The article presents a description of the existing system of interdepartmental interaction in the social accompaniment of families of the risk group and the results of implementation in educational organization Project based on a preventive approach in interdepartmental interaction when working with families of a risk group. The concept of "family of risk family" and the system of interdepartmental interaction when working with problem families are considered. The focus is on the study of the existing system of interdepartmental interaction and the study of its effectiveness. The model of organizing social support for families with children and the results of the survey of specialists working in the prevention system, which allowed to identify the specifics of interdepartmental interaction. The article substantiates the need for organizing and coordinating work on the basis of educational institution. The passport of the project "Friendly family", aimed at working with families of a risk group on the basis of an educational institution. The results of the survey of project participants are described. Called the most popular activities in the project participants. Information about the dynamics of families consisting on participation.
family of risk group
family socially dangerous position (SOP)
interdepartmental interaction
preventive approach
educational organization
1. Alekseeva L.S. Russian family In social risks // Domestic Journal of Social Work. - 2011. - № 1. - P. 42-51.
2. Buteva MA The causes and threats of the family crisis in modern Russia (Philosophical aspects) // Social Policy and Sociology. - 2010. - № 2. - P. 63-67.
3. BELICHEVA S.A. Socio-pedagogical support for children and families of a risk group: an interdepartmental approach (benefit for social workers and teachers): monograph. - M.: Ed, ed. Consortium Center " Social Health Russia, "2009. - 111 p.
4. Splitova G.S. Family from the risk group in everyday life // Family: phenomenology of everyday life: collective monograph. - N. Novgorod, 2016. - P. 61-77.
5. Mametieva O.S., Kuzmenko N.I. Family of "Risk Groups" as an object of social work // Science Today: Collection scientific Labors Based on materials. scientific study. conf.: In 4 parts. - Scientific Center "Dispan", 2015. - P. 106-108.
6. Barsukova T.M. Prevention of family disadvantage in the new batch of social work // Social service. - 2011. - № 9. - P. 37-39.
7. Mustayev F.A. Social problems of modern family // Socis. - 2009. - № 7. - P. 109-113.
8. Ahlustina E.V., Petushkova O.G. Algorithm for the implementation of case management in the activities of specialists from families "Risk Groups" // Scientific Community of Students. Interdisciplinary research: electronic collection of articles based on the materials of the XIX student international. scientific study. conf. - 2017. - P. 216-224.
The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that in Russia there are currently serious socio-economic changes that affect the formation of a family. According to research of Russian sociologists (Alekseeva L.S., Kartseva L.V., etc.) for the beginning of the XXI century a characteristic tendency social Development is a significant increase in family disadvantaged. Moral problems Societies complicate the system of value relations in the family, and the pedagogical failure of the parents reduces the educational potential of the family. Experts are increasingly talking about the families of the Risk Groups. Domestic scientists were engaged in studying this problem: Belicheva S.A. , Wiclikova G.S. , Mametieva O.S. and Kuzmenko N.I. and etc.
"Risk group" is a category of families, which, due to certain conditions of its life, is more than any negative influences on the part of society. The main reason for the classification of families to the category of "risk groups" is complex life circumstances, family disadvantages. Situation of family disadvantaged scientists (Barsukova TM, Belicheva S.A., Mustayev F.A. et al.) Consider as a situation of difficulties or impracticability to the full of its main functions and meet the necessary needs of family members. Depending on the depth of disorders in the execution of intrameal functions, we can talk about the risk of family transition into a socially dangerous position (SOP). A feature of such families is a negative, destructive effect on the formation of a child's personality.
Research methods. The article presents an analysis of the pedagogical and special literature, the results of the survey (specialists in the field of social accompaniment of families) and project participants.
The purpose of the article is a description of the existing system of operational interaction in the social accompaniment of families of the risk group and the results of implementation in the educational organization of a project based on a preventive approach in interdepartmental interaction when working with families of a risk group.
With all the efforts of the state and various departments aimed at preserving family well-being, the number of families different from the year in the year are growing. The table presents the statistics of family disadvantaged and its dynamics in Magnitogorsk from 2013 to 2016, confirming the theoretical conclusions of scientists (Table 1).
Table 1
Statistical data on families in accounting in Magnitogorsk
|
In total |
Family "Risk Groups" |
Family in a socially dangerous position |
||||||
According to statistics, for 2013-2015 there was an increase in families in a socially dangerous position, but the dynamics of a significant decrease in families and children of the category "Risk Group" category in the period 2014-2016 are traced. In 2016, on the contrary, a significant reduction in SOP occurred for the first time, but an increase in the number of children living in them is observed. This statistics says that the categories of families in a socially dangerous position often began to relate large familiesSince the number of families decreased, and the number of children has increased.
The researchers unanimously believe that effective measures in the activities of subjects when working with families of the Risk Group are the measures of early prevention. The earlier family disadvantage will be determined, the more successful social accompaniment of families of the risk group and minimized the risk of transition to the SOP family group. In the event of identifying the reasons for family disadvantages, the solution is possible in close cooperation of all specialists, including specialists of bodies and institutions of the prevention system of neglect and offenses. In this case, the priority is the organization of effective interdepartmental interaction.
Focusing on the task - improving the efficiency of social accompaniment of families of the risk group, was developed in accordance with the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442 "On the basics of social services to citizens in Russian Federation"And adopted for execution in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation model program to introduce social accompaniment of families with children. On its basis, a model of organizing social support for families (drawing) has been developed.
Model of organizing social accompaniment of families with children
It follows from the model that the work carried out with families, multidimensional. The basis of it is to draw up an individual social support program (IP SCC). At the same time, the model of work is focused on formal indicators, and from it "falls" a minor, often being suffering from adverse in-family relations. To explore the opinion of the specialists of the bodies and institutions of the prevention and neglect of offenses, working with minors and their families, a questionnaire was developed. This questionnaire paid attention to issues on the issue of social disadvantaged children living in the family; The essence and specifics of interdepartmental interaction with the social accompanation of families "Risk Group", the regulatory framework used by experts, as well as issues affecting the state family policy.
The survey was conducted among the specialists of the bodies and institutions of the prevention system of the city of Magnitogorsk. 100 people took part in the survey: Of these, 46% are social educators working in secondary schools, 30% - Social Protection Specialists, 14% - specialists of the Department of Minor Internal Affairs Bodies of the Leninsky and Right-Bank Areas, 6% - district specialists Commissions for minors and the protection of their rights of Leninsky and Right-Bank districts, 4% are specialists of health care facilities.
The results of the study showed that the main problems of modern families with children are material difficulties, the absence of separate housing, the problem of raising children, deterioration of child-parent relations, unemployment and others.
The main factors forming family disadvantages are: lack of control from parents of their alcoholism, destruction family values, cruel treatment of children, infringement of children's rights, legal incompetence of families and insufficient psychological and pedagogical literacy of parents, low efficiency of the regulatory framework. As the research results showed, interdepartmental interaction with the social accompanation of families "Risk Group" is not effective and requires improvement. The center of such work, according to our plan, is an educational institution, and the key figure is a social teacher.
Based on this, the "Friendly Family" project was developed and implemented in 2016-2017, aimed at improving the social support of the families of the risk group (Table 2). The aim of the project was to reduce the number of families "Risk Groups", the transition to the category of conditionally adapted and, possibly prosperous families. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe project was to organize work with family on the basis of the educational institution and attracting specialists from various departments in accordance with the individual request of families - project participants based on the Cace Management technology.
table 2
Project Passport "Friendly Family"
|
Name |
School for the harmonization of children's and parental relations "Friendly family" |
|
Base for project Development |
Reducing the number of families "Risk Groups", registered in MOU "SOSH No. 34". Provided social and pedagogical and psychological assistance to the family will allow it to go into the status of conditionally adapted and possibly prosperous |
|
Objective of the project |
Promote interdepartmental interaction in the provision of psychological and pedagogical support of the family "Risk Groups" |
|
Maintenance events |
Operational meeting at the school principal. Meetings when deputy. Director for educational work. Events for parents. Events for children |
|
project implementation |
Short-term - 8 months. From 09/30/2016 to 05/31/2017 (then children of families c in summer will be located from 5 to 22 June 2017 in the school summer camp) |
|
Performers |
Administration and pedagogical team of MOU "SOSH No. 34", subjects of the prevention system of the Leninsky district |
|
Expected results |
Increasing the educational potential of the family. Harmonization of child-parent relations. Involvement of parents and children in joint leisure activities (joint pastime). Awareness of the importance of preserving family values \u200b\u200band traditions. Increasing the psychological and pedagogical literacy of parents, legal knowledge, responsibility for raising children. Improving the psycho-emotional state of children and parents |
|
Project Performance System |
Current and final monitoring of the project is carried out deputy. Director of BP MOU "SOSH NO 34" |
The project participated in the Risk Groups, which are tested in the MU "CSPSD" of Magnitogorsk, students studying at MOU "School No. 34", as well as families full and incomplete, large families, families with non-rigid parents, with sweepseed children who are located In a difficult life situation.
