Posted Thu, 04/12/2014 - 08:35 by Cap

Sikhote-Alin is a volcanic field of the region of the Mesozoic folding of the Pacific belt in the Far East of Russia in the territory of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Kraimov, which are a watershed of rivers and the Tatar Strait.
Length is 1200 km, width up to 250 km, maximum height 2090 m (Tordoki-Yani Mountain), also a height of more than 2 km above sea level (2003 m).

As a rule, the highest peaks of Sikhote-Alin have a sharply outline contour and covered with large-scale spaces on extensive spaces. Relief form resemble strongly destroyed circus and rocks of mountain glaciation.

Sand-shaped sediments with numerous intelsions breakthroughs, which led to the presence of gold, tin and polymetals deposits. In tectonic depressions within Sikhote-Alin, the deposits of stone and brown coal.

Foreigners are common basalt plateau, of which the largest plateau in the west of the Soviet harbor. Plateau sections are also found on the main watershed. The largest - Zevinskoe plateau, on the watershed of the Verkhovyev bikin and the rivers flowing into the Tatar Strait. In the south and east, Sikhote-Alin is a sharp middle ridges, in the West, numerous longitudinal valleys and basins, at the heights of more than 900 m - Goltsy. In general, Sikhote-Alin has an asymmetrical transverse profile. Western macroscone is more flat, than east. Accordingly, rivers flowing to the West are longer. This feature reflected in the title of the Range. Translated from the Manchurian language - the ridge of large western rivers.

Sikhote-Alin Mountain Snow

List of famous vertices:

№ Mountain Height above sea level (m)
1 Tordoki-Yani 2090 Khabarovsk region, Nanai district
2 to 2003 Khabarovsk region, district. Lazo.
3 Yako-Yani 1955 Khabarovsk Territory
4 Anik 1933 Primorsky Krai, Fairy district
5 Durce 1903 Khabarovsk region, district. Lazo.
6 Cloud 1855 Primorsky Krai, Chuguevsky district
7 Bolotnaya 1814 Primorsky Krai, Fairy district
8 Satellite 1805 Khabarovsk region, district. Lazo.
9 Acute 1788 Primorsky Krai, Ternaya district
10 ARSENEVA 1757 Primorsky Krai, Fairy district
11 High 1745 Primorsky Krai,
12 Snowy 1684 Primorsky Krai, Chuguevsky district
13 Olchova 1668 Primorsky Krai, partisan district
14 bald 1554 Primorsky Krai, partisan / Lazovsky districts
15 TOUNGA 1459 Khabarovsk Territory
16 Izubinina 1433 Primorsky Kranti Sikhote-Alin

Sikhote-Alin - Motherland of Amur Tigers, the largest representatives of the Feline family
The vegetation of Sikhote-Alin is diverse: South and central part This mountainous country up to heights of about 500 m is covered with coniferous-wide forests with a predominance of manchurian vegetation species, in the northern part coniferous forests From the ate of Anyanskaya and fir protein. At large altitudes there is a mountain tundra. In the lowlands of the mountains, the grass can reach a height of 3.5 m, and a solid carpet.

Endemic lives in the foothills of Sikhote-Alin - far Eastern Leopard. Other endemics Mountains are coniferous microbiota and larch Olginskaya.

Winter climate on the eastern slopes are soft, which is determined by frequent average January temperatures are -10-15 ° C. The amount of precipitation for the year is large (up to 800-1000 mm), but most of them falls in the summer. Snow Pokrov is formed in October-November and collapsed in March-April. The duration of the snow cover up to 120-150 days. Distribution of precipitation during the winter period is uniform. Maximum heights are observed in March.
During the winter period, heavy snowfalls, intense blizzards and deep thaws are quite frequent. The duration of a hardening period is up to 90 days, with a peak of avalanche activity in January-March, depending on the nature of precipitation during the cold period. Lavin volumes are small. For the most part of an avalanche-hazardous area there are avalanches of less than 10 thousand m³ and only some of them in the recharged sites of the central part of Sikhote-Alin can reach 30-50 thousand m³.

On the territory of Sikhote-Alin areas with a high degree of avalanche hazard. Most It occupy areas with a low degree of avalanche danger. Only the upper shovels of Bikin rivers, Choir, Anyu, Koppi and Samargi refer to areas with medium avalanche.
In 2001 Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve was included in the list World Heritage UNESCO as natural object, it becomes over the fourteenth object with the World Heritage status in Russia.

History of creating a reserve
For the first time a description of the nature of Middle Sikhote-Alin was made by the Russian explorer Far East, traveler and writer V.K.Arsenyev at the beginning of the 20th century. According to the results of a number of expeditions 1902-1910. The mountain region Sikhote-Alin was investigated, which was considered before the "white stain" on the geographic map. VC. Arsenyev noted the uniqueness, diversity and mosaic of the Sikhote-Alin mountain forests, which determined as the "Great Forest."

