Slide 1
Global issues of today
- problems affecting all people on Earth
Slide 2
Environmental problems
“The road of civilization is paved with cans” (Alberto Moravia, writer)
1. Atmospheric pollution by harmful gases (the problem of large cities)
2. Technological disasters as a result of people's activities: - accidents at gas stations - oil spills - explosions in warehouses with chemicals, etc.
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3. Invasion of nature has the following negative consequences: - drought - landslides - floods - global warming - soil depletion
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Waste - substances (or mixtures of substances) that are deemed unsuitable for further use within the framework of existing technologies, or after domestic use of products. The amount of waste produced by people is growing exponentially.
Waste
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Slide 6
For a long time, mankind has cut down the forest, taking the land from the forest for maintenance agriculture and just for firewood. Later, a person had a need to create infrastructure (cities, roads) and mining, which spurred the process of deforestation. However, the main reason for deforestation is the increased need for food, that is, the area of \u200b\u200bgrazing and sowing crops, both permanent and interchangeable.
Deforestation
Slide 7
The fast growing population of the Earth. Reduction and scarcity of natural resources
We are already almost 7 billion people!
The real threat of the exhaustion of many important types of raw materials (oil, gas) may occur resource hunger 2. Lack drinking water - one of the most dangerous problems.
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Earth Growth
Slide 9
Scientists have proved that the biosphere of the Earth can contain only 1 billion people. Every day, the size of the land increases by 200,000 people, which leads to an increase in the use of resources and exacerbates the problem of employment, provision of housing, food. The circle closes: The amount of waste, environmental pollution, deforestation increases. Job shortages create poverty and development bad habits.
The law of hyperbolic population growth of the Earth
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International security
August 6, 1945. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Weapons of mass destruction
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Nuclear weapons pose a danger to all of humanity. Large states that possess nuclear weapons are forced to confirm their strength by increasing their number, although the explosion of even one bomb instantly destroys hundreds of thousands of people and pollutes a vast territory with radioactive emissions, making it unsuitable for life, changes the human genome, providing mutations and deformities in newborns children tens of years after the explosion, which can lead to the degeneration of humanity.
Nuclear weapon
Slide 12
Terrorism (lat. Terror - fear, horror), is aimed at the mass destruction of civilians, creates an atmosphere of fear in society.
Terrorism
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Poverty in modern world
Millions of people in Asia and Africa are on the brink of survival
Slide 14
Poverty is a fundamental global problem facing the world community. It has a detrimental effect on the economy, social relations, politics, culture. Poverty, backwardness are characteristic first of all for the third world, but this does not make the problem less relevant in relation to highly developed states. The inability of most of the poorest countries to break out of poverty on their own has made the problem of poverty universal.
Linking Poverty to Others global threats and risks - illegal migration, international terrorism, the growth of transnational crime. Poverty, unsanitary conditions, and chronic diseases pose a danger to residents of rich countries (HIV, Ebola, SARS, and other pandemics).
Slide 15
Drugs cause both physical and psychological dependence. An irresistible attraction is associated with mental (psychological), and sometimes physical (physiological) dependence on drugs. Physical dependence means painful, and even painful sensations, a painful state during a break in the constant use of drugs (the so-called withdrawal syndrome, withdrawal). The resumption of drug use temporarily relieves these sensations.
Addiction
Objectives:
formation of ideas about global issuesoh,hypotheses, forecasts and projects for their resolution;
skill acquisition, discussions, skill building
discuss, draw conclusions, defend their point of view.
environmental education of students;
acquiring the ability to work with additional
material, the ability to choose the necessary material, skill
work with statistical material. Global issues of today
this is a set of socio-natural
problems on whose solution depends
social progress of mankind and
the preservation of civilization. These problems
characterized by dynamism, arise as
an objective factor in the development of society and for
united decisions require
the efforts of all mankind. Global
problems are interconnected, cover all
sides of people's lives and apply to all countries
of the world.