During the implementation of the project, the expected result is to increase the responsibility of parents for the education of children, the awareness of the parents of the importance of preserving family values, traditions; Promotion of parents to carry out joint leisure with children, improving the housing and living conditions for children in the family; Normalization of the psychological climate in the family, harmonization of child-parent relations, etc.
Interdepartmental interaction with the social accompanation of families with children during the project was sent to early identification and solving problems of the family, the prevention of family disadvantaged, assistance in overcoming a difficult life situation. The project was attended by subjects of the prevention system of the Leninsky district of Magnitogorsk: PDN OP "Leninsky", MU "Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children" of Magnitogorsk ", MU" Comprehensive Center for Social Services of the Population ", Commission on Minors and the protection of their rights Leninsky district, the department of guardianship and guardianship. These agencies had social accompaniment to the families of the Risk Groups in the form of social, psychological, pedagogical, legal types of assistance, assistance in the employment of adolescents and parents, as well as the provision of urgent social services.
After the project on the social accompaniment of families of the risk group in MOU "SOSH No. 34" of Magnitogorsk, a poll was conducted by parents who took part in the project. The survey was conducted among the parents of the families of the Risk Group, who are registered in the MU "CSPSD" and consisting on intra-school accounting to MOU "SOSH No. 34" of Magnitogorsk. 30 people took part in the survey, of which: 80% are women, and 20% are men. Age structure The respondents are as follows: 27-30 years - 20%; 31-40 years old - 50%; 41 and older - 30%.
The overwhelming majority (50%) of families of families relate to incomplete families. According to the type of family, they were distributed as follows: 20% - full families and families with a non-rigid parent; 10% - guardian. The project was also attended by large and low-income families, which preventive assistance was provided in the project.
The answer to the question "What activities implemented during the project do you like best?" I revealed that psychological and pedagogical workshops, namely trainings for parents and relaxation techniques, liked 40% of respondents; Joint activity of parents and children, especially the New Year tree and a trip to the Ural Zori Douue - 25%; Psychological and pedagogical consultations - 20%; Pedagogical instructions - 10%. This suggests that parents are interested in events that increase their psychological and pedagogical literacy aimed at harmonizing child-parent relations.
When answering a question "In your opinion, whether all the project activities were useful, interesting and informative for you" 80% of parents responded positively; 15% found it difficult to answer, and only 5% answered negatively. This shows that a greater number of project participants positively evaluate their participation in it and the willingness to solve accumulated problems.
To the question "do you intend to further contact the Social Pedagogical School Service to solve the family problems?" 100% of parents responded positively.
As a result of the implementation of the project on social accompaniment, the number of families of the risk group who participated in the project and consistent in MOU "SOSH No. 34" decreased from 21 to 5. The number of disadvantaged families held in the MU "TSSPSD" and participating in the project Also decreased from 10 to 6.
Based on the studied domestic experience of interdepartmental interaction and on the basis of the results of the study, we developed an improved "The provision of interdepartmental interaction with the social accompanies of families" Risk Group ", aimed at improving work to identify families with children in providing assistance through social accompaniment. This provision approved the GKDNISP administration of the city of Magnitogorsk (signed an act of implementation).
1. The study made it possible to establish that the interdepartmental interaction when accompanied by families of the risk group, quite a lot of attention is paid both from the theoretical scientists and by the state, which finds the manifestation in many scientific articles and special publications on the topic, on the one hand, and in Improving the regulatory framework, on the other. However, the number of families "Risk Group" does not decrease, and there is a danger of their transition to the category of families of a socially dangerous position.
2. The article presents a model reflecting the specifics of interdepartmental interaction with a comprehensive solution to the family problems. At the same time, an "Educational Institution" was excluded from the common slender system of interdepartmental interaction. This fact affects the efficiency of working with families of a risk group, which confirms the opinion of specialists working in the prevention system.
3. To improve the system of interdepartmental interaction with the social accompanation of families "Risk Group", the organization of work in educational institutions is required, which makes it possible to implement the main ideas of a preventive approach.
4. The article shows that the creation of targeted projects implemented on the basis of an educational institution integrating the efforts of various departments is effective tool Improving interdepartmental interaction when working with a family of risk group in an educational institution.
Bibliographic reference
Petushkova O.G., Ahlustina E.V. Improving the system of interdepartmental interaction in an educational organization in the social accompaniment of families of the risk group // Modern problems of science and education. - 2017. - № 6;URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/Article/View?id\u003d27232 (date of handling: 02/19/2020). We bring to your attention the magazines publishing in the publishing house "Academy of Natural Science" Interdepartmental
Interaction - Foundation
Social accompaniment
in social organizations
Service
IDPO DTSZN
Volgin
Olga Ivanovna,
Professor, Doctor
Sociological Sciences Questions
1. Interdepartmental interaction: concept, essence
and tasks in the social sphere
2. Interdepartmental interaction with the organization
Social accompaniment: types and forms of implementation
3. Regulatory grounds for interdepartmental
4. Regulations of interdepartmental interaction
5. Effective social work technologies for
interdepartmental level when organizing social
Suggestion
2.
1. Interdepartmental interaction: the concept, essence and task in the social sphere
Interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere -this is the process of combining resources
state authorities
local governments
organizations of various departmental affiliation
With NGO
Business structures
To implement the rights of rights
citizens
The essence of interdepartmental interaction in
social sphere is a complex of interrelated
social resources attracted to solving
Problems of man
3.
The main tasks of interdepartmental interaction
Maximum mobilization (inclusion) of sectoral resourcesDevelopment and implementation of programs, plans, measures including
Interdepartmental resources
Coordination and control of the activities of participants
interaction
Coordination of resources and solutions
Participation in monitoring activities and evaluation of results
Interdepartmental interaction
4.2. Interdepartmental interaction with the organization
Social accompaniment:
Types and forms of implementation
Social
Support
Art. 22.
Assistance in granting
- medical;
- psychological;
- pedagogical;
- legal;
- Social assistance
not related to
Social services
Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ "On Foundations
5.Social accompaniment
Social
Support
provided
Social
Support
implemented
If necessary, citizens,
including parents legitimate
Representatives of juvenile
Children
By attracting organizations
providing medical
psychological, pedagogical,
legal, social assistance
(not relating to social
services)
6.Organization of social accompaniment
Social
Support
Carried out by
based
Interdepartmental
interaction
Social accompaniment activities
Reflected in the individual program
(IPSU or IPSS)
Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ "On the Foundations
Social service of citizens in the Russian Federation "
7.Types of interdepartmental interaction when
Implementation of social support
Immediate response
(Crisis response, urgent help)
Joint participation (implementation of events
social accompaniment)
Attracting specialists
(Interdisciplinary Commands)
Information exchange
(Interdepartmental electronic interaction)
8.Forms of interdepartmental interaction
With social accompaniment
Interdepartmental
Controls
Documentation
Data Bases (Banks)
Urban (district) Consiliums
9.
10.
3. Regulatory grounds for interdepartmentalsocial accompaniment
Federal Law of June 24, 1999 No. 120-FZ "On the Foundations of the System
Prevention of hopelessness and offenses of minors "
Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ "On Basic Guarantees of Rights
child
Federal Law of April 24, 2008 № 48-ФЗ "On the guardianship and trusteeship"
Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ "On the Fundamentals of Health
citizens in the Russian Federation "
Federal Law of December 28, 2014 No. 495-FZ "On the Fundamentals of Social
Services of citizens in the Russian Federation "
Federal Law of January 8, 1998 No. 3-FZ "On Narcotic Drugs and
psychotropic substances "
Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ "On Education in
Russian Federation"
Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ "On Social Protection
Disabled in the Russian Federation "
Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08/31/2016 N 1839-R "On Approval
Development concepts of early assistance in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020
of the year"
10.
11.
Interdepartmental regulatory groundsSocial interaction:
Documents of the city of Moscow
The law of the city of Moscow dated April 7, 1999 No. 16 "On the prevention of neglect and
Offenses of minors in Moscow "
The law of the city of Moscow dated April 13, 2005 No. 12 "On the organization of activity
Commissions for juvenile affairs and their rights »
The law of the city of Moscow dated September 28, 2005 No. 47 "On applying local authorities
Self-government of internal municipalities in the city of Moscow
the powers of the city of Moscow on education and organization activities
District Commissions for Juvenile Affairs and the Protection of their Rights »
The Law of Moscow of October 26, 2005 No. 55 "On additional measures Social
Support for disabled people and other persons with livelihood restrictions in the city
Moscow "(ed. Dated December 16, 2015)
Law of the city of Moscow dated April 14, 2010 No. 12 "On the organization of custody,
guardianship and patronage in the city of Moscow "
The law of the city of Moscow of July 9, 2008 No. 34 "On Social Services
Population of the city of Moscow
Resolution of the Government of Moscow of March 25, 2008 No. 195-PP "On Strategy
Government of Moscow on the implementation of state policy in the interests of children
"Moscow children" for 2008-2017 "
Resolution of the Government of Moscow dated December 26, 2014 No. 829-PP
11.