The anthropogenic effect on the natural complexes of the region in the first half of the 20th century was very weak. The territory was actively mastered only by hunting fishery, as a result of which by the 30th year, the number of many hunting species of animals was significantly reduced. Sikhote-Alin.

Therefore, the initial design of the Sikhote-Alinsky reserve was under the auspices of activities to create a network of major sable reservoirs, which was to ensure the restoration of highly undermined reserves of this most valuable fur animal, both in Siberia and the Far East.

Places for organizing civic reservations chose special expeditions. One of the first such expeditions was made in 1930-1931. Under the guidance of Okoven K.Abramov and Zoologov M. Preparensky. Although its main goal was cool, already in this talid campaign Abramov looked after the sections with preserved rare animals - spotted deer, the mountain.

In 1933, under the leadership of K.Abramov and the Moscow scientist V.STahanov, the "huntingoprisobiological" expedition was carried out. The first detachment was headed by K. Abramov, the second - Y. Salmin. Abramov passed the valleys of the Hungari rivers, Bikin and Arma; Salmin except visited several bikin tributaries. This expedition came to the following conclusion: given the unique natural wealth of the surveyed territory, in Middle Sikhotee, it is necessary to create a large comprehensive reserve. But the selected path was not smooth. Abram had to fight not only with "fists", poachers, "separate backward elements", but also with government procurement organizations. The creation of the Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve caused an open hostility from local fishing enterprises that shot a wild beast to power the workers and piled a beautiful forest, mainly cedar, on firewood and for the manufacture of containers. Abramov also sought the goal of the incredible pressure head. In this expedition, Abramov and Salmin got acquainted and next year, on behalf of the Committee on Reserves, under the WTCIK, he headed the reconnaissance of the design of the Sikhote-Alinsky reserve.

izbak. G.Abramov and Yu.A.Salmin provided a compelling justification for the creation of an integrated reserve, compact in the territorial plan in Mid Sikhote-Alina. It is impossible to overestimate the merit of Abramov in the legal and administrative design of such a huge territory under the reserves in the state institutions of Khabarovsk and Vladivostok. Even on the "team on top", from Moscow, the Far Eastern leaders in the main forest and hunting and hunting equipment opposed to sign documents on the transmission of land by environmental institution. One of the projects provided for the inclusion of a huge area in its border - 3.5 million gg. On February 10, 1935, the SchCSR SCC, and the Sikhote-Alin Reserve on the square of 1 million hectares with the security zone - 700 thousand hectares was established together with other reserves.

The director was appointed K.G.Abramov, and Yu.A. Shelmin became his deputy on science. The first steps of the Nature Reserve's team were very fruitful: from 1935 to 1941. Construction of taable huts, laying a trail, design of the boundaries of the reserve, organization of a systematic study wildlife Middle Sikhote-Alin. According to the memories of A.I. Kurentsov, thanks to Abramov, in a short time, not only the territory of the reserve, but also separate adjacent areas of the taiga, were purified from the Taygetic poacher predators. First of all, the Chinese, permanent poachers behind the Pants, Ginseng, which grown in the deaf binding of the opium poppy and the moon-moonshine from millet. The result of Abramov has become a significant increase in the territory of the reserve. Since 1944, the reserve area has been increased and amounted to 1800 million hectares without a security zone. Sikhote-Alin.

The role of Abramov in the development of the North of the Far East, Konstantin Georgievich is also one of the founders of the Ternaya district and the district center of PGT TERNE.

rukovskypioners studying the nature of the nature reserve became talented scientists who later received wide fame: G. Bromley, K.Y.Gruunin, B.P. Kolesnikov, A.I. Kurentsov, Yu.A. Liveurovsky, V.D.Shamykin and DR . In a short pre-war period, they spent a lot of interesting studies and prepared four volumes scientific Labors The reserve (two of which, due to military conditions, did not see light).

In a pre-war, the team of the reserve restored the number of a sable, acclimatized American mink. Unfortunately, in 1951, in 1951, many reserves of the country were closed on the wave of persecution for biological science, the Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve Square was reduced to 100 thousand hectares. In this connection, the number has fallen sharply and species composition Beasts and birds, first of all rare. After a few years, it was proved that at a small area it is unlikely to preserve rare plants and animals of Sikhote-Alin. In 1961, the territory of the reserve was increased to 310 thousand hectares.

Currently, the territory of the reserve is 401600 hectares and includes 2900 hectares. The main territory is 397400 hectares, the abrection tract - 4200 hectares. Square zone area - 67660 hectares. On land, the security zones covers both parts of the reserve, their width from 1 km to 5.5 km. At sea, the protected width of width in 1 km is adjacent to both parts of the reserve.

