Presentation description for individual slides:

1 slide

Description of the slide:

Natural areas of Eurasia Eurasia is not only a museum of climates, but also a museum of natural areas

2 slide

Description of the slide:

3 slide

Description of the slide:

Arctic deserts are characteristic of many islands of the Arctic Ocean (Franz Josef Land, the northern island of Novaya Zemlya, the Northern Earth, the northern of the Novosibirsk Islands and partially the Wrangel Island). On the mainland, they are found only in the north of the Taimyr Peninsula. The climate in this area is very severe, eternal snows and glaciers are widespread. Most animals are marine life (seals, walruses, polar bears, Arctic foxes). Arctic desert

4 slide

Description of the slide:

The tundra stretches in a continuous strip from west to east of the mainland in the northern part. It is very similar to the tundra in many ways. North America, but there is no musk ox, because he is extinct. On the Taimyr Peninsula they are re-bred (from Canada). The most numerous inhabitants are reindeer, lemmings, arctic foxes, wolves, and many birds. Tundra

5 slide

Description of the slide:

Zone coniferous forests (taiga) stretched from the Atlantic to Pacific. Climatic conditions in the zone vary from west to east, so the species composition of trees is different. Pine and spruce on podzolic soils predominate in the west, fir and Siberian cedar grow in Western Siberia under conditions of severe swampiness, larch is widespread in permafrost-taiga soils, and dark coniferous taiga from Daurian larch, fir, Korean cedar grows on the Pacific coast. . In the taiga there are many valuable fur-bearing animals (sable, ermine, marten), of the large animals - moose, brown bears, lynxes, many birds. Taiga

6 slide

Description of the slide:

The mixed and deciduous forest zone is located only in the west and east temperate zone, it does not form a continuous strip. For European broad-leaved forests, oak and beech, maple and linden, hornbeam and elm are most characteristic. Animals The world of forests is very similar to taiga. The main decoration is the mighty bison forest bull. In the east, in the monsoon climate, a process of mixing northern and southern species. Here birch and bamboo coexist, creepers and wild grapes creep along the pine trees, brown bear can meet a tiger, and in Japan there are monkeys. Manchurian nut, Amur velvet, oak, linden grow. Mixed and deciduous forests

7 slide

Description of the slide:

They are located in the central parts of the continent, where the amount of precipitation decreases and evaporation increases. Steppes are treeless spaces with grassy vegetation, under which fertile chernozem soils are formed. They are almost completely plowed, and only in nature reserves are their natural landscapes represented. Of the animals rodents predominate (ground squirrels, field voles, mice). In the past, there were wild horses - tarpans, and wild bulls - tours. Forest steppes and steppes

8 slide

Description of the slide:

Semi-deserts and deserts of the temperate zone Semi-deserts and deserts of the temperate zone lie in the central parts of the continent, where there is very little rainfall, hot summers and cold winter. Vegetation (wormwood, hodgepodge, sand sedge) is sparse; there are desert sites with loose sands. The only woody plant is saxaul. It has no leaves, instead of them there are scales, so saxaul looks like a dry, dead tree. Among animals, reptiles and rodents predominate, hibernating for the winter. Previously, there were wild donkeys-kulans, Przhevalsky horses, wild camels.

9 slide

Description of the slide:

Located in the western part of the subtropical zone. Thanks to the mild and humid winters, the plants grow here all year roundHowever, a lack of moisture during the period of the most intense solar radiation led to the appearance of plants in plants, reducing evaporation. The vegetation is represented by forests of evergreen stone oak, wild olives, noble laurel, pine, cypress, myrtle, and strawberry tree. The zone is characterized by brown and red-colored soils with fertility and suitable for cultivation of subtropical crops. Hard-leaved evergreen forests and shrubs

10 slide

Description of the slide:

Deserts and semi-deserts of the subtropical zone Sub-tropical deserts and semi-deserts are located east of the Caspian Sea, on the highlands of Western Asia. The nature of the tropical desert zone resembles the nature of the deserts of North Africa. Of the vegetation, there are especially many ephemerals, which during the period of short spring rains manage to go through the entire development cycle. Of the animals, antelopes, hyenas, fennec foxes, and others live here.

11 slide

Description of the slide:

Evergreen monsoon forests In the east of the subtropical zone is a zone of evergreen alternating-humid forests. Forests consist of species of laurel leaves, camphor trees, magnolias, tung trees, bamboo thickets (giant cereals up to 10 m high), growing on yellow and red soil soils. Wild animals almost did not survive. There are deer, wild buffaloes, tigers, leopards, Himalayan bears, many monkeys, including gibbons. The most famous animal - the big panda - the emblem of the World Fund wildlife (WWF).