12.
4. Regulations of interdepartmental interactionRegulations - a document containing mandatory legal norms
1. Regulation
Interdepartmental
interaction
organs
the executive power of the city of Moscow in organizing social
Services and social support of citizens in the city of Moscow
2. Regulations of interdepartmental interaction in the field of identification
family disadvantage and organization of work with families,
in a socially dangerous position or difficult
Life situation
3. Regulations
interaction
district
commissions
by
Affairs
minors and the protection of their rights and state
Budget Special Educational Institution for
students with deviant (socially dangerous) behavior
Cities of Moscow Professional educational school "Chance"
Department of Social Protection of the Population of the city of Moscow
4. Regulations of interdepartmental interaction in the field of identification and
Organizations of work with minors consisting
narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors
12.
13. Regulation of the interdepartmental interaction of the executive authorities of the city of Moscow in organizing social services and social services
Regulations of the interdepartmental interaction of executive bodiesthe authorities of the city of Moscow in organizing social services and
Social accompaniment of citizens in the city of Moscow, approved
Decree of the Government of Moscow dated December 26, 2014 No. 829-PP
"On the social services of citizens in the city of Moscow"
is carried out in order to timely and
Qualitative provision of citizens
social services, as well as assistance in
providing medical citizens
psychological, pedagogical,
legal, social assistance, not
social services related to social services
13.
14. Members of interdepartmental interaction
Department of Social Protectionpopulation of the city of Moscow
The main thing
Office
Ministries
internal affairs of the Russian Federation
City of Moscow
Department of Health City
Moscow
Office
Federal
City service Moscow
Department of Education of the City
Moscow.
Office
Federal
Services
execution of punishments in the city of Moscow
Department of Labor and Employment
population of the city of Moscow
Federal Office
City service Moscow
Tax
Migration
Department of Culture of the city of Moscow. State institution - department
Pension Fund of the Russian Federation
Department physical culture and
in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region
Sports of the city of Moscow
Department of Transport and Development
Road transport
Infrastructure of the city of Moscow
State institution - Moscow
Department of Social Insurance Fund
Russian Federation.
Federal
Casina
Institution
"The main thing
the Bureau
Medical and social
Examination by
Moscow "
Citizens in Moscow "
14.
15. Forms of interdepartmental interaction
Document exchange and (or) information used to recognizeAssisting on issues arising in the process of recognition
Citizen in need of social services, providing
social services, social accompaniment
Creating coordination and advisory bodies, working groups
In order to implement agreed actions related to
recognition of a citizen in need of social services,
providing social services, social accompaniment
Regulation of the interdepartmental interaction of the executive authorities of the city of Moscow in the organization
Social services and social accompaniment of citizens in the city of Moscow, approved by the Resolution
Government of Moscow dated December 26, 2014 No. 829-PP "On Social Services of Citizens in Moscow"
15.
16. Social accompaniment activities are carried out
participants of interdepartmental interaction (organsauthorities)
their subordinate organizations
organizations providing services not related to
social services
Service providers
Based
Agreements on interdepartmental interaction, other contracts
(agreements)
Conclusions
between
Participants
interdepartmental interaction, their subordinate
Organizations and other organizations
Regulation of the interdepartmental interaction of the executive authorities of the city of Moscow in organizing social services and social
Maintenance of citizens in the city of Moscow, approved by the Decree of the Government of Moscow of December 26, 2014 No. 829-PP "On Social Services
Citizens in Moscow "
16.
17.
5. Effective social work technologies for interdepartmentallevel when organizing social accompaniment
18.
Specificity of interdepartmental interaction whensolving various problems
Organization of early assistance
Organization
Early
Detection
Preventing social orphanhood
family
Dysfast
and
Organization of prevention of failures from children at birth and (or)
room in medical institutions
Providing timely assistance to families with children affected by
Cruelproof
Facilitating the family device of orphans and children left without
Parent care
Organization of support for minors who have entered into conflict
with law and their families
Support for families raising a "special child"
Accompanied accommodation
Accomplicated employment
18.
19.
Map of interdepartmental socialSocial support resources
Portrait of a family (categories of recipient citizens) on
County level (district)
Structure of needs ( general characteristics, most
probabilistic requests, expectations)
Interdepartmental infrastructure (organs
government and local self-government,
Organizations of different departmental accessories, with
NGO, business structures, socially active citizens)
Personnel potential of the coordinator organization
interdepartmental interaction with social
accompaniment
19.
20.
Interdepartmental interaction on variousSocial accompaniment stages
Diagnostic search stage identifying the problem, collecting full information
Treaty Stage
Designing of specialists, determination of the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility for
solving the problem, including the preparation of an individual program and its
Approval on the Interdepartmental Working Group, the conclusion of the Treaty
Social accompaniment
Activity stage - Stage "Professional accompaniment"
implementation of actions to solve problems in accordance with the approved
individual program and contract on social accompaniment, conducting
intermediate diagnostics and monitoring to adjust further
Action against a citizen (family)
Reflexive stage
Conducting the final diagnosis and monitoring of social efficiency
accompaniment in order to determine the need for further social
accompaniment or its termination with the development of further recommendations
"Supporting Stage" - step-up stage
Tracking the situation after providing the necessary state aid
20.
21.
Regulation of interdepartmental interaction of bodiesthe executive power of the city of Moscow
Social Services and Social Maintenance
List of participants of interdepartmental interaction
Activities carried out by the executive bodies
state power in the framework of interdepartmental interaction
Order and forms of interdepartmental interaction
Requirements for content, forms and conditions for sharing information, including
in electronic form
Mechanism for the implementation of social accompaniment activities, including
number The procedure for attracting organizations to its implementation
The procedure for the implementation of state control (supervision) and evaluation
The results of interdepartmental interaction
Interdepartmental interaction can be considered as a kind of social interaction. Socially oriented subjects are the parties to the interaction (the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the organizations, institutions, non-commercial organizations and other), reaching their goals through certain professionally specialized measures and actions.
The main paths and means of optimizing the interdepartmental interaction of social institutions in solving problems of prevention of neglect and offenses of minors are:
Ensuring the processes of interaction with the necessary legislative base; scientific and methodological substantiation of complex work;
Clear delimitation of functions between participants in interaction at all levels of collaboration;
Provision of authority and means in accordance with the functions and tasks performed;
Ensuring managerial structures and institutions by qualified personnel; organization of a single information space;
Creating a general concept of joint action;
Optimization of the operation of the interdepartmental coordinating link and other.
The activities of the bodies and institutions of the prevention system to assist the convicted minors to the penalties that are not associated with the deprivation of freedom, minors who are exempted from the seats of imprisonment, as well as minors returning from SUT in accordance with the following basic principles:
The principle of interdepartmental interaction - determines the procedure for the formation of relations between the subjects of the prevention system by coordinating the plans of activities and actions to implement them, control over their implementation;
The principle of distribution of the responsibility - implies specific performers, consolidating a certain circle of tasks within the framework of departmental competence, the implementation of which is necessary to achieve the goals;
The principle of an individual approach is implemented by implementing the rehabilitation process, taking into account individual features a particular child and family, largely affecting their behavior in different life situations;
The principle of legality - provides for compliance with the requirements of the current legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in working with convicted minors and their families;
The principle of complexity - implies the implementation of a systematic approach in working with minors and their families and the impact on them, taking into account all aspects: economic, legal, social, medical, pedagogical, psychological.
An important form of interdepartmental interaction is the exchange of information characterizing the situation of families and children in the subordinate territory and necessary for the implementation of activities in their interests, with authorities, state and non-government agencies, organizations and services.
Introduction
Chapter 1. Interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere: Concept, management practice 16-77
1.1. The concept of "interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere" 16 - 49
1.2. Interdepartmental barriers to solving issues of orphanage in the territory of 50-77
Chapter 2. Organization of interdepartmental interaction of social institutions in the territory 78-138
2.1. Principles and mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction of institutions in the social sphere 78-113
2.2. Overcoming interdepartmental barriers in solving problems of street children and social orphans 114-138
Conclusion 139-140.
Literature 141 - 159
Applications 160 - 173
Introduction to work
The relevance of the dissertation study.