The reserve is located on the territory of the three regions of the Primorsky Territory: Ternaya, Krasnoarmeysky and Dalnegorsky. Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve is able to be a full-fledged reserve for most species of animals and plants. In this regard, in 1979, the UNESCO forum the reserve was assigned the status of a biosphere, and in 2001 the reserve is included in the list of World Territories natural Heritage UNESCO. In July 2006, the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation Sikhote-Alinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve was awarded the name of his organizer and the first director, the founder of the protected case in the Far East, Zoologist Konstantin Georgievich Abramov. Sikhote-Alin.

Mount Tordoki Yani
Tordoki Yani (Taroki-Yanga) - one of the mountain peaks of the south of the Far East of Russia in the Amur region, in the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory
The highest peak in Sikhote-Alin mountain system, height - 2090.4 meters above sea level (according to BSE 2077 m). It is located in the southeastern part of the Khabarovsk Territory north of the border of the Primorsky Territory.

South of the mountain peak is the source of the Anyu River.
On the northern slopes of the mountain massif, the carbon niches remained, which remained since the time of the last period of glaciation, when they had carot glaciers. Currently, they and the adjacent origins of rivers are filled with minor with small lakes (large, top, Marygrikino).
Mount Tordoki-Yani itself is a "rest" between three closely located, almost mulled carriage niches in the origins of the bombing river. The excess of the bottoms of the river is about 500 m, above the Valley of the River Anyuj, located 10 km to the east - more than 1600 m.
The upper border of the forest in the mountain range of Tordoki-Yani is located on a height of about 1400 m. Above the narrow strip is the belt of the cedar staber, and above it the zone of mountain tundras, kurums, stony scaldings and rocks.

mountain Gloria Sikhote-Alin

Sikhote-Alin Meteorite
I would like to tell you this amazing story. Sikhote-Alin meteorite, the largest iron meteorite observed in the fall and relating to the unique phenomena of nature.
The total weight of about 70 tons. Fell on February 12, 1947 at 10 h 38 min in the morning local maternity leave in Western Sikhote-Alin (Primorsky Krai RSFSR).
When driving in the earth's atmosphere with space speed The meteorite was stripped up for thousands of parts and fell by iron meteorite rain on an area of \u200b\u200b3 km2.
The fall was accompanied by a bright chamber observed in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Lands of the RSFSR within a radius of up to 400 km. On the way of the movement of the car, a dust trail was formed, which was visible within a few hours.

After the disappearance of the car, strikes, rumble and hum; In places there was a shaking of soil and buildings. Estimating the decline in the fall of meteorite rain and the collection of its parts was performed by a number of expeditions of the Committee on the Meteorites of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of V. G. Fesenkov, E. L. Krinova and S. S. Fonton.

At the scene of the fall, 24 meteorite crater was detected with a diameter of 9 to 26 m, 98 funnel with a diameter of 0.5 to 9 m and 78 holes with a diameter of less than 0.5 m, formed by a drop in individual meteorites. Larger meteorites, weighing from several hundred kg to several tons, when hitting the rocks, split into a lot of fragments, a meteorite dust was formed, a numerous minor meteorites, a mass of grams of grams, up to several kg, was scattered. In the taiga. By the mid-70s. 20 centuries. They were collected over 3500). The largest whole meteorites weigh 1745, 1000, 700, 500, 450, 350 kg. The total mass of the collected meteorite substance (entire meteorites and their fragments) is about 27 tons. Chemical composition With A. m. (In% by weight): Fe - 93.29, Ni - 5.94, CO - 0.38, Cu - 0.03, P - 0.56, S - 0.28; Other chemical elements are contained in insignificant quantities.

ripos of the Ussuri Sikhote-Alin River

Sikhote-Aligna Reserve
Archeology
On the territory of the reserve and adjacent territory there are monuments of different archaeological crops. To the most ancient of them, the settlement of the Ternian Anklav of Ustinovskaya Culture (Mesolith) (8-7 millennium BC). The settlement is located on average river. Taiga. The second in antiquity of the "Fertile" settlement is located on a terrace 600 meters from the seashore and belongs to the Lida culture (the Epoch of Paleometallo) (the end of the second and the beginning of the first millennium BC. E.). In the pool r. Djigitovka are located settlements: the Kunaley, Red Lake and the Middle Kingdom, related to medieval monuments of Mohaskaya, Bohai and Zhurzhensky cultures (the first and beginning of the second millennium N. e.), As well as fortresses and settlements of the Middle Ages and settlements of 19-20 centuries.

river Choir, Western Sikhote-Alin

Hydrology
The hydrological network of the reserve is characterized by a large density - 0.9 km per km². Most large rivers Within the reserve: Taiga (length of the reserve 35 km), Serebryanka (60.5 km), Djigitovka (37.5 km), Columbus (58.7 km) - the influx of p. Big Ussurka (). These are mountain and foothill rivers that feed on atmospheric precipitation and characterized by flood regime during the period of summer-autumn monsoon rains. In dry periods of the year, they are very melting, small ducts completely dry. Rivers are fast, with frequent rivers, and sometimes with waterfalls. Water transparent and cold. At the hottest time, the water temperature rarely rises above 16. The marine water area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 2900 hectares and stretched along the coast of a strip of 1 km width.

