As a result of mastering the Daina chapter, the student must:
know
- the essence of the social effectiveness of innovative development of entrepreneurial organizations;
- indicators characterizing the social effectiveness of innovative development of enterprises;
be able to
- to determine the integral indicator of the social effect of the introduction of innovations;
- to calculate the general indicators characterizing the social effect of the organizational and technical development of enterprises;
own
- speaking skills to the audience with information messages, reports on pressing issues of Russian innovative entrepreneurship;
- methods for assessing the social effect of entrepreneurial activity.
Social sphere in the conditions of market relations
In the transition to a market economy social aspects in the manufacturing sector are clearly underestimated. Already at the beginning of economic reforms, the course towards the abolition of the social sector of enterprises was clearly manifested: preschool institutions, sports and health centers were closed. At the same time, the question of ensuring break-even functioning was not raised, but with the tacit consent of federal services and local self-government, social facilities were sold, closed, pulled apart.
Unemployment led to a cheap labor market, which drastically changed the attitude of entrepreneurs to personnel. In turn, this gives rise to a negative reaction of workers. Collective agreements at enterprises have lost significance, the role of trade union organizations has been minimized, untimely payment of wages - all this negatively affects the level of organization of labor and production. However, the underestimation of personnel policy is an unacceptable mistake that has economic and social consequences.
In the world practice of highly developed countries, investment priorities are focused on satisfying a number of social needs - the development of the housing industry, improvement of infrastructure and services. A new development model is being formed, the main priority of which is improving the quality of life, including improving and improving working conditions and the environment, improving the quality of medical services, the production of organic food, ensuring social and personal safety and conditions for the development and self-realization of the individual.
For the Russian economy it is extremely difficult, at this stage of development, to combine ensuring economic growth and improving the quality of life. But this is a crucial problem and it needs to be solved, for this purpose it is necessary to develop concepts and programs (federal and regional level) of scientific and economic development.
It is innovative activity that provides the conditions for improving production relations, changes the forms of organization, conditions, nature and content of labor.
As a result of the social consequences of innovation, the conditions for the activation of human activity are created, which ultimately directly or indirectly affects the economic recovery. The social consequences of innovation are ambiguous, and therefore they should be evaluated depending on the achievement of the goal of scientific and technological development. Thus, the introduction of computer equipment and information technology determines the use of the highest stage of production automation. But at the same time, the complexity of production processes increases simultaneously, the functions of the worker, his role in production, change. Automation and robotization facilitate work, but also increase the responsibility of the worker, require a special production culture and intelligence, and constantly increase the level of knowledge.
The impact of innovation on the structure of the intensive work of workers is rather complex and contradictory. In conditions of technical improvement of production, at the same time as lowering the cost of physical energy and facilitating labor, mental and nervous loads increase. Thus, contradictions arise between accelerating the transformation of production processes, increasing the flow of information and the limited physical and psychophysiological abilities of a person.
Various social consequences have a different effect on economic efficiency, increasing or decreasing it. However, the social impacts of innovation are usually manageable, resulting in less negative impacts and more positive ones. This is one of the features of management social development individual enterprises and industries.
Targeted impacts on the social consequences of innovation should provide an increase in the social effect.
3. Ownership of the means of production
4. The presence of higher professional education
93. K characteristic features traditional society not applicable …
1. Syncretism 2. Manual labor
3. Collective property 4. Individualism
94. “A set of people who find themselves in the same place at the same time, but who do not have any specific connections with each other” (E. Giddens) is ...
1. Unit 2. Crowd 3. Group 4. Team
95. The main feature of ____ is isolation from the institutions of a large society.
1. The bottom layer 2. The middle layer 3. The base layer 4. Underclass
96. The basic element of regulation public life are social ...
1. Groups 2. Organizations 3. Institutes 4. Processes
97. In the concept of T. Parsons, the process of material-energy interaction with the external environment, which is one of the functional conditions for the existence and balance of a social system, is called ...
1. Adaptation 2. Institutionalization 3. By consensus 4. Economics
98. In the concept of T. Parsons, the process of formation and maintenance of social interactions and relationships between actors is called
1. Adaptation 2. Institutionalization 3. By consensus 4. Healing
99. A group of people united by a common work or common interest is called ..
1. The team 2. Commune 3. Association 4. Brigade
100. A group of people with a certain legal status, inherited, is called ...
1. The team 2. The estate 3. Association 4. Class
101. A group of people connected by direct family relationships, whose adult members commit themselves to childcare, are called ...
1. Family 2. By the collective 3. Association 4. The commune
102. The set of criteria that is usually chosen to determine the equality or inequality of community members is…
1. Following moral ideals 2. Self-esteem of an individual
3. Income, education, prestige, power
4. Intelligence, size of ownership, professionalism
103. The group whose behavior is regulated by regulatory documents is called ...
1. Normative 2. Formal 3. Documentary 4. Creative
104. An association that declares a common origin for all its members, a common history, and is also characterized by a sense of solidarity, is a ____ community.