Globalization
Global economic, political andcultural integration and unification. The main consequence of this is
world division of labor, migration (and, as a rule, concentration) on a scale
planet-wide capital, human and productive
resources, standardization of legislation, economic and technological
processes, as well as rapprochement and fusion of cultures different countries.
This is an objective process that is systemic in nature, i.e.
covers all spheres of society. As a result of globalization, the world is becoming
more connected and more dependent on all its subjects
The problem of maintaining peace
Nuclear weapon
Thanks to tireless efforts, global community has reacheda significant number of multilateral arrangements aimed at
reduction nuclear arsenalsprohibition of their placement in
certain regions of the world and natural environments (such as space
space and the bottom of the oceans), the restriction of its distribution and
termination of his trials. Despite these advances, nuclear weapons and
its spread remains the main threat to peace and the main problem
international community.
Local conflicts
Local war - military operations between two andmore states limited for political purposes
the interests of states participating in hostilities, and
by territory - a small geographical region, as
rule within the boundaries of one of
warring parties
International terrorism
Terrorism in our time also takes on the character of a global problem.Especially when terrorists have lethal means or weapons,
able to destroy a huge number of innocent people.
Terrorism is a phenomenon, a form of crime directed directly
against man, threatening his life and thereby striving to achieve his
goals. Terrorism is absolutely unacceptable in terms of humanism, but in terms of
view of law is a grave crime.
The problem of overcoming backwardness and modernization
The main way to overcome the backwardness of developing countries iscarrying out radical transformations in all spheres of their life. If a
this problem is not resolved, then the continuing situation in
developing countries threatened by socioeconomic
global shocks and will aggravate others
global issues.
Food problem
The geography of food production is far fromcoincides with the geography of its consumption. Most
a reliable way to solve this problem lies through
food production growth in the most
starving countries of Asia, Africa, Latin
America.
Energy and raw material problem
Fuel productioncontinuously increasing
what in the future may
lead to serious
global
energy crisis.
Humanity must
reorient to
other energy resources
first of all, huge
water resources of the Earth.
Environmental problems
They can lead to a worldwide environmental disaster. On oureyes end the era of extensive use of potential
biosphere: almost no undeveloped land (except
territory of Russia), the area of \u200b\u200bdeserts is systematically increasing,
forest areas are shrinking - light planets, climate is changing
(global warming, greenhouse effect), the amount is increasing
carbon dioxide and decreases - oxygen, the ozone layer is destroyed.
Ozone Depletion
Although mankind has taken measures to limit emissions of chlorine-brominated freons by switching to other substances, for examplefluorine-containing freons, the process of restoring the ozone layer will take
several decades. First of all, this is due to the huge volume
freons already accumulated in the atmosphere that have dozens of lifetimes
and even hundreds of years.
Oceans pollution
Oil and petroleum products are the most common pollutants.substances in the oceans. By the beginning of the 80s, about 6
million tons of oil, which accounted for 0.23% of world production.
Many countries with access to the sea carry out sea burial of various
materials and substances, in particular soil excavated during dredging,
drill slag, waste industry, construction wastesolid waste
explosive and chemical substancesradioactive waste. Burial volume
amounted to about 10% of the total mass of pollutants entering the World
ocean.
Changing of the climate
Climate change is changing the image of our planet.Weather quirks are no longer unusual
becomes the norm. The ice on our planet is melting and it is changing
all. The seas will rise, cities may be flooded and
millions of people can die. No coastal
the area will not run away from terrible consequences.
Air, water, soil pollution
Pollution is a process of negativemodification of the environment - air,
water, soil - through its intoxication with substances,
which threaten the life of living organisms.