Characteristics of Natural Areas of Eurasia
zones
Klm. belts
Flora (4 species)
Fauna (4 species)
the soil
Arctic
the desert
Arctic
Mosses
lichens
polar poppy.
Polar bear,
lemming scribe
reindeer.
Perennial
permafrost
Tundra
Forest tundra
Taiga
Mixed broad bean
natural forests
Steppes
Deserts

Arctic deserts

The polar night lasts up to 150 days. Summer is short and
cold. Frost-free period with temperatures
above 0 ° C lasts only 10-20 days, very rarely up to 50
days. Coarse clastic placers
material. Soils are thin, underdeveloped,
rocky.

Arctic deserts

She is devoid of trees and
shrubs. Wide here
common scale
mountain lichens
rocks, mosses, various
seaweed on stony
only some
flowering.
Animal World Zone
Arctic submitted
polar bears
polar foxes
owls, deer. On the
rocky shores summer
seabirds nest
forming "bird markets".

Tundra

The surface of the tundra in the western regions represents
a vast plain with many rivers,
lakes and swamps.

Tundra

Tundra animals
adapted to
harsh conditions
existence. Many of
they leave the tundra on
winter some
(e.g. lemmings)
awake in the snow
others hibernate
Polar owl
Reindeer
musk ox
arctic fox
leaming
lingonberry

Forest tundra

The average July temperature here is + 10-14 ° С. Annual
the amount of precipitation is 300-400 mm. Precipitation falls
much more than can evaporate, therefore the forest-tundra
- one of the most boggy natural areas.

Forest tundra

reindeer
partridge
blueberry
lynx
cloudberry
In the fauna of the forest-tundra
dominate
lemmings also
different types in different
longitude zones
reindeer, arctic foxes,
partridges white
polar owl and
big variety
migratory
waterfowl and
small, settling in
bushes, birds
The tundra is rich
berry
shrubs -
cranberries, cranberries,
cloudberries, blueberries.

Taiga (coniferous forests)

The climate of the taiga is characterized by relatively warm and rather humid
in summer and cool, and in places cold in winter. Average annual
rainfall from 300 to 600 mm (in Eastern Siberia even decreases
up to 150-200 mm). The air temperature in summer often exceeds +30 ° C;
in winter, frosts reach 30 ... 50 ° C.

Taiga (coniferous forests)

By species
composition
distinguish
light coniferous
(Pine
ordinary
some
american
species of pine
larch trees
Siberian and
Daurian) and more
characteristic and
widespread
dark coniferous
taiga (spruce, fir,
cedar pine).
spruce
larch
fir
Pine
cedar

Taiga (coniferous forests)

Fauna of the taiga
richer and
more diverse than
animal world
tundra.
Numerous and
wide
common: lynx,
wolverine,
chipmunk sable
protein and others. Of
ungulates
meet north
and red deer
moose, roe deer;
numerous
rodents: hares,
shrews, mice. Of
birds are common: capercaillie,
hazel grouse, cedar,
crossbills and others

Deciduous forests

WOODWOOD FOREST - deciduous tree-shrub community with wide leaves of trees in different
combination - oak, beech, maple, linden, elm (elm), chestnut, ash and others .;

Deciduous forests

maple
Linden
oak
Birch
chestnut
ash

Deciduous forests

Forest steppe

Forest-steppe - a natural zone of the North
hemispheres characterized by a combination
forest and steppe plots.

Forest steppe

Steppe

Steppe - a plain overgrown with grassy vegetation, in
temperate and subtropical zones of the northern and southern hemisphere.
A characteristic feature of the steppes is almost complete
lack of trees

Steppe

Feathered Steppe
gazelle
meerkat
camel
bustard

Semi deserts and deserts

The semi-deserts of the temperate zone in Eurasia stretch
wide strip (up to 500 km) from the western part
Of the Caspian lowland, through Kazakhstan, Mongolia
to east china.

Semi deserts and deserts

scorpio
turtle
Fox Fenech
monitor lizard
viper
camel
Eared hedgehog

Hard-leaved forests,
subtropical evergreen forests mainly from xerophilous,
hard-leaved breeds. The canopy is single-tiered, with dense
undergrowth of evergreen shrubs.