Climate
The climate of the reserve is wearing a pronounced monsoon character, manifested in a sharply opposite change of wind direction in winter and summer. The annual sum of the temperatures of the growing season of the reserve about 2000-2500 ° C, frosting period - 105-120 days, the growing season of about 150 days, the annual amount of precipitation is more than 700 mm. The main amount of precipitation (75-85%) falls into the smokery, wet season - from April to November.

The climate in certain parts of the reserve is rather diverse due to the complexity of the relief and other physico-geographical features of the area. Most of all his difference is manifested in the eastern and western macroscone of Sikhote-Alin. East macroscone is and Pacific OceanTherefore, its climate is characterized by increased humidity and the smoothness of most hydrometeorological phenomena. Here in the first half of summer there is a predominance of sea winds, always accompanied by sharp cooling with fogs and protracted rains. Western slopes, being under the constant "defense of" Sikhote-Alin mining system, are isolated from the direct influence of the sea, which is why the climate is more continental. The average monthly temperature January on the eastern slopes -12.4 0s, while on Western -22.6 0s, average temperature July, respectively, +15 0 ° C and +19.1 0С. A similar picture and in relation to the amount of precipitation for the year: on the Western slopes there are about 650 mm, and on the eastern up to 800 mm.

Difference climatic conditions It is observed in the context of individual vertical zones and slopes of various exposures. The high-altitude areas of relief and shadow slopes are characterized by a more severe climate and lower average air temperatures throughout the year.

By the nature of the snow cover, the territory of the reserve refers to the Skhota-Alinsky district with uneven thickness and duration of snow cover. The smallest number of snow falls on the central waterproof of Sikhote-Alin. Because of the low power of the snow cover and rather low temperatures, the soil freezes at a depth of 1.5 - 2.0 m. In places of output, some keys are formed. Ice thickness on them 3 m or more.

Thanks to the mountainous relief, a pronounced temperature inversion takes place. It arises as a result of the "flowing" of cold air from the vertices and the slopes of the mountains in lowering and valleys of the rivers.

Partisan Range Sikhote-Alin

Soil
Soil cover of the territory of the reserve is complex and multicomponent. It was formed in the situation of a huge variety of plant associations, climatic and geomorphological conditions, the varnograph of the petrographic and petrochemical compositions of the indigenous rocks (and the weathered products formed from them are soil-forming substrates). Vertical zonality with a wide range of humid landscapes from warm and moderately warm wide forests of a manchuric appearance to cold spruce-larch edging and cedar stabes causes a vertical number of soils from warm wet bourgeogeneous soil formation to cold wet alpha humus (illuvial-aluminum-gumus). At the same time, for each height belt, a peculiar manifestation (and interaction) of factors forming its soil cover (Gracheva, Targulian, 1978) is characterized.

With a vertical change of bioclimatic conditions, the burst of cedar-wide and oak forests are replaced by the illuvial-humus under cedrels with oak, the al-Fe podzoles are humus cedarns with fir and fir, and above - subbours and subzoles of spruce-firing and larch forests. In the floodplains of rivers, primitive alluvial soils are common, replacing at higher levels of river valleys first by ferrous-alluvial, and then burze-turf and turf-bourgean. Under conditions of difficult drainage, gley, ellyivial-gley, peat and peat soils are formed.

Relief
According to the scheme of physico-geographical zoning, the Sikhote-Alin Reserve is within the Sikhote-Alin Mountain Region of the Amuro Primorskaya country. The territory of the reserve is located at the junction of three provinces: Central-Sikhote-Alin; West Sikhote-Alin; East Sikhote-Alinsky.

The reserve is located in the central part of Sikhote-Alin, an extensive mountain structure stretched along from the Ussuri Bay in the south to the north. Sikhote-Alin on the whole world, and especially in the central part, consists of numerous, difficult to intertwined mountain varies and hills with the average height of the mountains 800 m N.M. Characteristic feature The relief of Sikhote-Alin in general is morphostructural asymmetry with gentle and wide western slopes and short ripples eastern. Accordingly, the biases of the bed are different, erosion activity is manifested with different intensity. Within the western slope of the vertices, there are rounded outlines and often flat surfaces of watersheds, on the eastern slope, the watershed ridges are sharply outlined, the slopes are very cool and in the upper part, as a rule, convex.