1. Massive 2. Nominal 3. Territorial 4. Ethnic
105. This social community: Laks, Chechens, Dargins is singled out on the basis of
1. Demographic 2. Ethnic 3. Territorial 4. Functional
106. This social community: Muscovites, Yaroslavl, Twerver, Permians is distinguished by
1. Demographic 2. Ethnic
3. The territorial 4. Functional
107. This social community: men and women are identified based on
1. Demographic 2. Ethnic 3. Territorial 4. Functional
108. If a social institution is ineffective and its prestige in society falls, then they talk about ______________ social institution.
1. Conflict 2. Dysfunctions3. The crisis 4. Stagnation
109. The institutionalization of relations between husband and wife as citizens of the state is called
1. By marriage 2. Family 3. Union 4. Agreement
110. A methodological approach to the analysis of society that explains social processes and human behavior by the influence of values, norms, and rules is called _____ determinism
1. Cultural 2. Economic 3. Technological 4. Social
111. A methodological approach to the analysis of society, which is crucial for explaining social processes to the level of development of production and the nature of property relations, is called _______ determinism
1. Cultural 2. Economic 3. Technological 4. Social
112. The methodological approach to the analysis of society, according to which the level of development of science and technology determines social processes in all areas of society, is called ________ determinism
1. Cultural 2. Economic 3. Technological 4. Social
113. M. Weber considered the most effective form of organization ...
1. Linear 2. Rational bureaucracy
3. Functional 4. Pyramidal
114. The association within the framework of sociology, in which members are engaged in joint activities, live on the same territory and own property in accordance with their ideology, is called ..
1. Team 2. Group 3. The Commune 4. Party
115. The main resource of the information society is ...
1. Knowledge 2. People 3. Television 4. Institutes
116. By its social nature, a post-industrial society should be regarded as an analogue of ______ society
1. Information 2. Social 3. Legal 4. Socialist
117. The priority development of the service sector and its prevalence over industrial and agricultural production are characteristic of ___________ society
1. The capitalist 2. Post-industrial
3. New 4. Feudal
118. The process and result of the emergence of a social institution in society is called ...
1. Institutionalization 2. Formations 3. Development 4. Stagnation
119. The process of legal and organizational consolidation of the existing forms of behavior in society in a society is
1. Institutionalization 2. Formation 3. Development 4. Stagnation
120. A number of persons holding the same status in society and leading a similar lifestyle, but not forming separate groups, are _____ groups
1. Reference 2. Status 3. Formal 4. Informal
121. A family structure consisting of several generations of relatives living together is called a family ....
1. Patriarchal 2. Egalitarian 3. Matrilocal 4. Expanded
122. Families in which decisions are made by the husband are called
1. Patriarchal
123. Families in which spouses are equal in making important decisions are called
1. Patriarchal 2. The egalitarian 3. Matrilocal 4. Expanded
124. A group of people united by the solution of certain social tasks, characterized by common interests and goals, a sense of solidarity and self-determination, is called ...
1. The team2. Community 3. Crowd 4. Organization
125. The family, when the newlyweds live together with the parents of the wife, is of the type
1. patriarchal 2. egalitarian 3. Matrilocal 4. Expanded
126. The family, when the newlyweds live together with the parents of the husband, is of the type
1. Patrilocal 2. egalitarian 3. matrilocal 4. extended
127. The type of society which is characterized by: standardization of production, distribution of funds mass media and mass culture, the atomization of social relations is called
1. Mass society 2. Socialist society
3. Modern society 4. Capitalist society
128. The function of the family, through which the reproduction of the population takes place, is called
1. Reproductive 2. Recreational 3. Educational 4. Household
129. The function of the family, due to which the restoration of the physical and spiritual strengths of family members is called
1. Reproductive 2. Recreational 3. Educational 4. Household
130. The family function, due to which the transfer of social experience occurs, is called
1. Reproductive 2. Recreational 3. Educational 4. Household
131. The group with which an individual identifies himself and to which he belongs is called ...
1. Par 2. Primary 3. Inland4. Small
132. The function of the family, through which the satisfaction of the needs of the individual and the livelihood of family members is called
1. Reproductive 2. Recreational 3. Educational 4. Household
133. The number of individuals who have moved up the social ladder per unit of time: 1. Migration 2. Volume of mobility 3. Mobility stage 4. Mobility size 134. The basis of social stratification is the idea ... 1. Labor differentiation 2. Social inequality3. Differences in income 4. Egalitarianism135. Within the framework of vertical mobility, it is customary to allocate _____________ mobility.
1. Horizontal and vertical 2. Ascending and descending
3. Individual and group 4. Horizontal and social
136. The convergence theory states that there is a convergence of the two types of society ... 1. Socialist and communist 2. Totalitarian and democratic 3. The capitalist and socialist4. Monarchist and anarchist
137. The stratification of society is ...
1. The process of increasing the heterogeneity of society
2. The process of mastering by individuals social norms 3. The process of socialization of individuals in society
146. The polarization of society is ...
1. The social division of labor 2. The politicization of society
4. Strengthening differences in the socialization of individuals
147. The relationship of structural dependence is based on ...
1.