Kyoto Protocol
An international instrument adopted in Kyoto (Japan) in December 1997 atSupplement to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). is he
obliges developed countries and countries with economies in transition to reduce or
stabilize greenhouse gas emissions in 2008-2012 compared with 1990
year. The protocol signing period opened on March 16, 1998 and ended on 15
March 1999
The protocol was ratified by 181 countries of the world (these countries together
accounted for more than 61% of global emissions). A notable exception to
This list is USA. The first implementation period of the protocol has begun 1
January 2008 and will last five years until December 31, 2012, after which, as
it is expected to be replaced by a new agreement.
Technological disasters
In the twentieth century, man took to the air, stepped into space, subduedthe energy of an atom.
But the age of triumph of human genius brought the new kind disasters -
technological disasters that claimed thousands of lives. This is the case
when the fruits of technological progress turned against its creator -
a person who is too self-confident
and was frivolous about his creations.
Demographic problem
Demographic problemcontradictory, has the opposite
character for different countries: overpopulation in China, depopulation in Russia.
Together with social development, this
the problem must find its way
resolution naturally, - will be
stabilize in this
respect.
However the states facing
now with a demographic problem,
forced to apply appropriate
measures. It is important that they do not wear
violent and not violated
personal sovereignty family life.
Low birth rate
"zero growth" in Western Europeleads to a sharp aging of the population in developed countries,
including a deterioration in the balance between working and
retirees, etc.
Rapid population growth of the planet
demographic "explosion", characterized by a sharp increasepopulations in Asia, Africa, Latin America, starting with
60s leads to a sharp exacerbation of socio-economic
problems in developing countries, including hunger and illiteracy
tens of millions of people.
International organizations
An international organization is a permanent association thatcreated by agreement international character. His goal is
assistance in resolving the problems stipulated in the agreement.
International organizations are interstate - existing
at the level of government of states, and non-governmental character. Also
distinguish between international organizations of a global and regional nature.
There are also classifications by occupation, by the nature of authority, by
circle of participants, international clubs, etc.
United Nations (UN)
An interstate organization created in 1945. The organization’s goal is to maintain peace between states, strengthen peace, develop andsafety international relations, the development of international
cooperation in various fields. The UN consists of six main
bodies (General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and
Social Council, Secretariat, International Court of Justice and Trusteeship Council). There are many
various structural
UN entities and
various organizations
working under the auspices of the UN
in different areas
international activities.
Majority headquarters
main units
UN is in New York
(USA), but there are branches in
different parts of the world. For 2007
UN year numbered 192
Member State. Is an
the largest international
organization.
World Trade Organization (WTO)
It is an organization of global importance. It was founded in 1995.The aim is to streamline the rules of international trade. On the
2008 in the WTO totaled 153 member countries. Headquarters
located in Geneva (Switzerland). WTO created on the basis of the GATT
(general agreement on tariffs and trade). According to the charter, the WTO
can only settle trade and economic issues.
European Union (EU)
Organization of European States, established in 1993 on the basis of threeorganizations, two of which are now included in it - EEC (European
economic community - now the European Community), EUSC (European
the union of coal and steel - ceased to exist in 2002), Euratom
(European Atomic Energy Community). This is a unique organization,
which is a cross between an international organization and
by the state. Has a common market, a common monetary system, etc.
the activity concerns many areas - economics, politics, currency, market
labor, etc. For 2007, the EU included 27 states.
Non-Aligned Movement
The movement uniting countriesproclaiming the basis of their
foreign policy non-participation in military-political blocs and groups.
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Exists since 1975. It is the largest regionala security organization in the world. The goal of preventing and resolving conflicts in the region, elimination
consequences of conflicts. For 2008, the OSCE united 56
states that are not only in Europe but also in Central
Asia and North America.
The big eight
International club bringing together governmentsGreat Britain, Germany, Italy, Canada, Russia, USA, France and Japan. Same
they also call the unofficial forum of leaders of these countries (with the participation of the European Commission), in
the framework of which harmonizes approaches to relevant international
problems.