The following high-altitude levels are highlighted in the relief of the district:
1. Waterproof level of middle highways with prevailing absolute marks 700-1200 m N.M. (1598 m - Gremmechak)
2. Water regulatory level of lowland with ABS. Heights 300-500 m N.M.
3. The level of hilly-dummy floors with ABS. Heights of 100-200 m N.M.
4. River and sea terraces of a modern hydrographic network with maximum exceeding 60-70 m n.

Maximum height of N.M. - 1598 m G. Germamaka. The lowest form of relief are modern river valley terraces represented by low (0.5 - 1.5 m) and high (1.5 - 2 m) floods over river levels. Next followed sea accumulative terraces (2 - 10 m).

The reserve has two plots: in the south of the mouth of the river. B. Inok to the mouth of the CL. The third, and in the north of Cape the firstborn (1.5 km north) to the mouth of the CL. Commissioner. The direction of the shore is northeast, almost straight or winding. Abrasion shores are dominated by a height from several meters to several hundred meters. Along the fittings of the narrow strip (5-30 m), the collar-pebble beach stretches, near the mouth of the rivers replacing on sandy-pebble or sandy. Often there are abrasion shores without a beach, with coastal cliffs, tearing right into the sea near the shore. Frections abrasion remains (kecura). Small bays are usually wide (up to 2 km) are open from the sea and shallow (up to 3 km) go into land (Jigit Bay).
Most bays are a continuation of rivers flowing into them and constitute the remnants of Estairiev.

South Primorye Sikhote-Alin

Tourist routes Reserve
Excursion ecological route "Urochyschi clear"
The route starts from the village of Terenna and 27 km travels along the road to the "Clear" bark to the Cordon of the Reserve. From here, the hiking route begins, in the valley of the beautiful river, cedar-wide and deciduous forests, formed as a result of fires of the early XX century. It has all the stages of the resumption of cedar forests, depending on the strength of the fire and gravity conditions. The trail goes through a picturesque, a kind of natural landscape.
There are often numerous traces of waters of hoofs: pores of boars, traces of raisins and a roe. Also, on the route you can see a rare plant from the family of orchid - Calypso onion, which are listed in the Red Book.

Excursion ecological route "Lake Feak - Bay Comfortable"
Excursion provides an excellent opportunity to observe waterfowl, especially during autumn and spring flights.

Lake fertile one of the major lagoon lakes, which is a beautiful bowl surrounded by the mountains. From the sea of \u200b\u200bthe lake separates only non-trap pebble beachWhich during the storm is blurred by the waves, and the lake for some time communicates with the sea.

The thick thickets of shrubs and herbs on the shores of the lake, the forest on the slopes of the mountains is the place of nesting of many species of birds. In the autumn and spring on the lake, thousands of migratory birds are resting and feeding, including species listed in the Red Book.

mountains Teeth Dragon Sikhote-Alin

Excursion ecological route "Kabani tract"
The route introduces S. various species The vegetation of the East Macroclone Sikhote-Alin and the rare communities of the Far East of Russia.
From naval dubnyakov to the belt of fir-fir forests, the route passes along the southern borders of the reserve along the dijilitsky river basin. Excursants will get acquainted with virgin cedar-fir and spruce-fir forests. This is the only place in Russia, where it grows very rare, the relict plant is Rhododendron Fori. It also meets another rare relic appearance - Tis Poznokone.
From the observation deck, the major trees of Topol Maximovich, which are famous for their sizes are clearly visible. Can be found giant treesreaching 1.5-2 m. In diameter. Often, the hollow inside this tree, the Himalayan Bear uses both berry.

Excursion ecological route "Cape North"
Excursion introduces Larga spotted sealer (Phoca Largha Pallas). The rookery is located on the rocks of the North Cape. Seals are held here round yearAnd during the summer fence, and during the autumn-winter migrations, up to 400 seals accumulates on the stones.
Here, land is the territory of the reserve, and the adjacent sea section is a security zone of the reserve.

The route starts from the suprara of the stream of the dry key, where they come to spawning salo species Fish. Next passes through the forest and meadow. Tourists will be able to see Manchurian Walnut, Olhu, ash, Maple. Spring abundantly bloomed violets, farm forest. Summer Borschevik, Chemeritsa Daurskaya.
On the entire section of the trails there are traces of wildlife of boars, spotted deer, raisrery, hares, roe deer, bear traces and tiger.

