on the planet are experiencing an acute shortage of water - 22 million children die each year from a shortage and excessive pollution of water. Water scarcity on the planet
Slide 21
80% 90% How much water is there in living organisms?
Slide 22
The value of water for humans
In the human body, water: moisturizes oxygen for respiration; regulates body temperature; helps the body absorb nutrients; protects vital organs; lubricates the joints; Helps convert food to energy participates in the metabolism; removes various waste products from the body. For the normal operation of all systems, a person needs at least 2 liters of water per day. Without water, death will occur in 5 days.
Slide 23
Water application
The industry of our country every second consumes as much water as the Volga carries. It takes 150 tons of water to produce 1 ton of steel, 250 tons of paper, and 4000 tons of synthetic fibers. Many chemical processes are accelerated in the presence of water, that is, water plays the role of a catalyst. But water directly takes an active part in reactions, for example, in the production of acids, slaking lime, and in hydration processes. Water is required for the setting and hardening processes of cementitious materials - cement, gypsum, lime.
Slide 24
Popular wisdom says: the first bread is bread, the second bread is spirit, the third bread is water. Water protection
Slide 25
Measures for the protection of water bodies
Monitoring the level of water pollution. Installation treatment facilities at the enterprises; Water saving (close the tap, reduce the pressure when you wash, brush your teeth, wash dishes, etc.) Planting and protecting plants along the banks of water bodies. Rational nature management; Creation of protected areas.
Slide 26
Conclusions:
met with physical and chemical properties water and its composition; gained knowledge about water as the most abundant substance on Earth, identified economic and environmental problems contemporaneity associated with water scarcity and pollution through the study of the Volga River and lake Baikal, revealed the role of water in nature and human life, ways of rational use of water resources.
Slide 27
Homework
Homework to choose from: 1) write the essay “The role of water in nature” 2) do a crossword on the topic “Water” 3) invent a fairy tale about water What substances does water interact with?
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