The differences in motives of power and submission 2
.Differences in Statuses
3. The differences in the needs of individuals 4. The differences in social roles
148.A form of social interaction between group members that excludes subordination relationships is called ...
1. Subordination 2. Re-coordination 3. Conflict 4. Coordination
149.According to the concept of T. Parsons, a subsystem of society that performs the function of self-achievement is a subsystem ...
1. Economic 2. Regulatory 3. Cultural 4. Political
150. According to the concept of T. Parsons, a subsystem of a society that performs the function of integration is a subsystem ...
1. Economic 2. Regulatory 3.Political 4.Cultural
151.According to the concept of T. Parsons, a subsystem of society that performs the function of “retaining a sample is a subsystem ...
1.Cultural2. Economic 3. Political 4. Regulatory
152. If the consequences of the activity of a social institution impede the functioning of another institution, then this phenomenon is called ...
1. Dysfunction2. Deviation 3. Explicit function 4. Latent function
153. The specificity of the caste stratification system of society is expressed in the fact that ...
1. Castes are open social groups
2. The caste system lacks mechanisms of vertical social mobility
3. Castes are interpenetrating social groups.
4. Castes are formed on the basis of horizontal differentiation of society.
154. A lot of people scattered in space, who have similar interests in relation to some object, are ...
1. Class 2. Stratum 3. Crowd 4. The public
155. In the concept of T. Parsons, the process of determining the tasks to which social activity is directed, which is one of the functional conditions for the existence and balance of the social system, is called ...
1.Insulation 2.Integration 3. Achievement 4.Adaptation
156. In the concept of T. Parsons, the process of maintaining value patterns and regulating stress, which is one of the functional conditions for the existence and equilibrium of a social system, is called ...
1.Insulation 2.Integration 3.Adaptation 4
.Latency
157. The state differs from society in that ...
1. There must be an element of violence
2.It has territorial borders and public authority
3. In any state there are capitals, while there are village communities
4. In society, private interests predominate, in the state - general
158.A characteristic feature of an industrial society is ...
1. Concentration of production and population
2.
Slow development of engineering and technology
3. Community ownership of land 4. Prevalence of services
159.A characteristic feature of an industrial society is ...
1.
Treasure accumulation value system
2. Marriage and family oriented value system
3. The value system focused on efficiency and rationality
4. The value system focused on direct consumption
160. The characteristic features of a traditional society include …
1. A value system focused on efficiency and rationality 2. Urbanism
3. Mass consumption 4. Prevalence of subsistence farming
161. The characteristic features of a traditional society is (are) ...
1. The value system focused on efficiency and rationality
2.Individualism 3.Prevalence of small-scale production
4.Relationship of personal addiction
162. The division of society into estates is an example ...
1. Horizontal differentiation 2. Social segmentation
3.Social stratification 4. Cultural assimilation
163.A characteristic feature of a post-industrial society is ...
1. Prevalence in the economy of agriculture
2. Prevalence in the economy of heavy industry
3. The prevalence of services in the economy
4. Prevalence in the economy of light industry
164.A characteristic feature of a post-industrial society is ...
1. Development of state bureaucracy 2. Development of totalitarian institutions
3. Development and improvement of democratic institutions
4.Deindividualization of personality
165. The difference between an industrial society and a traditional one is that ...
1.
Trade between town and country is developing
2.Lord of community principles social life
3. The centers of social and economic life are industrial enterprises
4. Production is focused not on volume, but on product quality
166.Types of societies based on the ancient, Asian, feudal and capitalist modes of production distinguished ...
1M. Weber 2. C. Marx3.
G. Simmel 4.J. Gelbraith
167. The legal consolidation of each group of rights and obligations is characteristic of the _____ system of stratification.
1. Slaveholding 2. Class 3. Caste 4. The estate
168. What effect does each of social institutions on a separate person −...
1. Improves personality
2. Tends to subordinate personality behavior to institutional norms
3. Creates reference personalities 4. Increases the level of personality activity
169. What function of a social institution is based on the transfer of social experience −…
1. Integrative 2. Status 3. Regulatory 4. Broadcasting
170. Foundational structural feature social organization is ...
1. Mobility 2. Domination 3. Equality 4.Hierarchy
171. A social organization most often takes on a structural form ...
1. Ball 2. Cube 3. Parallelogram 4. Pyramids
172.A characteristic feature of the theoretical model of bureaucracy, according to the concept of M. Weber is …
1. Interpersonal relations 2. Moral and psychological unity
3. Functional willingness to act
4.The presence of full-time employees, constantly the whole working day of the organization’s affairs
173. Which of the following is necessary for the formation of a social organization ...
1.
Adverse environmental factors
2. Ethnic identity of community members
3 .Common goals4. General area
174. The process of changing patterns of interaction of individuals in small groups and the relationships between them, sociologists call ...