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Source of information and photo:
Social team
http: //Sialin.rf.
Windannikov V. V. Geological structure of the Sikhos-Alinsky Reserve and Central Sihino-Alin

Small Atlas of the World ISBN 5-85576-095-2
Sikhote-Alin became the object of world heritage
http: //100chudes.rf/
Atlas of the Khabarovsk Territory, FSUE "Far Eastern Aerogeodesic Enterprise" 2004
http://rus-atlas.ru/
Sikhote-Alin - an article from the Big Soviet Encyclopedia
http://www.tigers.ru/
http://allrefs.net/
http://www.photosight.ru/
Photo: V. Karmanova,

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In addition, Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve is located within the range amur tiger And knowing that the most extensive and many years of scientific studies of this predator are being conducted here. Every year, in the footsteps and personnel with photodewives, scientists fix an average of about 20 representatives of the species.

In addition to the tiger on the territory of the reserve, there are brown and Himalayan bears, American mink, Kaban, Koslya and Far Eastern forest cat. More than 15 species of animals and birds listed in the International Red Book, in particular Amur Goral, Beloham, and White Orlans are inhabited.

Local flora is not less remarkable. Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve is a reserve of a large number of rare and endangered plants. Almost all the territory of the reserve is covered with cedar, fir-fir-fir and oak-birch forests. Only in this part of the mainland Russia, these rarest plants can be found as Rhododendron Fori and the Izsky primrose.

For the first time, the description of the nature of Middle Sikhote-Alin was made by Russian researchers at the beginning of the 20th century, before that places remained a white spot on the country's map. Only hunting fishery was actively conducted, as a result of which the number of many animal species was significantly reduced, therefore, the initial design of the Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve was accounted as part of the program for creating a network of major sable reservations. Officially, the reserve was established on February 10, 1935.

Already later, scientists have been established that this territory is also of great value as a plot of Primorye, which has retained the entire complex of flora and fauna, which are characteristic of this region. In 1979, the reserve entered the worldwide network of biosphere reserves, and in 2001, the central Sikhote-Alin was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In addition to the natural riches of the land of the reserve, historical artifacts are stored: monuments of different archaeological crops are located on the territory of the reserve and in its surroundings. To the most ancient of them, the settlement of the Ternian Anklav of Ustinovskaya Culture (VIII-VII millennium BC). The second in antiquity of the settlement, fertile, is located on the terrace 600 meters from the coast of the sea and refers to the Lida culture (End II - the beginning of the I millennium BC.).

Currently, the territory of the reserve occupies 401,600 hectares, including 2900 hectares of the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Japanese Sea. The main tasks of the reserve are the security natural territories, preservation biological diversitycarrying out scientific research and the implementation of environmental monitoring.

Also much attention is paid to the development of ecotourism and environmental education. Employees of the reserve organize various environmental events, holidays and shares, as well as a variety of contests and exhibitions. One of the most striking events held with the support of the reserve is the tiger's traditional annual day. This holiday dedicated to rare predator is accompanied by fun competitions and competitions, masquerade and carnival procession.

To introduce visitors to the Nature of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve, there are five excursion routes with a total length of more than 130 kilometers on its territory. The most convenient time to visit the protected routes - from May to October. Excursions are designed for several hours and assume both hiking and moving by car. The cost of excursions is from 300 rubles per person.

For those who are not ready to overcome long distances, in information center The reserve is open to the Nature Museum - five diors of the plant and animal world of the reserve at the time of the year amid beautiful landscapes of Sikhote-Alin. Also created a small exposition of the objects of the small people of the North Primorye "Udege", which gives an idea of \u200b\u200btheir culture and lifestyle.

How to get

A trip to the reserve by itself can be a journey. Gate Sikhote-Alinsky natural Reserve Is the village of Terenna - one of the northern coastal villages of the Primorsky Territory. You can get here from Vladivostok either by bus that will take about 14 hours or on personal transport. There are regular flights to Terekia and the village of Plastun.

For organized groups arriving at the Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve, accommodation is available on Cordon, where you can live for several days on the lap of nature. In the villages of Terny and Plastun you can also book a hotel.

Area: 406 thousand hectares

Criteria: (x)

Status: included in the World Heritage List in 2001

Compound objects:
Sikhote-Alinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve with a buffer zone and regional reserve "Holyral" (692150, Primorsky Krai, Ternaya district, PGT. TERNEY, ST. PARTIZANSKAYA, 44)

For the first time, the Nature of Central Sikhote-Alin was made by Vladimir Arsenyev at the beginning of the twentieth century. Then he noted the uniqueness, diversity, the mosaic of natural mountain forest systems Sikhote-Alin, which determined as the "Great Forest".

The object includes plain and mountain tundra, one of the largest array of primary boreal forests in Europe, an extensive water supply system. Observation of this protected for over 50 years of territory provides invaluable information about natural natural processes that determine the biodiversity of taiga ecosystems.