The neglect of children and social orphanhood are indicators of the crisis state of modern Russian society. According to official government data, the number of neglect children in Russia at the beginning of 2004 is about one million. Many researchers believe that the real number of neglect is several times more. Official statistics Unable to reflect the actual picture of the phenomenon under study, as it takes into account only children registered in specialized institutions.
To date, no structure of the nestor prevention system of minors has accurate information. aboutfamilies and children in a socio-dangerous position. The available data differ significantly by departments. So, as of January 1, 2003, 7,797 families of the Kemerovo Region were registered in commissions on cases of minors and the protection of their rights of the Kemerovo Region for Education, Content and Training 9949 children. According to the Department of Education of the Administration of the Region, the number of such families is 8890, children - 14972, social protection of the population, respectively, 9419 and 18525 people 1.
According to the administration of Kemerovo, in 2002, 2,893 orphans and children remaining without parental care were brought up and studied. 1,665 minors are under guardianship, 103 children were adopted. As of January 1, 2003, graduates of public-type institutions
1 Presentation of the prosecutor's office of the Kemerovo region dated 16.04.03. No. 21-3-03 "On the elimination of violations of the requirements of the legislation on parental responsibility for the education of children in the activities of commissions on juvenile affairs and the protection of their rights, education authorities."
from the number of orphans under 23 years old - 308 people 2.
As a result of the instability of socio-economic and political life, children are increasingly falling into a difficult life situation, the way out of which it is impossible to find themselves. Objectively matures the need for state and public protection of minors. Solving problems of childhood depends on the efforts of the family and from activities social institutionsparticipating in the process of socializing children.
The scale of factors that stimulate hopelessness and social orphanhood shows that only civil services can resist the destruction material wealth Family, mass unemployment, poverty, crime. This is the only institution that can integrate the efforts of all subjects of the Social Region.
Institutions of various departments of the social sphere are designed to represent and defend cultural, educational, medical, spiritual and other interests of children. "The social sphere ideally is designed to provide sufficient, from the point of view of the progress of social development, the level of welfare, the availability of basic vital goods for the majority of the population" 3.
Each department within its competence is responsible for solving certain minors, for creating conditions for the implementation of their interests on different stages Life orphans.
The positioning of orphans' interests of social institutions is often not consistent with the direction and range of children's requests.
Insufficient coordination of efforts is manifested in the course of work on the identification of a child in disadvantaged conditions. With the receipt, the facts of malicious avoidance of parents become known from their duties towards children. The decision is not immediately made.
2 strangers should not be (from experience in the prevention of neglect and right
Invulsion of minors in Kemerovo). Kemerovo, 2003. - Vol. 3. - Sat
3 Sadden G.I. Sociology of the social sphere: studies. Location. - M: ed, MGSU "Union",
1999.-s. 28.
exciting the case of deprivation of parental rights. According to children's psychologists, the main features of nature are formed in a child to six-seven years. As a result, social orphans fall under the custody of the state somatically, pedagogically and intellectually neglected, with severe psyche injury, having a negative experience in the family in the shoulders.
Today, interdepartmental interaction is relevant, supported by the Legislative and Material Base. It is necessary to provide social support for graduates of boarding schools. When leaving the walls of the boarding school, the children's house graduates are often discharged without social experience necessary for independent life. Without the support of relatives and acquaintances, without good education They, as a rule, can not get a job. Due to the lack of funds in local budgets, they do not give housing, social benefits are only declared.
From the mid-90s, a wide distribution of a network of institutions and organizations of social protection of the population providing different kinds Aid and support for children who have fallen into a difficult life situation. Currently, more than 130 institutions operate in the Kemerovo region. Territorial specialized agencies provide such children to temporary accommodation, carry out social rehabilitation of minors, provide legal, medical, psychological, economic, pedagogical assistance.
The current situation predetermines the scale and direction of the work of these institutions, forces constantly increasing the volume of social assistance, find new more effective technologies Work. Along with traditional forms of working with social orphans, the activities of shelters for minors, social assistance centers, family and children, social rehabilitation centers, etc. are actively introduced (see Appendix 1). Structural data provide social
support for needy, being in close proximity to the family, child. Social defense institutions are also in contact with the powerful government agencies, on which the solution of the client's problems depends. Such a system allows you to estimate the real life situation and find specific ways out of the management level. The increase in the number and diversity of social protection institutions is designed to provide a variety of social services and the availability of their population. This testifies to the use of the widespread creating institutions of social protection, whose specialists are intermediaries and contact with all the structures of the social sphere. Social protection of the population was created as an independent system of institutions. In this sense, the internal interaction is primary, and the interdepartmental is secondary. The logic of the functioning of social protection institutions The secondary system of interdepartmental interaction transforms into primacy.
The solution to the problems of neglect and orphanhood of children is hampered by the disunity of the actions of the social institutions in the territory. The existing technologies for working with minors regulate the actions of departments in the provision of social assistance to the child who has fallen into a socially dangerous position: Power Offices - when committing a teenager crime, hooliganism, or if a child is seen in vagrancy; Social defense - when working with disadvantaged family and, if necessary, temporary placement of the child for the purpose of social rehabilitation; Education - when placing it in children's boarding institutions, etc. The fate of the child is transmitted "from hand to hand", passes through the stages of technology. If the department has fulfilled its task, then the child is removed from the records and is either transmitted to another structure (without further control over it), or is issued from the field of view at all, and work is not conducted with it. Each department of operation uses its criteria, reporting indicators,
it makes his meaning in the concept. All services have no single operational field and a single task. There is no support in the work on information of other structures in the required amount. It makes it difficult to work the irrational duplication of functions.
So, the development of the social service system occurs contradictory, sometimes not agreed with the surrounding social reality. The existing network of social institutions for minors does not correspond to the severity and scope of child disintegration, and the system of social policy measures is inadequate to the requests of the modern family.
Specialized agencies are not able to solve problems of neglect children and social orphans on a socially acceptable level due to the weak interdepartmental interaction of various social structures on the territory. The network of government agencies working with children is represented by various departments: education, health, social protection, law enforcement agencies, housing and communal services, culture. Local authorities and local self-government are engaged in issues of neglect and social orphanhood. Public organizations and funds are also focused on protecting children. At the same time, none of the departments perform a coordinating function. Therefore, it is impossible to consider these structures as a single complex in the territory.
So, the relevance of the dissertation study is due to the needs of social practice, the acute problems associated with children's accuracy, carelessness, orphanhood and the growing increase in the facts of the deviating behavior of children and adolescents. Another challenge of social practice is the prevention of violence against children, as well as the need for social rehabilitation in cases of crushed childhood. The relevance of the topic of research on social practice is confirmed by the fact that institutions of social protection directly working with the population and
The territorial and management aspect of the interaction of social institutions is becoming relevant today, since society has the opportunity to unite the efforts of state, municipal authorities and institutions, organizations of the non-profit "3rd sector" to implement practical measures that mitigate the acute problems of orphanhood, especially with regard to social orphans, disadvantaged with living parents and parents themselves. Development of recommendations, mechanisms of interaction of social institutions make it possible to fully use reserves of this sphere and save resources, seek overcoming interdepartmental barriers in the interests of the well-being of children and the entire population.
The declared topic of the dissertation study is relevant in the scientific plan, since there are few work in sociology for today, which reveal the issues of interdepartmental interaction of institutions in the social sphere.
Development of the topic B. scientific literature.
The concept of "interaction" by researchers is used to explain the widespread circle of social reality phenomena. Significant contribution to the study of this topic has been made by such foreign scientists as M. Weber, T. Parsons, Zimmel, E. Giddens, and others. In domestic sociology, common interaction problems were considered by B.N. Chicherin, M.M. Kovalevsky, P.A. Sorokin, K.M. Takhtarev and others. Among modern scientists can be called V.V. YOLTOVOV, O.S. Razumovsky, E.V. Ruden-Skogo, M.V. Udaltsov, V.P. Fofanova, L.L. Shpak and others.
The scientific literature discusses such forms of interaction as socio-political (L.L. Shpak, V.V. Yolovov, etc.), information (V.Z. Kogan, V.N. Schubkin, etc.), socio-economic (T.I. Zavlav-
ekay, F.M. Borodkin et al.), Intergroup (B.C. Ageev et al.), Social partnership (I.M. Model, B.S. Model, G.Yu. Semigin, A.I. Sukharev, etc.).
General issues of social management are reflected in the publications of Yu.P. Averin, V.G. Afanasyev, A.I. Prigogina, A.M. Omarova, TM Dryd-Ze, N.S. Danakina, E.V. Okhotsk, B.C. Komarovsky, N.M Slepenkova, V.I. Dobrekova et al.
Social policy as a whole and how varieties of regional policies are covered in the works of St. Biryukova, N.D. Vivina, L.G. Huslyako, V.V. YOLTOVOV, L.L. Shpak, F.E. Bujalova, G.I. Sidia, etc.