1.Group statics 2. Group dynamics
3. Group discreteness 4. Group dispersion
175. A family structure consisting of adult parents and their dependent children is called ....
1.Nuclear family2.Extended family
3.Punulum family 4. Polygamous family
176. A marriage between one woman and several men is called ...
1. Monogamy 2
.Polyandry 3. Polygamy 4. Polygyny
177 The reference group performs in relation to the individual a function that …
1. Carries out control functions 2. Carries out the function of disintegration
3. Is the basis for the formation of social attitudes
4. Carries out the function of social mobility
178.Type of marriage, which can be attributed to the harem of the Turkish sultan of the XVI century - is ...
1.Polygynia2.Polyandria
3. Monogamy 4. Consistent monogamy
179.The function of the social institute of education related to the selection of the most gifted individuals is called ...
1.Selection function 2. Mobility Function
3. The function of socialization 4. The function of integration
180. The function of the social institution of education related to the transfer of social experience, social norms and values \u200b\u200bis called ...
1. Integration function 2. Socialization function
3.
Selection function 4. Mobility function
181. The function of the social institution of education related to vocational training and the formation of social and professional groups is called ...
1. The function of socialization 2. The selection function
3. Integration Function 4. Mobility Function
182. A specific feature of the primary group is that ...
1. For group members, a common goal is important
2. Relations between group members are informal
3. Primary groups are based on both formal and informal relationships.
4. The group has a clear division into social statuses and roles
183. A social group is ...
1.The social community of interacting individuals
2.
Social community united on a territorial basis
3.Social community, united on one or more grounds
4.People with similar psychological characteristics
184.Characteristic of the secondary group are not ...
1. Specialized goals 2. Mediated social contacts
3.Personal emotional relationship
4. Formalized relations of social organization
185. In the characteristics of the primary group not included (-it) ...
1. Direct emotional contacts 2. Specialized Goals
3. Socializing influence on an individual 4. Informal social organization
186. The reference group performs in relation to the individual a function that …
1.
Carries out control functions 2. Carries out the function of punishment
3. Carries out the function of social mobility
190. Intragenerative mobility is ...
1.The transition from one position to another at various points in the working life of the individual
2. Moving from position to position in relation to the positions of parents
3. Horizontal mobility
4. downward mobility
191. Feature informal groups is that they arise ...
1. As a result of management 2. Spontaneously
3. As a result of orders 4. Purposefully
192. One of the functions of the primary group is ...
1. Axiological function 2. Humanistic function
3. Socialization of personality 4. Economic function
193. The relations between the main classes in bourgeois society, K. Marx described as class (..., ...)
3. Antagonism 4. Competition
194. The class, of modern society, advocating political, economic, and cultural stability is the _____________ class.
1. Lower 2. Underground
3. Medium 4. Supreme
195. The transition to universal literacy and the formation of national education systems is a characteristic feature of ______ society.
1. The traditional 2. Industrial
196. The transition to universal literacy and the formation of national education systems is a characteristic feature of _______ society.
1. The traditional 2. Industrial
3. Post-industrial 4. Class
197. The economic dependence of a woman on her spouse and recognition of the man’s unconditional priority in matters of family leadership are characteristic of ______ family.
1. Par 2. Nuclear
3. The egalitarian 4. Patriarchal
198. The concept of "reference group" introduced into sociology ...
1. M. Weber 2. C. Cooley
3. E. Durkheim 4. G. Hymen
199. The presence of interaction between group members is a sign of social ...
1. Communities 2. Roles
3. Groups4. Communication
200. Gazprom employees represent ...
201. The totality of non-political and non-governmental organizations, associations, movements is ...
1. The public 2. Party
3. The state 4. Civil society
202. Representatives of _____________ define society as a stable and orderly system, the stability of which is achieved through shared values, beliefs, and social expectations.
1. Interactionism 2. Social groups
3. Functionalism4. Theories of conflict
203. The economic basis of a traditional society is ...
1. Agriculture 2. Science
3. Trade 4. Industry
204. The process of streamlining statuses and roles in a system to meet social needs is called ...
1. Institutionalization2. Stratification
3. Socialization 4. Urbanization
205. The totality of formal requirements that determine the rights and obligations of a husband and wife, and their two in relation to their children and relatives, is called ...
1. Family 2. By marriage
3. Deviation 4. Sanction
206. A group of people united by the solution of certain social problems, characterized by common interests and goals, a sense of solidarity and self-determination, is called ...
1. Crowd 2. Community
3. The team4.Organization
207. The company has features such as territorial certainty and availability ...
1. Full equality 2. Political interests
3. General culture4. Geographical environment
208. The transition to universal literacy and the formation of national education systems is a characteristic feature of _____ society.
1. Post-industrial 2. Industrial
3. Class 4. Traditional
209. The marriage of one woman at the same time with several spouses is called ...
1. Polygyny 2. Endogamy
3. Polyandry4. Exogamy
210. The presence of a formal organization is a sign of the __________ group.
1. Big 2. Real
3. Small 4. Secondary
211. Two people waiting for a bus at a bus stop are called ...
1. In-group 2. Out-group
3. The reference group 4. Quasigroup
212. Legal consolidation of each group of rights and obligations is characteristic of the _____ system of stratification.