Meetings of G8 heads of state and government are held annually
(usually in the summer) in the next chairing country. Participate in meetings, in addition to chapters
member states and governments, 2 representatives European Union, namely -
Chairperson of the European Commission and Chairperson of the Presidency
moment in the EU.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
uN Special Agency, established by 185 states. Designed to regulatemonetary relations of Member States and assisting them in the payment deficit
balance sheet by providing short- and medium-term loans in foreign currency. The fund has
UN specialized agency status. It serves as the institutional foundation of the global
currency system.
The IMF was created on December 27, 1945 after the 28 countries signed the agreement,
developed at the United Nations Conference on Monetary and Financial Affairs in Bretton Woods on July 22
1944 year. In 1947, the foundation began its activities.
IMF headquarters is located in Washington.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
international intergovernmental organization for developmentinternational cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear
energy.
The most important activity of the IAEA is to ensure
non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Under the Non-Proliferation Treaty
nuclear weapons (NPT) IAEA entrusted with verification of compliance
obligations of its participants.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Intergovernmental Organization created in1960 at the initiative of Venezuela. The goal is control
world oil policy, stabilization of oil prices.
OPEC sets limits on production volumes
oil. The headquarters is in Vienna (Austria). For 2009
year in the OPEC was 12 countries.
North Atlantic Bloc (NATO)
Is an international military-political uniondirectionality. Created in 1949 on the initiative
USA. The main goal is the security and freedom of all
member countries in accordance with UN principles, as in
North America and Europe. To achieve their
NATO’s goals utilizes military capabilities and
political influence. Headquarters is in
Brussels (Belgium). In 2009, NATO was part of
28 states.
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Slide captions:
Global problems of mankind
By the middle of the 20th century, society first realized that the existence of mankind and the life of man as a biological species are extremely fragile and vulnerable.
Global problems: - Threaten the very existence of man in the future - Affect the interests of all mankind as a whole - Can only be solved by collective actions of all peoples - Demand urgent action
Global Challenges at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Spiritual Crisis The Threat of a World War with Weapons mass destruction Depletion of the planet’s natural resources Uneven socio-economic development of countries and regions Mass diseases Disease of terrorism Deepening environmental crisis Demographic problem
3. The spiritual imperfection of man 2. The inconsistency of the historical development of culture and civilization 4. The objective natural processes taking place on Earth 1. The objective natural processes taking place in the Cosmos Common reasons global issues
The spiritual transformation of mankind, the development of a new planetary-cosmic thinking and a humanistic worldview focused on universal values, moral, environmental and cultural priorities
A spiritual crisis is manifested in the destruction of the spiritual foundations of the personality and the growth of many destructive social phenomena: the loss of the meaning of life and ethical guidelines, drunkenness and drug addiction, the desire of many people exclusively for material enrichment and sensual pleasures crime and violence, mass stress and mental illness, social egoism and intolerance, etc.
Measures to overcome a spiritual crisis 1. Addressing the inner world of a person and his spiritual principles 2. Dissemination of spiritual teachings 3. Education and science 4. High art
Mass diseases Cardiological diseases (diseases of the cardiovascular system) Oncological diseases Infectious diseases Mental diseases
Causes of disease growth Improper lifestyle and nutrition Environmental pollution Stress and inability to control and manage the nervous and emotional reactions of the body Sexual abnormalities
Ways to solve the problem of disease growth Popularization healthy way life, proper nutrition, balanced physical and mental activity, systems of natural prevention and recovery Development of new special methods medical therapy: AIDS vaccines, pacemakers, etc.
The threat of world war with the use of weapons of mass destruction The war with the use of weapons of mass destruction equalizes the winners and the vanquished. High radiation, environmental poisoning, "nuclear winter" will put everyone in the same conditions - on the verge of life and death.
Depletion of the Earth's natural resources In the 20th century, mankind first realized the threat of the depletion of the Earth’s natural resources - oil, coal, clean water, forest and fertile forests, fish, etc. If the use of raw materials will increase, society in the XXI century. may face complete depletion of resources
Environmental crisis The ecological crisis is the negative impact of human activity on nature. The consequences are manifested in the poisoning of land, water and air by industrial waste, in the destruction of the ozone layer of the planet and sustainable ecological systems.