Hard-leaved, evergreen forests and shrubs

needle
Olive Tree
laurel
lemon
mandarin
ficus

Southern natural areas

Savannahs and woodlands
Altitude Zones
Alternating wet and monsoon forests

Slide 1

Slide 2

Check homework I. Put in the appropriate columns + 1. Moisture deficit (less than 150 mm / g) 2.Wormwood and cereal vegetation predominate. 3. The ratio of heat and moisture is close to optimal. 4. The humidification coefficient in the zone varies from 0.6 - 0.8 at the northern border to 0.3 in the south. 5. The zone occupies the south of the European part and Western Siberia. 6. Sparse vegetation is sensitive to the proximity of groundwater. 7. Some animals hibernate in the summer. 8. One of the forms of disturbance of ecological balance is overgrazing. 9. The modern look is an agricultural landscape with artificial forest plantations. Natural zone Question number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Forest-steppe Steppes Semi-deserts Deserts

Slide 3

II. Find a match (Record in a notebook) Soils Natural zone Problems Black soil Forest-steppe Moisture deficit (250 mm / g) Desert gray earth Water and wind erosion Chestnut Semi-desert Droughts, dry winds, dust storms Gray Barrens Salinization

Slide 4

III. Perform the first task check 1. Moisture deficit (less than 150 mm / g) 2. Sagebrush-cereal vegetation predominates. 3. The ratio of heat and moisture is close to optimal. 4. The humidification coefficient in the zone varies from 0.6 - 0.8 at the northern border to 0.3 in the south. 5. The zone occupies the south of the European part and Western Siberia. 6. Sparse vegetation is sensitive to the proximity of groundwater. 7. Some animals hibernate in the summer. 8. One of the forms of disturbance of ecological balance is overgrazing. 9. Modern appearance - agricultural landscape with artificial forest plantations. Natural zone Question number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Forest steppes + + Steppes + + + Semi-deserts + + Deserts + +

Slide 5

Question number 1 Perform a second task check Find a match (Record in a notebook) Soils Natural zone Problems Gray Forest-steppes Water and wind erosion Chernozem Steppes Droughts, dry winds, dust storms Chestnut Half deserts Moisture deficit (250 mm / g) Desert gray earth Salinization

Slide 6

Purpose: To deepen knowledge about altitudinal zonation - the main pattern of change natural conditions in the mountains; Tasks: To form an idea of \u200b\u200baltitudinal zonation in the mountains of Russia; Identify causal relationships in high altitude. To get acquainted with the manifestation of altitudinal zonation in various mountains; Consider the influence of mountains on human life, health and economic activity.

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Altitudinal zonation is a regular change in natural conditions, natural zones, landscapes in the mountains Altitudinal zonation of the Caucasus Altitudinal zonation of the Urals

Slide 10

Compare the southeastern and northwestern parts of the northern slope of the Caucasus. Draw schemes in a notebook

Slide 11

Practical work: Compare and explain the differences in the altitudinal zones of the two parts of the Urals. I option "Polar and North Ural"II option" Subpolar and Southern Urals "

Natural areas of Eurasia

Geography Grade 7

The polar night lasts up to 150 days. Summer is short and cold. The frost-free period with temperatures above 0 ° C lasts only 10-20 days, very rarely up to 50 days. Loose-grained placers are common. The soil thin, underdeveloped, stony.

It is devoid of trees and shrubs. Scale lichens on rocks, mosses, various algae on rocky soils, and only some flowering plants are widespread here.

The fauna of the Arctic zone is represented by polar bears, arctic foxes, polar owls, deer. Seabirds nest on rocky shores in summer, forming “bird markets”.

Animals tundra adapted to the harsh conditions of existence. Many of them leave tundra for winter; some (e.g. lemmings) stay awake under the snow, others hibernate

Polar owl

Reindeer

lingonberry

Mosses and Lichens

The fauna of the forest-tundra is dominated by lemmings of different species in different longitudinal zones, reindeer, arctic foxes, partridges, white polar owl and a wide variety of migratory, waterfowl and small birds settled in the bushes, the tundra is rich in berry bushes - cranberries, cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries.

reindeer

partridge

blueberry

• By species composition there are light coniferous (ordinary pine, some American species of pine, Siberian and Daurian larch) and more characteristic and widespread dark coniferous taiga (spruce, fir, cedar pine).

larch

WOODFUL FORESTS - deciduous tree-shrub communities with wide leaves of trees in different combinations - oak, beech, maple, linden, elm (elm), chestnut, ash and others .;

Forest-steppe - The natural zone of the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by a combination of forest and steppe plots.

Steppe - A plain overgrown with grassy vegetation in the temperate and subtropical zones of the northern and southern hemisphere. A characteristic feature of the steppes is the almost complete absence of trees.

Feathered Steppe

Semi desert temperate zones in Eurasia extend a wide strip (up to 500 km) from the western part of the Caspian lowland, through Kazakhstan, Mongolia to eastern China.

scorpio

turtle

Fox Fenech

Eared hedgehog

Hard-leaved forests,

subtropical evergreen forests mainly from xerophilous, hard-leaved species. The canopy is single-tiered, with a dense undergrowth of evergreen shrubs.

Hard-leaved, evergreen forests and shrubs