1. Slaveholding 2. Class
3. Caste 4. The estate
213. Successful adaptation to the new socio-economic situation characterizes the ____ layer.
1. Basic 2. Underclass
3. Lower 4. Medium
214. A multitude of people scattered in space who have similar interests in relation to a certain object is ...
1. Class 2. Strata
3. The crowd 4. The public
215. The transition to universal literacy and the formation of national education systems is a characteristic feature of _____ society.
1. Traditional 2. Post-industrial
3. Class 4. Industrial
216. If the consequences of the activity of a social institution impede the functioning of another institution, then this phenomenon is called ...
1. Dysfunction2. Deviation
3. Explicit function 4. Latent function
217. The totality of formal requirements that determine the rights and obligations of a husband and wife, and their two in relation to their children and relatives, is called ...
1. Sanction 2. By marriage
3. Family 4. Deviation
218. The group with which the individual identifies himself and to which he belongs is called ...
1. Par 2. Primary
3. Inland4. Small
219. A group of people united by the solution of certain social problems, characterized by common interests and goals, a sense of solidarity and self-determination, is called ...
1. The team2. Community
3. Crowd 4. Organization
220. An association that declares a common origin for all its members, a common history, and is also characterized by a sense of solidarity, is a ____ community.
1. Massive 2. Nominal
3. Territorial 4. Ethnic
221. The main feature of ____ is isolation from the institutions of a large society.
1. The lower layer 2. The middle layer
3. The base layer 4. Underclass
222. A social group of three people, in which complex relationships usually develop, is called ...
1. Dyad 2. Resocialization
3. The triad 4. Validity
223. The totality of non-political and non-governmental organizations, associations, movements is
1. Civil Society2. Party
3. The state 4. The public
224. The economic basis of an industrial society is ...
1. Science 2. Agriculture
3. Industry4. Trade
225. The social institution that carries out the reproduction of the population is called ...
1. Organization 2. Estate
3. The community 4. Family
226. A group in which communication is maintained by direct personal contacts and highly emotional involvement of members in the affairs of the group is called a _______ group.
1. Reference 2. Secondary
3. Social 4. Primary
227. Customers in a store, passengers at the station provide an example ...
3. Social aggregate4. Territorial community
228. The legal assignment of each group of rights and obligations is characteristic of the _____ system of stratification
1. Class 2. The estate
3. Slaveholding 4. Caste
229. The most numerous part in the stratification system. russian society is _____ layer.
1. Lower 2. Medium
3. Basic4. Subelite
230. A broad social group characterized by a certain geographical position, political sovereignty and distinctive culture is called ...
1. Society2. Culture
3. Subculture 4. Civilization
231. The association of people, based on their participation in some activity, connected by a system of relations that are regulated by formal or informal social institutions, is called the _________ group.
1. Social2. Primary
3. Reference 4. Rated
232. The presence of interaction between group members is a sign of social ...
1. Communities 2. Roles
3. Groups4. Communication
233. Customers in a store, passengers at the station provide an example ...
1. Ethnic community 2. Social category
3. Territorial community 4. Social aggregate
234. From the position of _______ basis social inequality is private ownership of the means of production.
1. Functionalism 2. Marxism
3. Conflict theory 4. Theories of exchange
235. A distinctive feature of the representatives of the _____ layer is a low activity potential.
1. Subelite 2. Medium
3. The base 4. Lower
236.According to the concept of E. Shils, the essential features of society are own ...
237. The relations between the main classes in bourgeois society, K. Marx described as class (th, th) ...
1. Cooperation 2. Rivalry
3. Antagonism 4. Competition
238. The class, of modern society, advocating political, economic, and cultural stability is the _____________ class.
1. Lower 2. Underground
3. Medium 4. Supreme
239. According to T. Parsons, the maintenance of the motivation of leaders in the performance of roles, the elimination of hidden tensions provides a subsystem ...
1. Political 2. Culture
3. Social control4.Economics
240. A broad social group characterized by a certain geographical position, political sovereignty and distinctive culture is called ...
1. Civilization 2. Culture
3. Subculture 3. Society
241. The economic dependence of a woman on her spouse and recognition of the unconditional priority of a man in matters of family leadership are characteristic of the family.
1. Egalitarian 2. Nuclear
3. Rated 4. Patriarchal
242. The group with which an individual identifies himself and to which he belongs is called ...
1. Primary 2. Internal
3. Par 4. Minor
243. A social group of two members, the relationship between which is based on feelings, the equivalence of exchange and reciprocity, is called ...
1. Urbanization 2. Anomie
3. Dyad4.Triad
244. Large entrepreneurs and senior officials are included in the layer.
1. Subelite2. Basic
3. Lower 4. Medium
245. The evolutionary typology of societies is based on social ______, typical of all countries and peoples.
1. Functions 2. Sanctions
3. Morals 4. Changes
246. If the consequences of the activity of a social institution impede the functioning of another institution, then this phenomenon is called ....