Common social problems are covered in the works of authors such as B.C. Barulin, V.N. Ivanov, V.N. Kovalev, Yu.E. Volkov, G.I. Odzcha tea, si. Grigoriev, L.G. Huslyakova, A.I. Lyashenko, A.M. Babich, E.N. Zhiltsov, E.V. Egorov, O.N. Viktorov, V.L. Kurakov, N.V. Bondarenko, E.N. Grie Bakina, and others.
Aspects of the management of social institutions are reflected in the works of N.D. Vivina, A.I. Lyashenko, M.V. Udaltsova, E.I. Holeta, L.V. Topchego, V.G. Popova, sa. Belicheva et al.
The contiguous problems of the intercellertoretorial and intrauterine interaction of institutions of the social sphere is engaged in a narrow circle of authors (D.A. Kugan, E.V. Khizhnyakova, A.V. Gurevich, etc.).
The study of the principles of the structure and functioning of organizations, technologies of organizational interaction were engaged in N.S. Danakin, B.C. Dudchenko A.I. Podzhin, V.V. Shcherbina, A.V. Strygin et al.
Socio-economic, demographic, psychological
pedagogical and other family problems are described in the works of the Family Research Institute: A.G. Kharcheva, M.S. Mazkovsko-th, si. Hunger, St. Darmodehina, O.I. Volgina and others.
Social problems of orphanhood are reflected in the works of researchers of the childhood of the Russian children's Fund and the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(I.V. Anisimova, V.V. Belyakova, I.F. Dementieva, I.G. Zhiritsky, N.P. Ivanova, A.M. Nechava, etc.). The reasons for social orphanhood are considered in the works of V.V. Belyakova, V. Bratman, L.I. Kononova et al. State social policy is in the interests of children study E.M. Rybinsky, L.V. Kuznetsova, M.I. Nesmeyanova and others. Problems of violence against children in the family were considered in the works of L.S. Alekseeva, V.M. Zakirova, A.D. Koshelevie, M.R. Rokitsky, etc.
The general efforts of researchers in the development of this topic are reached as follows:
Conceptual foundations for studying social interaction in the territory;
The concept of the social sphere is disclosed;
The specifics of social protection institutions and technology of work of these institutions with various categories of customers, including children and families who fell into difficult life circumstances are identified;
Social problems are described andcauses of orphanhood.
Despite the results achieved, the principles and mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction needed for a comprehensive solution of the problems of orphanage in the territory remained slightly covered. Not enough attention was paid to the development of problems of interaction in the territorial and managerial aspect, including taking into account the positioning of the orphans and the presence of interdepartmental barriers.
Problem research- The weak use of territorial and management mechanisms in the interaction of social institutions for a comprehensive solution to the problems of orphanhood.
Object of study- interaction of social institutions in the territory.
Subject of study- organization of interdepartmental interaction in solving problems of orphanhood.
The purpose of the dissertation work- Optimization of territorial and management mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction of social institutions in solving issues of orphanhood.
Tasks,implementing the purpose of the study:
reveal the concept of "interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere";
give the typology of interdepartmental barriers in the aspect of the positioning of the interests of the orphans and the possibilities of the institutions of the social sphere;
characterize the principles and mechanisms of interaction of social protection institutions with other social institutions;
to study the possibilities of a comprehensive solution to the problems of orphanage on the paths of overcoming interdepartmental barriers in the social sphere.
Research hypothesis.
Hypothesis-foundation: the interaction of social institutions is a necessary condition for a comprehensive solution to the problems of orphanage of children and adolescents in the territory; Studying the problem of interaction in the territorial and managerial aspect allows you to optimize the processes of interaction in the interests of orphans.
Hypothesis-investigation:
Compliance with the principles of interaction allows us to develop a general, conceptually built management approach to a comprehensive solution to issues of orphanage in the territory;
Technological support of interaction processes contributes to the concentration of resources and efforts of interacting parties in solving the nodal problems of the orphanhood of children and adolescents in the territory;
Overcoming interdepartmental barriers leads to the unification of interaction processes and at the same time makes a sufficient diversity of forms, methods and means of achieving common goals by interacting parties;
\u003e The organization of interaction between institutions of the social sphere depends on the competence of management personnel and the territorial and managerial capabilities of the interacting parties.
Theoretical methodological foundationsresearch for the author has become a systematic approach and method of system analysis. The structural and functional approach was used to study the object and the subject area of \u200b\u200bthe dissertation study.
The closest to the study of processes, mechanisms and consequences of interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere are in-inspracting paradigms (social action paradigm, adaptive), as well as the functionalist paradigm.
The basis of the dissertation study was the concepts of scientific and social management, developed in domestic sociology, as well as the concept of social interaction.
The ideas and concepts of contemporary authors who develop problems of organizations, technologies of intra-organizational and inter-organizational interaction (N.S. Danakin, BC Dudchenko, A.I. Podgin, V.V. Shcherbin, and others .).
Research methods:structural and functional analysis, an expert survey, a questionnaire, an observation included, a traditional analysis of documents, a secondary analysis.
Empirical research base. Informational equipment.
INthe empirical base of the study included applied research conducted by the dissertant personally and with its participation in 1998-2004.
From 1998 to 1999 On the basis of a children's home-school with. Berezovo Kemerovo District (departmental subordination - the management of the education of the Kemerovo region) was conducted social problems, fate orphans
the difficulties of the functioning of boarding schools, technologies of work with minors, interdepartmental relations of institutions in the device, accommodation and exit of orphans from the walls of the orphanage. In this study, surveys of workers and students of the Berezovsky Children's House-School (54 adolescents under 18) were conducted (54 adolescents under 18), studies of the work of the institution, accounting and reporting documentation for 1997-1999 were studied.
The study of the system of working with children who lost the parent care was also held on the basis of the management of the Social Protection of the Administration of the Kemerovo District, where the dissertation was acquainted with the current and annual accounting and reporting documentation of this structure (1998-1999).
The dissertation work used materials included in the period of work in the Center for Social Assistance to the Family and Children of Kemerovo (2002-2004). In order to study the territorial and management mechanisms of the interdepartmental interaction of institutions of the social sphere on the basis of the Center, the following applied research were carried out:
\u003e Participation in the work of the Soviets "Family" of the Kemerovo microdistrict (2003-2004);
W.Survey of participants of the Soviets "Family" of the Kemerovo microdistrict (2004, 100 people).
The dissertation uses the materials of the current archive of the Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children, as well as documents of the Coordination Council "Family" and "Council for the Prevention, Non-postSubery and Offenses among Minors" Kemerovo (for 2002-04).
In 2004 The dissertation was carried out by an expert survey of 30 leadership workers of the institutions of the social sphere of Kemerovo (from among the participants in solving the problems of orphans and the neglect of children in the territory).
Method secondary Analysis Close to the dissertation issues of research on the international project "
partnership Tags: local development "(1999-2002, project managers, Ph.D., Prof. V.V. Zholtov, D.S., Prof. L.L. Shpak), research materials conducted by In Berezovsky (Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children, Director - K.S.N. N. B. Goryunova).
In addition, the information is studied about the British project on the problems of social protection of the population in Kuzbass materials sociological researchconducted in the center of social assistance to the family and children of Kemerovo "Social services: compliance with the needs of the population" (director - Chernyaeva I.A., Scientific Director - L.L. Shpak, Artists T.Yo. Mochalova, M.N. Bolshakova , E.V. Polichuk, N.B. Sinitskaya; 2002-2003, polling 600 people).
Scientific novelty research:
The concept of "interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere" is specified;
The classification of interdepartmental barriers in the interaction of social institutions in relation to solving problems of orphans of children and adolescents (legal, organizational and managerial, innovative, social, psychological, cultural, communicative, religious, ethnic, tender, political, geographical and other barriers);
In the territorial and managerial aspect, the technological process of interaction between the institutions of the social sphere is proposed on the basis of the positioning of the interests of orphans and the institutions of the social sphere;
The principles and mechanisms of interaction between the social institutions in the integrated solution of the problems of orphanhood on the territory are systematized.
Theoretical significance of the study.
INthe thesis has been developed conceptual provisions characterizing the social sphere in the territorial and managerial aspect in relation to the problems of orphanhood. A conceptual scheme has been proposed.
national support for the processes of interaction of institutions, taking into account interdepartmental barriers and positioning the interests of orphans. Dissertation provisions can be used as initial to further explore the territorial and management problems of the social sphere.
Practical significance of the study.
The main results of the dissertation research can be used in the activities of state authorities and local self-government, social institutions in organizing and conducting interdepartmental work to solve problems of neglect and orphanhood.