The Russian South of the Far East is one of the largest and least affected people areas where natural ancient coniferous-broad-willed and broad-sized forests have been preserved. The region is located on the great path of the settlement of plants and animals along the Pacific coast of Asia from the tropics to moderate breadth. In this regard, the heat and cold-leisure representatives of flora and fauna live here, among which many endemic manchurian species, oxidic species and even subtropicals.

The reserve presents many rare and endangered species, a significant part of which is preserved only within its limits. The flora of higher plants here has about 1,200 species, birds within the central Sikhote-Alin is known more than 370 species, mammals - 71.

Mountain Country Sikhote-Alin is the world's last large holistic area populated by the Amur tiger. Many other rare and endangered, endemic species for the region - Amur Gorall, Belogruda Bear, Japanese and Black crane, black stork, scaly crochal, Fishille, ginseng, Rhododendron Fori, etc. Today Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve - the largest good A protected natural reserve in the belt of coniferous-deciduous forests of Eurasia and America.

Picturesque relief, full-flow rivers in combination with an exceptional variety of vegetable and animal world - exotic plants and animals resembling tropics, attach the nature of Sikhote-Alin unique features. Here are a lot of objects with aesthetic and recreational significance: rocks among taiga, waterfalls, lakes and thresholds, bizarre stone remains, reefs, sandy coast of the sea sea. Numerous monuments of different archaeological crops are located on the territory of the reserve and adjacent territory.

In February 2015, 80 years old one of the oldest specially protected natural territories of the Far East, the largest in the Primorsky Territory Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve.

The reserve is located in the heart of the Primorsky Territory, more than 600 kilometers from Vladivostok. Since 2001, the territory of the reserve is included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List.

The abrek tract - the habitat of Amur Malla. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky biosphere reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

The unique nature of the reserve, the territory of which extends along both the slopes of the Sikhote-Alin Ridge and includes a maritime water management characterized by the highest biological diversity.
In addition to the huge number of types of flora and fauna, the reserve is one of beautiful seats Planets that every year more and more tourists attract here, including foreign ones.

During the entire time of its existence, the main task of the Sikhote-Alinsky reserve was the preservation of the rarest cat of the planet - the Amur Tiger. It is from here in the postwar years, when the total number of tiger was no more than 50 individuals, he began to spread through the territory of the region. The reserve has a rich and an interesting storyMany outstanding scientists worked here.

Svetlana Suttyrin

For the first time, a description of the nature of Middle Sikhote-Alin was made by the Russian explorer of the Far East, a traveler and writer Vladimir Claudiyevich Arsenyev At the beginning of the 20th century. According to the results of a number of expeditions, 1906 - 1910. The mountain region Sikhote-Alin was investigated, which was considered before the "white stain" on the geographic map. Arsenyev noted the uniqueness, diversity and mosaic of the Sikhote-Alin mountain forests, which determined as the "Great Forest."

Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve is, first of all, stunning views. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

IN Soviet Russia The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a reserve returned to returned at the beginning of the 30s. XX century, after special expeditions were conducted to organize solo reserves. One of these expeditions was headed by the Woofer Konstantin Abramov, he, together Yuri Salmin He headed the reconnaissance of the projected Sikhote-Alinsky reserve. And then became the first director of this conservative organization.

Lynx. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Suttyrin

The reserve is located in the central part of the Sikhote-Alin Ridge, on the territory of the three administrative regions of the Primorsky Territory: Terena, Krasnoarmeysky and Dalnegorsky.

In total, there are 1076 species of vascular plants, 280 species of mugh-shaped, 434 types of lichens, 670 species of algae, 740Vides of mushrooms, 72 species of mammals (of which 11 marine), more than 350 species of birds, 8 types of reptiles, 5 types of amphibians, 32 species Fish, 334 views of marine invertebrates and about 4 thousand types of ground invertebrates

Razyzyri in Kaplanovsky Solonges. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

Assessing the scale of protected nature, in 1979 at the UNESCO Forum, the reserve is assigned the status of the biosphere, thereby including it in the global monitoring network as a standard of the pristine landscape.

In 2001, the territory of the reserve is included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List as "an object that includes the most important or significant natural medium Habitat to preserve biological diversity in it, including endangered species of exceptional global value from the point of view of science and protection. " Total listed 26 russian objectsOf these, 12 are natural, including Sikhote-Alin.

Ducks - Mandarin. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

The main task of the nature reserve is the protection of the minor ecosystems of the Sikhote-Alin Range on the junction natural zones, as well as rare species The fauna of Primorye is primarily the Amur Tiger and Mount.

Young Amur Hall. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

There are such types of animals like: Brown and Himalayan Bear, Sable, Harza, Columns, Amur Tiger, Cabar, Cabagra, Far Eastern Forest Cat, Amur Groal, Spotted Deer, Scaly Crochal, Mandarin, Skop, Dickshaw, Fish Filin, Crested Eagle , Beloham and whitefish orlans and many others.