1. Deviation 2. Explicit function
3. Latent function 4. Dysfunction
247. The marriage of one woman at the same time with several spouses is called ... ,.
1. Exogamy 2. Endogamy
3. Polygyny 4. Polyandry
248. A group in which communication is maintained through direct personal contacts and the highly emotional involvement of members in the affairs of the group is called ....
1. Secondary 2. Reference
3. Primary4. Social
249. The totality of people who have a unity of relationship to a particular developed area is ____ community.
1. Territorial2. Massive
3. Nominal 4. Ethnic
250. The legal consolidation of each group of rights and obligations is characteristic of the _______ system of stratification.
1. Class 2. Estates
3. Caste 4. Slaveholding
251. The social institution performing the reproduction of the population is called ...
1. Organization 2. Community
3. Family4. The estate
252. A group of people united by the solution of certain social problems, characterized by common interests and goals, a sense of solidarity and self-determination, is called ...
1. Organization 2. Crowd
3. The team4. Community
253. The company has features such as territorial certainty and availability ...
1. General culture2. Complete equality
3. Political interests 4. Geographical environment
254. A lot of people scattered in space who have similar interests in relation to a certain object are
1 class 2. The public
3. Crowd 4. Strata
255. The concept of "reference group" introduced into sociology ...
1. M. Weber 2. E. Durkheim
3. G. Hymen4. C. Cooley
256. The presence of interaction between group members is a sign of social ...
1. Communities 2. Groups
3. Relationships 4. Roles
257. Society as a system of relations between people based on the norms and values \u200b\u200bthat form the culture, defined ...
1. T. Parsons2. M. Weber
3. K. Marx 4. E. Durkheim
258. The transition to universal literacy and the formation of national education systems is a characteristic feature of _____ society.
1. Industrial2. Class
3. Post-industrial 4. Traditional
259. The presence of a formal organization is a sign of a ______ group.
1. Small 2. Secondary
3. Big 4. Real
260. A distinctive feature of the representatives of the ______ layer is a low activity potential.
1. Lower2. Subelite
3. Basic 4. Secondary
261. The totality of formal requirements that determine the rights and characteristics of a husband and wife. And their two - in relation
1. Sanction 2. Family
3. Marriage4. Deviation
262. The totality of people who have a unity of relationship to a particular developed area is a ___ community
1. Ethnic 2. Nominal
3. Massive 4. Territorial
263. Citizenship rights are the main criterion for stratification in the ______ system of inequality.
1. Slaveholding2. Caste
3. Class 4. Class
264. Successful adaptation to the new socio-economic situation characterizes the ___ layer.
1. Underclass 2. Basic
3. Lower 4. Medium
265. The totality of non-political and non-governmental organizations, associations, movements is ....
1. Civil Society2. The state
3. Party 4. Public
266. A family consisting of representatives of several generations, is nailed ....
1. Patriarchal 2. Par
3. Expanded4. Nuclear
Theme 5. Society and personality: problems of interaction.
1. The personality type adopted by the culture of the corresponding society, to the greatest extent reflecting the characteristics of this culture:
1. Regulatory personality2. Typical personality
3. Traditional person 4. Cultural person
2. Behavioral reaction (Merton), which is expressed in the complete denial of the goals and means proclaimed by society and their replacement with new goals and means.
1. Ritualism 2. Rebellion
3. Conformism 4. Retreatism
3. The totality of all statuses occupied by this individual is:
1. Main statuses 2. Social statuses
3. Status 4. Status set
4. A generalized characteristic, covering the profession, economic situation, political opportunities, demographic parameters of a person, is:
1.Social status 2. Personal status
3. Role set 4. Social status
5. The behavior model focused on a specific status is:
1. Social role2. Status role
3. Sample social action 4. Social norm
6. To a variety of statuses not applicable:
1. Social status 2. Personal status
3. Intergenerational Status4. Prescribed Status
7. The process of transforming external real actions, social forms of communication into sustainable internal qualities of a person through the assimilation by her of group values \u200b\u200band attitudes:
1. Conformism 2. Interiorization
3. Deviation 4. Training
8. Social norms that are supported by the moral consciousness of believers, faith in the punishment for sins when deviating from the norms:
1. Religious norms2. Moral standards
3. Legal norms 4. Legal norms
9. To methods of social control not applicable:
1. Manipulation 2. Conviction
3. Coercion 4. Suggestion
10. Synonymous with the concept of "social status" not is the term:
1.Social rank 2.Social position
3.Social position 4. Social role
11. The position of an individual or group in the social system, due to the social functions performed by them with the rights and obligations arising from them, is:
1.Social position 2. Responsibilities
3. Subjectivism 4. Mobility
12. The type of social control characteristic of small groups:
1. Informal control 2. Formal control
3. Isolation 4. Separation
13. The principle of behavior based on worldview, values \u200b\u200band norms, readiness for action:
1. Value orientations 2. Life position
3. Social norms 4. Values
14. A stable system of relations of individuals that has developed in the process of their interaction with each other in the conditions of a given society:
1. Friendship 2. Social relations
3. Cooperation 4. Integration
15. The type of person most common in a given territory:
1. Social personality 2. Regulatory personality
3. Modal personality 4. Typical personality
16. General conceptrepresenting a biosocial category is:
1. Personality 2. Man
3. Subject 4. Object
17. A unique combination of natural and social properties of an individual is:
1. Originality 2. Personality
3. Uniqueness 4. Inimitability
18. Socially approved by most people ideas about what is good, duty, justice, friendship, etc., is:
1. Virtues 2. Rules
3. Norms 4. Values
19. A variety of _________ status is social class status.
1. Main 2 . Prescribed
3. Achievable 4. Personal
20. Actual, real behavior of a person holding a particular social position (social status):
1. Normative behavior 2. Social behavior
3. Role execution4. Conformism
21. Developed a theory of hierarchy of needs:
1. A. Maslow 2. C. Marx
3. C. Cooley 4. F. Engels
22. The integrity of human social properties, a product of social development:
1. Personality 2. Man
3. Subject 4. Object
23. The manifestation of social relations at the interpersonal level, the dependence of the behavior of one individual on another:
1. Social 2. Public
3. Psychological 4. Humanistic
24. A. Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs: basic (vital), security, __________, recognition, self-realization.
1. Material 2. Communication
3. Economic 4. Love
25. J. Mead in the formation of personality identified three stages: the stage of accepting the role of another, ________, the stage of accepting the role of “generalized another”.
1. The stage of accepting the role of others 2. The stage of self-acceptance
3. The stage of self-awareness 4. The stage of self-awareness of others
27. Everyone who lives in society and has passed socialization is:
1. Personality 2. Man
3. Subject 4. Object
28. A person who shares the same cultural patterns as the majority of members of a given society, adapted to social conditions:
1. Conformist 2. Modal personality
3. Cultured person 4. Right person
29. In theory _____, a person appears as a product or object of social relations - he is such what is his social environment.
1. Positivism 2. Freudianism
3. Marxism 4. Rationalism
30. The totality of social factors affecting the formation and behavior of the individual:
1. Society 2. Social
3. Social environment 4. Macroenvironment
31. Status characterizing the social status of a person, determining his lifestyle:
1. Important 2. Chief
3. The first 4. Ascriptive
32. The process of assimilation by an individual of patterns of behavior, psychological mechanisms, social norms and values \u200b\u200bnecessary for the successful functioning of an individual in a given society is:
1. Socialization2. Social reform
3. Social evolution 4. Social stability
33. The social position that is occupied by the individual and is secured through his individual choice, his own efforts, this status:
1. Personal 2. Prescribed
3. Social 4. Achieved (descriptive)
34. A model of behavior that has become stronger, established, and selected as appropriate for people occupying a particular social position (status) in the system of public relations is:
1. Role expectation 2. Social role
3. Social position 4. Social norm
35. The status, which manifests itself at the level of a small group and is determined by personal qualities and character traits, is the status:
1. Expected 2. Personal
3. Honored 4. Group
36. The expected model of behavior for people of this status in this social system:
1. The role 2. Role waiting
3. Role execution 4. Regulatory action
37. Awareness of one's “I” is formed with an awareness of other “I”, considered:
1. Z. Freud 2. K. Marx
3. V. Pareto 4. C. Cooley
38. The pilot process, during which the roles are identified and filled with content, change as the coordinate system changes, these are:
1. Role construction 2. Role analysis
3. Role playing 4. Role interaction
39. The agents of primary socialization not includes:
1. Parents 2. Close relatives
3. Peers 4. School administration
40. Behavioral reaction (Merton), expressed in the adoption of goals, but the rejection of the means to achieve them:
1. Innovation 2. Deprivation
3. Socialization 4. Conflict
41. The clash of role requirements for a person caused by the multiplicity of simultaneously performed roles:
1. Concentus 2. Contradiction
3. Role conflict 4. Conformism
42. Researcher _______ organized and conducted a “prison” experiment:
1. E. Mayo 2. K. Marx
3. G. Tarde 4. F. Zimbardo
43. The process of formation of social qualities, properties, values, knowledge and skills, thanks to which a person becomes a competent participant in social ties, institutions, communities:
1. Socialization 2. Parenting
3. Training 4. Learning
44. This is the expected behavior due to the social status of the individual, it is:
1. Social role2. Role action
3. Normal behavior 4. Planned behavior
45. The status that characterizes an individual as a member of a large social group, as a representative of a class, nation, profession, is the status:
1. Expected 2. Personal
3. Honored 4. Group
46. \u200b\u200bAgents of socialization: parents, relatives, friends, teachers and other reference (significant) people, they are important in the early stages of life, these are agents:
1. Major 2. Important
3. Reference 4. Primary
47. The set of social precepts and ceremonies by which an individual is admitted to a group, changing his status, acquiring a new social role:
1. Initiation 2. Coronation
3. Ceremonial 4. Acceptance
48. The process of assimilation of new social norms to replace lost or their restoration:
1. Socialization 2. Deviation
3. Resocialization 4. Deprivation