The research materials can be used in the university teaching courses of sociology and sociology of the social sphere, in various forms of training and retraining of personnel of sociologists, political scientists, social workers, state and municipal employees.
The concept of "interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere"
Interdepartmental interaction We are considered in dissertation as a kind of social interaction. The parties of the interaction are socially oriented subjects (subordinate organizations, institutions in the territory), reaching their goals through certain professionally specialized measures and actions.
The concept of "interaction" attracted the attention of researchers of various areas of scientific knowledge.
Attention to action and interaction was manifested in the works of Plato, Aristotle, Spinozes, Hobbs, Kant, and other thinkers. They considered the interaction with the aim of studying and explaining the causality, development, unity-diversity of existing, etc. For example, Plato, in the teaching of the ideal state, considered the relationship and the interactiveness of the phenomena of the world and believed that people constantly experience their need for mutual assistance. Hegel and Schopenhauer identified action and being 4.
The interaction is considered by many modern scientists (L.S. Vygotsky, E. V. Ilyenkov, etc.) with ontological and evolutionary positions. It leads to self-implantation, self-development throughout life (ontogenesis) and, as a result, to the improvement of society (social evolution) 5. Social interaction is also studied in the anthropological key as "the condition of the species preservation of a person and its continuous expansion in Genesis."
Many representatives of the sociological thought of various schools and trends were developed by social action and interaction: conflict theory (R. Deldorf, L. Kozer, etc.); Sociological theories international relations (V. Blanche, M. Show, etc.); Social exchange theory (D. Homans, P. Blau, etc.); Symbolic interactionism (MFA, Bloomer, D. Moreno, etc.); Phenomenological sociology and ethnometer-logic (A. Schyuts, P. Berger, Garfinkel, T. Lukman, etc.), the concept of management of impressions (E. Hoffman, etc.), etc.
Adherents of the exchange concept understood social cooperation as a constant exchange of values \u200b\u200b(material and intangible). Exchange activities occur according to the "Stimulus - Reaction" scheme. From the point of view of symbolic interactionism, social interaction is a dialogue between individuals who have a personal "personality". It is implemented on two levels - interpersonal and intrapersonal. For interacting subjects are important the world And the situation. They form values \u200b\u200band try to interpret the symbols of other people. There is not a direct impact on each other, but an indirect use of symbols. External interactions affect the formation of self-reflection in it, determining the structure of the individual.
Max Weber (1864 - 1920) first introduced into sociology and scientifically substantiated the concept of "social action". He believed that sociology "there is a science, seeking, interpreting, understanding social action and thereby casually explaining its process and impact." The action is socially, if it is subjective, that is, it is personally meaningful (motivated) and focused on the response of others. The interaction is purposefully, cigorologically and manageable. Social actions of a separate individual or group of individuals are a central category in theory. P.P. Haydenko in the preface to publish Weber's work writes that "Category of social action, as the initial" cell " social Life does not make it possible to understand the results social processwhich is completely not coincided with the orientation of individual action. "
American sociologist Tolkott Parsons (1902 - 1979), developing the theory of action 10, was based on the fact that the individuals are endowed with the desire to act. In the process of interaction, they are organized and combined. Individuals are waiting for each other's actions, which define social rules (norms) and generally accepted values \u200b\u200bto help ensure the nature of response. From the point of view of Parsons, people are associated with the conscious and unconscious level with general symbols, which are elements of cultural traditions. As a basic unit of theory, he considered a "single act". This is the limit of crushing action. Acts do not exist separately, and are always associated with other acts. In the work "Social System" (1951), as a unit of analysis, it introduces the concept of "Action Unit". In the model of a single action there is only one acting subject. Then Parsons began to consider the social system as based on interaction and introduced the status-role concept. Within the framework of this concept, social cooperation was studied by the author as a system of standardized relations of leaders who have a certain status and relative to each other mutually expected roles. This system is developing as standard and culturally regulated by cultural samples, which performs the function of integrating society P. The system of action is "organized multiple orientation of action". An action orientation is a "specific combination of elections related to objects and based on the possibilities of choice available in some specific situation." The main elements of the Parsons system system are a leader (actor), goals of activity, situation, means of achieving the goal, conditions of action, regulatory regulators, motives, action as such, result. Parsons considered the social system as self-organizing, reproducing balance and equilibrium between all subsystems due to their functional feasibility. PupSon's student Robert Merton studied functional connections and system interaction social Structure Societies, their influence on the activities and behavior of people in society. P. Sorokin, Zimmel proved the need to study social interaction not only between individual individuals, but also between complex social entities.
Interdepartmental barriers to solving issues of orphanhood in the territory
In the process of interdepartmental interaction, there are a number of difficulties, obstacles, barriers to solving social problems.
As a barrier, a certain obstacle is usually understood, obstacles, difficulty when moving or implementing anything. The literature write about the barrier as an obstacle to the success of something, an obstacle for actions and development activities.
In the interdepartmental interaction, barriers are circumstances (subjective and objective nature), which make it possible to achieve the goal by participants in cooperation. They complicate work, prevent the coordination of actions, joint decision-making and the provision of social assistance to the needy.
Interdepartmental barriers in the interaction of social institutions in relation to solving problems of neglect children and social orphans can be classified into legal, organizational and management, social, psychological, cultural, communicative, religious, ethnic, tender, political, geographical, economic.
The main managerial barriers complicating the interdepartmental interaction of institutions in solving the problems of neglect children and social orphans are 42: the complexity of the management facility;
At the delay of information characteristic of complex systems; At the orientation of the subject receiving management decisions. The head at the same time is included in various social systems: official, group, socio-political, family, etc. Each system determines its role, right and obligations. These roles may not coincide, provoking conflict, contradiction, barrier.
The question of strengthening interdepartmental work is relevant at all levels of social management. However, the barriers to the interaction of institutions on the territory may be absent, be not as sharp at the level of ministries and, accordingly, not taken into account or inadequately perceived when building interdepartmental interaction, creating a regulatory framework.
Considering the organizational interaction in the theory and practice of social management, A.V. Strygin believes that the stability of this interaction is achieved with consistency in order to function various organizations within a single for them ambient. These goals should coincide with the goals of the environment itself. Stability condition also acts as a sufficient level of resource provision. Violation of one of the conditions leads to barriers, organizational breaks. The main reason for the processes of a destabilizing nature is the lack of an effective mechanism for organizational support of decisions made at various levels, consistency of these decisions and ordering of organizational interactions. It comes to the conclusion that the organizational interaction is a means of achieving a higher level of organizational efficiency 43.
The emergence of interdepartmental barriers is associated with the organizational and managerial contradiction, the essence of which is that the objective necessity of various types of interactions is associated with a high organizational differentiation, the desire for departmental autonomy and management closetness.
One of the main reasons that generate contradictions in working together is the lack of solid, logical, adequately reflecting the real reality of the concept of the development of the social sphere. This circumstance manifests itself at all levels of management. On the territory there may be a general scheme for actions of institutions of various departments with a specific category. But there is no single concept, within which all participants are considered as a single whole, the problems of interaction are not identified and did not have developed and are not implemented in the daily practice of the principles of collaboration. In the absence of a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe content and specifics of the interdepartmental model at the federal and regional level, it is difficult to solve the joint efforts of the problem of a particular territory and the institutions located on it.
Without a single concept of joint action, each institution independently builds interdepartmental work on the principles convenient for each individual case. Effective solution to the problems of neglect children and social orphans is impossible without a holistic concept management concept. If at the level of the administration of the institution, the goals, mechanisms, the principles of interdepartmental work, are clearly not the possible participants, the possible participants are not appointed, the responsible for the results is not appointed, the joint activity will be allowed on samone. Without an intra-organization agreement of actions, each middle manager (head of the department, the brigadier) will independently build interdepartmental work on the basis of personal relationships and relations, territorial specifics (the presence of sponsor organizations, institutions that can help in solving specific problems).
The dissertation study revealed a disunity of efforts within institutions. The heads of structural divisions in most cases are delivered to the conditions of competition among themselves, which leads to the desire of each unit to increase their indicators to any way. As a rule, there is an increase in quantitative indicators due to quality. Among the departments there is no desire to share its information with others and strive to help each other. For example, the head of the territorial office operates with sponsors on its site and may be hostile to perceive, if the representative of another branch of the same institution begins to interact with the "his" sponsors, since each department is delivered to the competition situation in the main activities.