Spotted deer. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Suttyrin

On the territory of the reserve and adjacent territory there are monuments of different archaeological crops. To the most ancient of them, the settlement of the Ternian Anklav of Ustinovskaya Culture (Mesolith) (8-7 millennium BC). The settlement is located on average river. Taiga. The second in antiquity of the "Fertile" settlement is located on a terrace 600 meters from the seashore and belongs to the Lida culture (the Epoch of Paleometallo) (the end of the second and the beginning of the first millennium BC. E.). In the pool r. Djigitovka are located settlements: the Kunaley, Red Lake and the Middle Kingdom, related to medieval monuments of Mohaskaya, Bohai and Zhurzhensky cultures (the first and beginning of the second millennium N. e.), As well as fortresses and settlements of the Middle Ages and settlements of 19-20 centuries.

Lake fertile on the background of the Mountain Camel. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

In the recent days of May, a very important event for the Sikhote-Alinsky reserve - a heraldic Council under the President Russian Federation considered and approved the project of the new emblem of the reserve.

Now instead of the little-known public of the Rare Plant of the Izsky Priorior, the image of which for more than 20 years served as a sign of the reserve, the Amur Tiger will be bliss on the emblem of this environmental organization.

Amur tiger. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Suttyrin

In addition, the Sikhote-Alin Reserve is located within the range of the Amur Tiger and is known for the fact that the most extensive and many years of scientific research of this predator are being conducted here. Every year, in the footsteps and personnel with photodewives, scientists fix an average of about 20 representatives of the species.

In addition to the tiger on the territory of the reserve, there are brown and Himalayan bears, American mink, Kaban, Koslya and Far Eastern forest cat. More than 15 species of animals and birds listed in the International Red Book, in particular Amur Goral, Beloham, and White Orlans are inhabited.

Local flora is not less remarkable. Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve is a reserve of a large number of rare and endangered plants. Almost all the territory of the reserve is covered with cedar, fir-fir-fir and oak-birch forests. Only in this part of the mainland Russia, these rarest plants can be found as Rhododendron Fori and the Izsky primrose.

For the first time, the description of the nature of Middle Sikhote-Alin was made by Russian researchers at the beginning of the 20th century, before that places remained a white spot on the country's map. Only hunting fishery was actively conducted, as a result of which the number of many animal species was significantly reduced, therefore, the initial design of the Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve was accounted as part of the program for creating a network of major sable reservations. Officially, the reserve was established on February 10, 1935.

Already later, scientists have been established that this territory is also of great value as a plot of Primorye, which has retained the entire complex of flora and fauna, which are characteristic of this region. In 1979, the reserve entered the worldwide network of biosphere reserves, and in 2001, the central Sikhote-Alin was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In addition to the natural riches of the land of the reserve, historical artifacts are stored: monuments of different archaeological crops are located on the territory of the reserve and in its surroundings. To the most ancient of them, the settlement of the Ternian Anklav of Ustinovskaya Culture (VIII-VII millennium BC). The second in antiquity of the settlement, fertile, is located on the terrace 600 meters from the coast of the sea and refers to the Lida culture (End II - the beginning of the I millennium BC.).

Currently, the territory of the reserve occupies 401,600 hectares, including 2900 hectares of the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Japanese Sea. The main tasks of the reserve are the protection of natural territories, the preservation of biological diversity, the conduct of scientific research and the implementation of environmental monitoring.

Also much attention is paid to the development of ecotourism and environmental education. Employees of the reserve organize various environmental events, holidays and shares, as well as a variety of contests and exhibitions. One of the most striking events held with the support of the reserve is the tiger's traditional annual day. This holiday dedicated to rare predator is accompanied by fun competitions and competitions, masquerade and carnival procession.

To introduce visitors to the Nature of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve, there are five excursion routes with a total length of more than 130 kilometers on its territory. The most convenient time to visit the protected routes - from May to October. Excursions are designed for several hours and assume both hiking and moving by car. The cost of excursions is from 300 rubles per person.

For those who are not ready to overcome long distances, the Nature Museum is open in the information center of the nature reserve - five diors of the plant and animal world of the reserve at the time of the year amid beautiful Landscapes of Sikhote-Alin. Also created a small exposition of the objects of the small people of the North Primorye "Udege", which gives an idea of \u200b\u200btheir culture and lifestyle.

How to get

A trip to the reserve by itself can be a journey. The gates of the Sikhote-Alin nature reserve is the village of Terenna - one of the northern coastal villages of Primorsky Krai. You can get here from Vladivostok either by bus that will take about 14 hours or on personal transport. There are regular flights to Terekia and the village of Plastun.

For organized groups arriving at the Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve, accommodation is available on Cordon, where you can live for several days on the lap of nature. In the villages of Terny and Plastun you can also book a hotel.