49. Adaptation of an individual to role functions, social norms, socio-economic conditions, institutions:
1. Addiction 2. Acceptance
3. Social adaptation 4. Training
50. Conflict, when an individual has to choose between the need to perform official duties and come to the rescue of a friend in need:
1. Inter-role conflict 2. Subjective conflict
3. Status conflict 4. Interpersonal conflict
51. Means of encouragement and punishment, forcing people to comply with social norms:
1. Sanctions 2. Orders
3. Directions 4. Suggestions
52. Representatives of the school’s administration, institute (group curator), enterprises, the army, the church, the state, the media, their role is important at later stages of life, these are socialization agents:
1. Secondary 2. Group
3. Non-reference 4. Public
53. The mechanism of socialization, expressed in a more or less accurate copying by the individual of the behavior of other people:
1. Imitation 2. Imitation
3. Repeat 4. Copy
54. The set of roles corresponding to this status is called:
1. Role set 2. Role selection
3. Role playing 4. Performance
55. The process of incorporating social norms, values \u200b\u200binto the inner world of a person, ie personalization of social norms is:
1. Conformism 2. Interiorization
3. Deviation 4. Training
56. The process of weaning from old norms, values, roles, rules of behavior:
1. Desocialization 2. Socialization
3. Deviation 4. Deprivation
57. The state of the gap between the biological and sociocultural growth of youth, manifested in the failure to accept social duties and obligations:
1. Deviation 2. Socialization
3. Alienation 4. Infantilism
58. Unlawful acts that violate the law, which are not in the true sense of a crime, punishable by administrative procedure:
1. Delinquent behavior 2. Deviation
3. Crime 4. Conformism
59. Behavioral reaction (Merton), which is expressed in the rejection of goals, but the adoption of means to achieve these goals:
1. Ritualism2. Consent
3. Conformism 4. Arrangement
60. The mechanism ensuring the maintenance of socially acceptable patterns of behavior and functioning of the social system as a whole:
1. Norms 2. Social control
3. Army 4. Police
61. Behavioral reaction (Merton), which consists in the adoption of the goals and means of this social community, even by refusing their own beliefs:
1. Acceptance 2. Consent
3. Conformism 4. Arrangement
62. A variety of _______ status may be professional-official status.
1. Ascriptive 2. Achievable
3. Personal 4. Group
63. A concept that reflects a social attribute that discredits an individual or group in order to exclude them from social interaction is a “label” hung on a person:
1. Stigma 2. Exception
3. Deprivation 4. Conformism
64. The functionality of deviant behavior for society, according to _________, is manifested in the fact that it leads to the improvement of social norms in society.
1. E. Durkheim 2. K. Marx
3. M. Weber 4. M.M. Kovalevsky
65. Submission of the individual to the norms accepted in society, attitudes and behavior of the individual, corresponding to the expectations and norms of the social group:
1. Acceptance 2. Conformity
3. Deviation 4. Socialization
66. _______ are prescriptions of how to behave properly in society.
1. Norms 2. Rules
3. Laws 4. Punishment
67. According to sociologists, the main type of “social elevators” in modern society is
1. Personal abilities of an individual 2. Social Institute of Education
3. Competition between individuals 4. Interpersonal relations
68. Social norms that record the established order of behavior of people, based on habits and supported by force. public opinion:
1. The ritual 2. Norms of custom
3. Ceremony 4. Rules
69. A social position, which is pre-prescribed by an individual by a society or group, regardless of his abilities or efforts, is:
1. Prescribed (ascriptive) status2. Main status
3. Status achieved 4. Characteristic status
70. A specific human action, and a system of actions, and a relatively stable mass social phenomenon that do not correspond to the norms of a group, society:
1. Violations 2. Crimes
3. Anomalies 4. Deviant behavior
71. Social norms, which are mainly evaluative in nature and provided by the power of public opinion:
1. Moral standards 2. Legal provisions
3. Norms of etiquette 4. Norms of law
72. Factors determining deviant behavior: biological, ________, social.
1. Economic 2. Psychological
3. Political 4. Personal
73. The norms that govern relations between the individual and the authorities, between individual states and are reflected both in laws and in international treaties:
1. Political norms 2. Moral standards
3. Religious norms 4. Legal norms
74. Measures of influence of a social group on the behavior of individuals deviating from social expectations and norms:
1. Orders 2. Sanctions
3. Punishment 4. Promotion
75. The type of socialization that an individual undergoes in childhood, becoming a member of society, it is carried out in the field of interpersonal relations:
1. Personal 2. Primary
3. Home 4. Social
76. Individuals and organizations that implement the actions of social norms and apply social sanctions:
1. Social control agents 2. Supervisors
3. Police 4. Army
77. Types of social control: formal control and __________.
1. Informal control 2. Mandatory control
3. Administrative control 4. Army control
78. Delinquency is ...
1. The same as deviation 2. Violation of moral taboos
3. Equivalent anomie 4. Violation of legal and social norms
79. To denote the layer of super-rich entrepreneurs in Russia who have influence on power, the term ...
1. "Nouveau riche" 2. "Oligarchs"
3. “Business elite” 4. “New nobles”
80. Decision-making by universal consent as a form of social interaction is called _____.
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