Solutions to environmental problems: 1. Changing people's attitudes to the environment 2. Construction treatment facilities in industries 3. Replacement of thermal power plants and an internal combustion engine with environmentally friendly analogues 4. Reduction of carbon dioxide and freon emissions into the atmosphere
The demographic problem The essence of the demographic problem lies in the extremely high population growth rates in some countries and regions of the planet (China, India, south America) The total population of the globe is growing rapidly.
Demographic processes of our time: population explosion; multidirectional demographic processes in different regions of the world; the threat of depopulation of certain peoples; population aging in some countries; increasing proportion of the poor.
Ways to solve the demographic problem (population decline) 1. Preservation and strengthening of the physical, mental and spiritual health of the nation 2. Preservation and restoration of natural systems: the formation and consistent implementation of a unified state environmental policy aimed at protecting the environment and rational use of natural resources 3 Providing state support for family, motherhood and childhood 4. Creating conditions for raising a physically and morally healthy generation 5. Creating conditions for realizing the creative potential of young people 6. Creating a system of career guidance and training 7. Providing care for street children and orphans
Ways to solve the demographic problem (overpopulation) Birth control (introducing "family planning" programs): - legislatively increasing the age of marriage - explaining the benefits of a small family - public health education - counseling on family planning - stimulating small families through various kinds of economic and administrative Colonization measures That is the settlement of vacant land
The Problem of Terrorism and Violence Terrorism is an unlawful public action aimed at intimidating the population in order to achieve political goals
Conditions for solving global problems Socio-political integration International cooperation Development of science Development of economy Development of a new, ethically, environmentally and culturally oriented worldview
Prepared by: Sokolova V. A. Group No. 12211
Preview:
Main questions:
- The crisis of attitude to nature is an environmental problem (the exhaustibility of natural resources, irreversible changes in the environment).
- The economic crisis - overcoming the backwardness of developing countries (it is necessary to reduce the gap in the level of economic development between developed countries of the West and developing countries of the “Third World”).
- The political crisis (the destructive development of many conflicts, ethnic and racial conflicts as an expression of the uncontrollability of social processes; the task of mankind is to prevent the threat of world war and the fight against international terrorism).
- Crisis of human survival conditions (depletion of food resources, energy, drinking water, clean air, reserves of min. Substances).
- The demographic crisis is a population problem (uneven and uncontrolled population growth in developing countries; stabilization of the demographic situation on the planet is required).
- The threat of thermonuclear war (arms race, pollution caused by nuclear weapons tests, the genetic consequences of these tests, the uncontrolled development of nuclear technology, the possibility of thermonuclear terrorism at the interstate level).
- The problem of health protection, preventing the spread of AIDS, drug addiction.
- The crisis of human spirituality (ideological withdrawal, loss of moral values, dependence on alcohol and drugs). In the last decade, the revival of cultural and moral values \u200b\u200bhas become increasingly important.
Content. 1. Introduction; 2) What are global problems; 3) The emergence of global problems in the world; 4) Feature of global problems; 5) Classification of global problems; 6) The role of international organizations and movements in the modern world; 7) Various forecasts of the development of modern society; 8) Conclusion; 9) The literature used in the presentation.
Introduction Civilization on our planet is still alive due to the fact that people, becoming stronger, ultimately knew how to become wiser. A. Nazaretyan (Doctor of Philosophy, Professor) modern conditions increased risk factors that globally affect the development of world civilization. This explains the relevance of our topic "Global problems of our time." Based on historical analysis, we have to try to comprehend a new level of global world problems. For this we need knowledge from the courses of history, social studies, chemistry, physics, biology, ecology, geography, life safety.