Principles and mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction of institutions in the social sphere
Each social problem is peculiar and requires an individual approach to its permission. However, the process of their permission has common positions - principles. The principles of interdepartmental interaction are the initial fundamental requirements that are guided by the interacting entities in organizing a joint solution to social problems. Principles are the most important basis for the management mechanism. They synthesize social laws and concrete approaches to their implementation. The content and focus of the principles of interdepartmental interaction in solving the problems of neglect children and social orphans are determined by a number of factors: the strategic goals of the state, society as a whole; legislative regulation; scientific validity; goals and character of collaboration; Departmental interests: specificity and importance of their implementation by means of interaction; Subjective factor; availability of a resource base; Territorial features: the development of social infrastructure, geographical position, local policies in the social sphere, Nazio 79 Natural composition, etc.; attitude to the interaction of institutions by higher structures; The specifics of solved problems. The basic principles of interdepartmental interaction of social institutions in solving issues of orphans can be grouped in several criteria: in the criterion of regulatory force (legal, social responsibility of subjects of management, social control); According to the degree of organizational and management technolais (the principle of adequacy, feedback, coordination of interdependent action, the principle of automated accounting in the information exchange, with the response of functions by authorized); By compatibility criterion professional activity personnel (competence, continuity, consistency of interests, participation measures in interdepartmental coordination, compliance with the rules of business relations); program-targeted criterion (complexity and systematic, scientific and methodological validity of the principle of finally target direction, continuity of social assistance to orphans, about concubine orientation of the activities of institutions); In the moral criterion in relations with children (the principles of social justice, humanism, tolerance, complicity in fate).
In practice, the principles of interdepartmental interaction are usually used not isolated, but in close relationship, which reflects their objective conditionality and sends joint efforts to achieve common goals.
Among the principles of organizing the interdepartmental interaction of the social institutions in solving the problems of street children and social orphans, the principle of social partnership is one of the most important. In scientific literature and in practice, the social partnership is interpreted ambiguously. Some understand it as a type of relationship between the state, the employer and the employee. Others understand the social partnership in a broader sense, namely as a specific type of social relations between social entities (social groups, layers of classes, etc.). Third - as the ideological basis for the coordination and protection of the interests of various social groups. Following A.I. Sukharev, we believe that social partnership is not only conducive to socio-labor interaction. "Interaction becomes affiliate, if the interest of one subject cannot be implemented without the participation of other and simultaneous satisfaction of the needs of other subjects."
Social partnership, as a system of civilized public relations, implies activities based on coordination of interests, opportunities, working methods, which ensures the implementation of mutually intersecting interests of institutions of various departmental affiliation when a common goal is achieved. Effective interdepartmental interaction is possible on the basis of respect for the positions and accounting of the interests of the parties, using the advantages of the negotiation process. Partnership is characterized as the process of multiplication of common interests 6L.
The partnership nature of the relationship implies the materiality of the achieved goals. Interdepartmental interaction can be implemented on the principle of social partnership, provided that the interests of achieving socially expected goals (effective solving problems of street children and social orphans, etc.) will dominate the departmental bureaucratic interests when for all participants will be a conscious value for all participants. not separate actions of each institution. The implementation of these conditions contributes to the increase in the importance of social objectives of the functioning of institutions at the level of government management and society. Until state bodies Do not realize the crisis position of Russian society, the need to implement adequate family policies, the importance of solving real problems of children will not be able to dominate the bureaucratic procedure in the functioning of departmental structures. The public should not be as part of what is happening and with the help of appropriate mechanisms should influence managerial activities to solve problems of street children and social orphans. All participants in interdepartmental interaction should perceive each other as partners in achieving common goals.
The effectiveness of interdepartmental interaction into a decisive extent depends on the implementation of the principle of social justice. Children who have fallen into a socially dangerous position have no opportunity to use guaranteed legislation rights. The joint work of the social institutions should be aimed at preventing this imbalance by providing social guarantees, creating opportunities for equal access to benefits. Compliance with this principle, on the one hand, determines the necessary conditions for the development and decent existence of a child, on the other - establishes the relationship between the specifics specific problem The measure of the participation of state structures in the life of a minor.
Overcoming interdepartmental barriers in solving problems of streets and social orphans
Solving the problems of the neglect of children and social orphanhood on the territory is carried out on the basis of inter-agency interaction. Analysis of the situation of minors, which are in a socially dangerous position, shows that the realizable interdepartmental interaction is built non-optimally. Work together is hampered by various kinds of barriers, inconsistency of interests and actions of participants in cooperation. Optimization of the interdepartmental interaction of social institutions in solving the problems of neglect children and social orphans depends on overcoming barriers that exist in the practice of collaboration.
Overcoming obstacles in the interdepartmental interaction of institutions contributes to the introduction of social and management technologies of cooperation (for example, the development of procedures for coordinating interests, decisions, actions; the creation of a unified information and analytical base; concluding contracts for understanding; optimization of document management between institutions, etc.).
According to the VK developed by VK. Potemkin and M.Kh. The balcis is the principle of assessing the effectiveness of the social partnership mechanism 79, it is possible to distinguish the main factors that stimulate interdepartmental interaction in solving the problems of street children and social orphans in the territory, and restrictions that impede it (see Table 5).
The dedicated factors and restrictions on interdepartmental interaction in solving the problems of neglect children and social orphans in the territory are of interest from a practical point of view, since they are an object of state impact in order to optimize the existing
When organizing interdepartmental interaction, it is important to explore and, if necessary, to optimize the two previous types of interaction. The formation of interdepartmental interaction is carried out through the effect of internal and external mechanisms. The effectiveness of interdepartmental interaction depends on the internal institutional, which in turn is determined by the activities of individual institutions and the coordinated-in the actions of all divisions and individual employees of each institution.
An intra-organizational interaction based on partnership means the formation of agreed actions between the units included in the organization. The activities of the institution departments should be based on a common goal, a single policy perceived by all as a whole. Departments within a facility will function effectively and coordinated if the structure and functions comply with the objectives of the organization. Design organizational structure It should be based on the strategic objectives and plans of the institution, as this ensures its stability. "The structure of the organization is designed from top to bottom. This makes it possible to proceed from the hierarchy of the goals and objectives, optimize the construction of the circuit of the interrelated elements of the horizontal and vertical structure, the establishment of the ratio of official and responsibilities "80.
Intorganization interaction depends on the logic of management and organizational culture, consistency of the goals, objectives of structural divisions and individual performers, compliance with their rights and duties, resource security and goals, from communications and feedback within a facility. In management, there is an opinion that structural units are usually more interested in realizing their goal than the common goal of the institution (M. Meson). The control will be effective if the institution dominates the sense of "we", each specialist feels the necessary link common system. Intrical interaction should be based on the community of values, goals and objectives of the functioning of all incoming institutions, their interdependence.
Internal and interdepartmental interaction is a dialectical unity. On the one hand, if there is no internal interaction, then it is impossible to talk about the effectiveness of interdepartmental relations. On the other hand, the obligations under interdepartmental interaction may have a positive impact and accelerate the solution of many intra-industrial problems.
Social protection of the population is a relatively young scope of the state's practical activity on the implementation of the main areas of social policy. A number of researchers are noted that today social work is generally focused on satisfying the vital needs of customers, qualitatively without changing the social situation, which caused difficulties 81. The possibility of direct contact with clients, their problems determines the adaptive potential of social protection institutions 82. Optimal social security forms are developed and providing social assistance to the population. Social protection is trying to organically enter into an existing system of social sphere. An analysis of the need for the existence of institutions and the victims of the proposed services among the population is underway. Territorial institutions, while direct contact with customers, have a unique opportunity to build their activities based on the analysis of population requests and taking into account the real state of the social environment.
To date, to identify problems arising within the institution, the analysis of the demand of activities, adjustments and optimization of management decisions, is relevant to conducting sociological support, the purpose of which is to optimize activities based on a scientific substantiation of management actions. Sociological support ensures the relationship between science and practice, contributes to the flexibility of the management system, makes it possible to respond quickly to the current situation, adjust the tasks of activities in connection with emerging environmental requests.
Since 2002, specialists from the Center for Social Assistance Family and Children, Kemerovo, work is carried out on the implementation of the Consultation Project "Sociological Support of Social Development CSPCID" 84. The purpose of the project is to optimize the activities of the institution in the provision of social services to the population. The experience of becoming social assistance institutions family and children in Russia shows that it is necessary to develop as a complete list of services as possible, taking into account the specifics of the territory. In the course of the implementation of this project, taking into account the requirements imposed by the population, a list of social services of the center has been developed. Formed packages of services for the criteria of the obligation and optionalities, the uniqueness and complexity of the provision. Created services packages for various categories of the population serviced by the CPCID.
To improve the interdepartmental interaction of bodies and institutions of the system of prevention and offenses of minors on the organization of preventive work with families in socially dangerous position, developed in accordance with paragraph 2 of section I of the minutes of the meeting of the government commission on juvenile affairs and the protection of their rights of December 21, 2016 № 14.
application
to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
from 08/23/2017 No. TS-702/07
Guidelines
to improve the interdepartmental interaction of bodies and institutions of the system of prevention of neglect and offenses of minors on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous position
I. General provisions
Guidelines To improve the interdepartmental interaction of bodies and institutions of the system for the prevention and offenses of minors on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous position (hereinafter referred to as Methodical recommendations), developed in accordance with paragraph 2 of section I of the minutes of the meeting of the Government Commission on Minors and Protection Their rights dated December 21, 2016 No. 14.