What are global issues. Until the middle of the 20th century. in the political language there was no concept of “global problems” as the universal problems of world civilization (French global, from Latin globus ball). Only at the level of philosophical generalizations were ideas put forward about the relationship of human activity with the state of the biosphere (the environment that supports life on Earth). So, the Russian scientist V.I. Vernadsky (his portrait in front of you) in 1944 expressed the idea that the activities of mankind are gaining proportions comparable to the power of natural forces. This allowed him to raise the question of restructuring the biosphere into the noosphere (the scope of the mind). Global problems are the totality of the problems of humanity that arose in the second half of the 20th century, threatening the existence of world civilization
The emergence of global problems in the world. The first people who appeared on Earth, getting their own food, did not violate natural laws and natural circuits. But in the process of evolution, the relationship of man and the environment has changed. With the development of tools, man more and more intensified his “pressure” on nature. So, even 400 thousand years ago, synanthropes destroyed large areas of vegetation in the north of China with fire; and in the once wooded Moscow region, during the time of Ivan the Terrible, there were fewer forests than now because of the use of slash-and-fire farming system since antiquity. The industrial revolution of the XVIIIXIX centuries, interstate contradictions, scientific and technological revolution of the middle of the XX century, integration exacerbated the situation. Problems grew like a snowball as humanity moved along the path of progress. Second world War laid the foundation for turning local problems into global ones.
Classification of global problems. Ecological “ozone hole” deforestation “greenhouse” effect (global warming) pollution of the environment: atmosphere, soil, water of the World Ocean, food natural disasters: typhoons, tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, droughts environmental disturbances associated with space exploration and oceans. Economic food problem development pole: "North South" the problem of the limits of economic growth, resource depletion, economic globalism. Social demographic problem health problem (spread of dangerous diseases: cancer, AIDS, SARS ...) education problem (1 billion illiterate) ethnic, interfaith conflicts. Political issue war and peace: the possibility of local conflicts escalating into global, the danger of nuclear war, the persistent poles of confrontation, the struggle for spheres of influence (USA-Europe-Russia-Asia-Pacific) differences political systems (democracy, authoritarianism, totalitarianism) terrorism (international, domestic, criminal). The spiritual degradation of “mass culture”, the devaluation of moral and moral values, people’s departure from reality into the world of illusions (drug addiction), the growth of aggression, neuropsychiatric diseases, including due to mass computerization, the problem of the responsibility of scientists for the consequences of their discoveries.
International organizations. International organizations and UN movements. United Nations. A universal international organization of states to maintain and strengthen peace, security and the development of cooperation between states. UNICEF Children's Fund. The leading UN organization that deals with the tasks of ensuring the survival, protection and development of children. WHO World Organization health care. The UN agency, whose activities are aimed at combating especially dangerous diseases, preventing the spread of epidemics, developing international sanitary standards. ILO International organization labor. UN agency dealing with the socio-economic problems of workers (regulation of working hours, social insurance, the fight against unemployment, etc.).
International organizations. IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank). An international financial organization within the UN structure to stimulate the economic development of member countries, promote the development of international trade, maintain balance of payments, and provide long-term loans for development purposes. IMF International Monetary Fund. International Monetary and Financial Organization to maintain the stability of the exchange rate, promote the development of international trade, and provide foreign currency loans. WTO World Trade Organization. An international organization that deals with international trade rules is designed to prevent “trade wars." IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency. Organization established for the development of international cooperation in the field of peaceful use atomic energy (they control nuclear power plants, provide assistance in the elimination of accidents, etc.). International Red Cross. International Association of Volunteer Societies: helping prisoners of war, sick and wounded warriors, starving and affected by natural disasters. Greenpeace " Green World". Independent international public organizationaiming to preserve the environment. Club of Rome An international non-governmental scientific organization whose activities are aimed at developing tactics and strategies for resolving global problems. Pugwash movement. The social movement of scientists for peace, disarmament, international security, for the prevention of world thermonuclear war and scientific cooperation, discusses the problem of the responsibility of scientists for the fate of their discoveries (name at the site of the 1st conference in the town of Pugwash in Canada). Anti-globalism. A movement that has its supporters around the world: the radicals advocate an international revolution and the destruction of capitalism; moderate for equalizing inequalities, control over transnational corporations, maintaining resistance in the third world, maintaining “alternative” civilizations.
Various forecasts of the development of modern society Futurology (futurum future) doctrine of the future. This concept first appeared in a scientific language in 1943 and has become extremely popular these days. The global forecast is a forecast of the development of mankind in the light of existing global problems. Global forecasts are developed in three main directions: pessimistic, predicting in the near future global resource, environmental, food crisis and offering a way out of reducing population and production (English scientist Thomas Malthus); optimistic, believing that the bowels of the Earth, the oceans and outer space contain a lot of raw and energy resources that have not yet been developed; population explosion is not eternal; the reduction of military spending and the establishment of peace on Earth will become a vital necessity and reality, which means that the path to sustainable economic prosperity will open and the social, scientific and technological progress of mankind will become possible (German scientist Fritz Baade); neutral, proceeding from the fact that it is impossible to say with certainty whether global trends will lead to terrible disasters or will be prevented, since there are no limits to a person's ability to adapt to the environment (American scientist Paul Kennedy).
Output. The variety of global problems is striking, their pace of development and awesome. However, people of good will are able to do a lot to do to slow them down, limit their impact and even correct the situation as a whole. Otherwise, humanity will only have to blame itself for all subsequent disasters. Apocalypse or Golden Age? The choice is ours ...
References. Kishenkova O.V. The latest story. Grades 9, 11 .: Method. allowance. M .: Bustard, C; Guidelines at the course "Man and society". H class / Bogolyubov L.N. et al. M .: Education, S. 7680; Kennedy P. Entering the twenty-first century. M .: The whole world, s .; Toynbee A.J. Civilization before the court of history. M .: Rolf, p .; Yakovets Yu. V. History of civilizations. M .: Humanity. ed. center VLADOS, C
“Venture Philanthropy” - 5. Difference from traditional philanthropy. 15. 9. Goals of venture philanthropy. 12. How is venture philanthropy related to the concept of risk? [email protected] 6. Gagarin Fund - features. 10. Maria Gagarina “The Gagarin Fund” on June 29, 2009. 7.
“Economic activity” - Economics and economic activity. Resources. Rules, principles of organization of activities. Exchange connects consumption, production, distribution. Microeconomics. The concept of economics. Nominal GDP - the volume in current prices. Consumption. What gives a person an economy? Measuring instruments of economic activity.
“Telos Technologies” - Industry standard one hundred telos 01-11-99 for water structuring. A positive conclusion was obtained (Bryansk Medical and Diagnostic Center, 1998). 10. The project "telos-water." Telos generator t-101. Patent Technology Telos. Non-profit organization Foundation "Telos Technology". Since 1987 The work of telos enterprises on the subject of preparation (structuring) of drinking water.
"Nobel Prize" - Nobel Prize on literature. History of Nobel Prizes. Vargas Llosa translated a lot into Russian. Chemistry. 1956 year. Liu is a doctor of science and professor of Chinese literature. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded for a palladium catalyst. But the peace prize is announced and awarded in Oslo.
“The subject of sociology” - Social structure is a stable connection of elements in the social system. Social control - a means of social regulation of human behavior. Sociologism (the term E. Durkheim) is based on theoretical propositions. Realistic conflicts are stimulated by the intention to achieve some goal. Social status - the position taken by the individual in society.
“Cultural heritage” - Historical and cultural heritage in the regional teacher training program. Historical and cultural heritage of the Oryol region. Faculty of Arts and Popular Culture Faculty of Russian Literature. Interuniversity Department of Historical and Cultural Heritage. Disciplines of the program are designed to prepare a specialist to work as an organizer of local history work in educational institution: teacher of additional education, head of children's clubs and studios, tour guide.