These methodological recommendations are addressed to bodies and institutions that are part of the prevention system of neglect and offenses of minors (hereinafter referred to as the system of prevention), and are designed to help improve the efficiency of work on the timely detection of minors and families in a socially dangerous position, as well as on their social and pedagogical rehabilitation. and (or) preventing the commitment of offenses and antisocial actions.
Interdepartmental interaction-joint agreed actions (solutions) of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous position;
Information interdepartmental interaction - exchange of documents and information, including in electronic form, between subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous position;
Subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction - bodies and institutions of the prevention system, other bodies and organizations involved within their competence in activities on the prevention of neglect and offenses of minors;
Order (regulations) of interdepartmental interaction - a document determining the list of subjects (participants) engaged in interdepartmental interaction, activities carried out in the framework of interdepartmental interaction, the procedure and form of interdepartmental interaction, requirements for content, forms and the conditions for sharing information, including electronic Form, procedure for monitoring and evaluating the results of interdepartmental interaction.
II. Principles of interdepartmental interaction
Interdepartmental interaction should be based on the principles:
Legality;
Delimitation of competence between subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction;
Elimination of duplication of procedures for collecting and processing information on minors and families in a socially dangerous situation, subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction;
An individual approach in organizing work with minors and families in a socially dangerous position;
Ensuring the confidentiality of information obtained in the process of interdepartmental interaction.
In addition, the approaches applied to the methodology for creating families to the category in a socially dangerous position and needing prophylactic work in relation to them are recommended to be carried out on the basis of the principle of the presumption of the blesshood of parents in the implementation of parental rights. In accordance with the provisions of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, the child's education for parents is an integral part of the implementation of parental rights, therefore, bodies and institutions of the prevention system in identifying minors and families in a socially dangerous position are recommended primarily to recognize and respect the rights and obligations of parents, carrying responsibility for the child.
Thus, the principle of the presumption of conscientiousness of parents implies the good faith of the actions of parents in relation to their children until relevant bodies and institutions of the prevention system (for example, the Commission on Minors and the Protection of their rights, the guardianship and guardianship authority or other authorized body) Inverse facts will be recorded and established, testifying to the unscrupulous behavior of parents in relation to their children.
III. Subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction
The organization and coordination of interdepartmental interaction on the territory of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Commission on Minors and the protection of their rights, established by the Supreme Executive Authority of the Public Authority of the Directory of the Russian Federation and operating on the territory of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Commission of the Directory of the Russian Federation).
Organization and coordination of interdepartmental interaction in the territory municipal Education (urban settlement, municipal district, urban district, urban district with intracity division, intracity district, internal territories of the cities of federal significance) is carried out by the territorial commission on juvenile affairs and the protection of their rights, established by the Supreme Executive Body of State Power of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, or the Municipal Commission on The affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, created by the local government authority (hereinafter referred to as the territorial [Municipal] Commission).
Subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction are:
Commission on juvenile affairs and protect their rights;
Social protection authorities;
Organs carrying out management in the field of education;
Guardianship and guardianship bodies;
Youth Affairs;
Health management bodies;
Employment authorities;
Internal affairs bodies;
Institutions of the penitentiary system (investigative isolators, educational colonies and criminal executive inspections).
Created in these institutions implementing separate functions on the prevention of neglect of the neglect and offenses of minors, as well as authorized on the rights of the child in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other bodies, institutions and organizations can participate in interdepartmental interaction within their competence in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of local governments, as well as regulations of the commissions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and (or) territorial (municipal) commissions.
Commissions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and territorial (municipal) commissions in organizing and coordinating interdepartmental interaction, taking into account the individual approach to work with minors and families in a socially dangerous position, it is recommended to use the full potential of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction.
Chairmen of the commissions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, chairmen of territorial (municipal) commissions are personally responsible for organizing the work of relevant commissions to coordinate issues of interdepartmental interaction.
IV. Forms of interdepartmental interaction
Interdepartmental interaction can be organized in the following forms.
1. Interdepartmental analysis and interdepartmental forecasting are used to collect information (information) necessary to identify problems in organizing preventive work with families in a socially dangerous position.
Interdepartmental analysis is aimed at joint analytical development of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, where, on the basis of the results obtained, further prediction of the effectiveness of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation can be built.
Combining the flow of information organized by various subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, makes it possible to foresee the emergence of new problems in the family, which is the object of interdepartmental interaction (for example, possible conflicts between minors and its parents [other legal representatives]).
It seems that the combination of obtained data is submitted to analyze the body by organizing and coordinate the interdepartmental interaction (Commission of the subject of the Russian Federation, territorial [municipal] commission) from the point of view of the forecast of the development of events, which predetermines the placement and tactics of the use of various professional forces.
2. Conducting meetings of the Commission of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, territorial (municipal) commissions, as well as the deliberative bodies created by them (in the event that such): working groups, councils, headquarters, consiliums and other bodies.
3. Joint development of guidelines, rules, orders, regulations, mandatory for the implementation of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction in their joint work, the establishment of which prior to the start of working with families in a socially dangerous position affects the final result of interaction.
4. Coordination of documents necessary both for organizational aspects of the implementation of interdepartmental interaction and for the implementation of joint professional activities.
5. Conducting joint integrated targets, checks, projects, operations, etc.
This form may have two varieties.
First, this is a set of activities designed for a long time with the consistent accumulation of information, professional experience in working with families in a socially dangerous position, and phased introduction of forces and means of various subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction (implementation of interdepartmental social rehabilitation programs of minors and families in a socially dangerous position).
Secondly, it is short-term, single joint actions of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction (for example, a survey of housing and living conditions in which the family lives).
In implementing this form, the body carrying out the organization and coordination of interdepartmental cooperation (the Commission of the Directory of the Russian Federation, the territorial [Municipal] Commission) in agreement with other entities (participants) of interdepartmental interaction can determine the circle of participants in the event with professional skills necessary to perform the tasks set.
6. Development of a unified joint interaction strategy (for example, in the field of prevention of neglect and offenses of minors).
The results of the joint development of the strategy can be implemented in proposals in the preparation of various organizational and tactical measures, comprehensive operations, joint work plans, departmental acts (orders, decisions) or local decisions.
7. Working meetings of the leaders or other representatives of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, which are organized to increase the efficiency of mutual informing, responding to the problem arise (for example, the fight against neglect, non-credibility and offenses are not adults).
At such meetings, agreements on the coordination and exchange of information are achieved, joint activities are being prepared.
8. Information interdepartmental interaction that is implemented through the information exchange between the subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, including using modern technologies (for example, the information and telecommunications network "Internet", local interdepartmental networks, databases and other).
This form allows network consultations, webinars, selector meetings, teleconferences.
When organizing interdepartmental interaction, various forms of interdepartmental interaction can be used at the same time.
V. Information interdepartmental interaction
Information interdepartmental interaction is carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 9 of the Federal Law of June 24, 1999 No. 120-FZ "On the basis of a system of prevention of neglect and offenses of minors".
The conditions for sharing information, requirements for its content and forms of representation, including in electronic form, it is recommended to consolidate in the order (regulations) of interdepartmental interaction, which may have the status of a regulatory legal Act Or approved by the decision of the Commission of the Directory of the Russian Federation and (or) the territorial (municipal) commission.
When developing requirements for content, forms and conditions for sharing information, including in electronic form, it is advisable to provide:
Creating (definition) of an interdepartmental interaction system operator, which will ensure its operation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of information, information technologies and information protection;
The ability to use centralized databases and classifiers of information systems connected to the interdepartmental interaction system. Access participants of interdepartmental interaction to electronic services for interdepartmental interaction is recommended to provide information, the content and volume of which is necessary in order to implement the powers assigned to the subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction;
Protection of transmitted documents and (or) information from unauthorized access, distortion or blocking from the moment of receipt of these documents and (or) information into the system of interdepartmental interaction;
Storage of documents and (or) information contained in the electronic services of information systems of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction connected to the system of interdepartmental interaction and monitoring the efficiency of electronic services;
Conditions for the organization of interdepartmental interaction;
The presentation form of an interdepartmental request and response to this request;
Responsibility for late provision of documents and (or) information within the framework of interdepartmental interaction.
Overview of the document
Methodical recommendations are presented to improve the interdepartmental interaction of bodies and institutions of the system of prevention of neglect and offenses of minors on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous position.
Forms of interaction, participants are indicated. Adjusts information sharing issues.